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Today, almost three hundred varieties of potatoes are grown in Russia. All varieties have strengths and minor weaknesses. The main task of the farmer is to choose the right potato variety for his site, to take into account the peculiarities of the soil, temperature regime, principles of agricultural technology. This is the only way to guarantee a decent result - a high yield of tasty and beautiful potatoes.
Yielding potato varieties
Of course, any gardener, first of all, is interested in the quantity and quality of the crop that he will receive from his site. Therefore, when choosing planting material, autumn is often preferred to harvest varieties of potatoes... These are the varieties that yield more than 300 centners of root crops. from every hectare of land.
Growing in large volumes is necessary either for sale or for long-term storage. Therefore, the potatoes should be beautiful, shelf-stable, and transportable.
There are varieties, the mass of root crops in which reaches three kilograms!
The most productive varieties of potatoes, suitable for the temperate climate of central Russia: Idaho, Bela Rosa, Rosara. A description of each of them can be found below.
"Idaho"
Potato variety, which is considered early maturing, because it ripens in a very short time. This potato does not lack all early ripening varieties, it cannot be called watery and tasteless. Idaho root vegetables are very nutritious as they are high in carbohydrates and starch.
America is considered the homeland of the variety; it is there that the traditional dish of the same name is prepared from this potato. The vegetable has taken root well on the territory of Russia, the local climate and soil suit it.
Potatoes are round in shape and almost the same size. The color of the roots is beige, the pulp is well boiled, has a pleasant taste and aroma. Due to their ideal shape and smooth skin, the root vegetables are often grown for the purpose of sale. The high yield also contributes to this - about 600 centners per hectare of fields.
"Bela Rosa"
These potatoes ripen within fifty days of planting. The plant is not afraid of viruses, tolerates drought and slight cold snaps. For the variety, the composition of the soil and the acidity of the soil are not too important.
But "Bela Rosa" will not give a good harvest on the depleted land. Therefore, potatoes should be regularly fertilized with organic fertilizers, and it is better to plant them in the place where peas, beans or other legumes grew last season.
It is necessary to water the bushes three times per season: two waterings must be done before the flowering period of the bushes, and the last one after the potatoes have faded.
The tubers are round or oval in shape, painted in a pinkish tint, the peel of the root crops is slightly rough. The average mass of potatoes is about 500 grams. The taste is high: the tubers are well boiled, have a pleasant, slightly sweetish taste, and contain a large amount of carbohydrates.
The "Bela Rosa" variety is grown not only in the central part of Russia, but also in Belarus.In the southern regions, due to the early maturity of potatoes, the crop can be harvested even twice a season.
The yield of the variety is high - from 350 to 400 centners per hectare.
Review of potatoes "Bela Rosa"
"Rosara"
This potato was bred by German farmers, and from there it came to Russia. Potatoes are considered mid-season - the roots are ready for harvesting 65-75 days after the first shoots appear.
This variety is perfect for growing vegetables for sale. Potatoes are perfectly shaped and small in size. The average weight of root crops does not exceed 150 grams. The shade of the peel is very memorable: from bright red to brown.
The yield of this potato depends entirely on watering. Apart from regular and abundant irrigation, the Rosary bushes, in principle, do not need anything else: the variety is protected from most diseases, is not picky about the composition of the soil and does not need regular fertilization.
If you water the potato bushes abundantly and often, you can find up to 30 root vegetables under each of them. The total yield in this case will be 400 centners per hectare.
The taste is good, the potatoes are fragrant, with a pleasant aftertaste, well boiled.
Therefore, the bushes must be treated with insecticides several times per season and the collection of adult beetles and larvae must be carried out. Leaves damaged by beetles lead to a deterioration in photosynthesis, which will certainly affect the yield and quality of root crops.
Characteristics and description of the most delicious varieties of potatoes
Yield is not so important for those who grow potatoes for their own needs. And in order to enjoy fresh young tubers, you need to choose the most delicious variety. This can be considered a potato with a high content of starch and carbohydrates, which boils quickly, does not give lumps and dark blotches, and has a strong aroma.
Such potatoes, as a rule, are not only the most delicious, but also nutritious and healthy.
"Picasso"
This potato variety is very capricious: it does not like drought, is picky about the composition of the soil and the amount of fertilizers, it is easily infected with viruses, is susceptible to fungal diseases, Colorado beetles and wireworms "love" it.
But! This potato, by right, can be called the most delicious. The tubers have an even, slightly elongated shape, are colored beige, and the eyes have a pink tint. The skin of the root vegetable is so thin that it can be brushed off without scrubbing.
Potatoes have a cooking time of only 15 minutes and are tender and smooth.
The yield of the variety is low - only 200 quintals of vegetables can be harvested from a hectare of land. But this is more than offset by the taste of the fruit.
Tubers will begin to deteriorate within two months after digging. To slightly increase the keeping quality of the crop, you can put several apples in the boxes with potatoes, they will stop the decay process and prevent sprouts from appearing on root crops.
"Tuleyevsky"
The variety, developed by Russian breeders, combines excellent taste and a fairly high yield - more than 300 centners per hectare.
This potato also has a number of disadvantages:
- bushes are afraid of frost;
- potatoes do not tolerate drought very well and need regular watering;
- the tubers cannot be stored for a long time - the Tuleyevsky potatoes will lie for a maximum of 1.5 months after the harvest;
- if stored improperly, the tubers wither and turn black even faster.
But the taste characteristics neutralize all the disadvantages listed above. The potatoes are boiled, without lumps, very nutritious and satisfying, with a good aroma, and have a thin peel. Indeed, this is one of the most delicious varieties. In addition, Tuleevsky is zoned for Russia and the local climate.
"Dauphine"
The variety was bred in Holland, and later acclimatized to the characteristics of central Russia. Probably, this is the most famous variety among local summer residents and gardeners, because this potato combines all the best qualities:
- average yield - about 250 centners per hectare;
- excellent taste characteristics;
- unpretentiousness and good disease resistance;
- excellent keeping quality - for 7-9 months, root crops are able to maintain not only their appearance, but also their nutritional value;
- large sizes of root crops - the average weight is 300 grams;
- more than 20 potatoes can ripen in one bush.
The only thing this potato variety needs is regular and abundant watering.
"Share"
This variety is most often chosen specifically for individual plots, although potatoes can be grown on an industrial scale. The yield is above average - over 400 centners per hectare. And the taste characteristics meet the highest requirements.
The bushes of this potato are powerful and tall, they are not often damaged by the Colorado potato beetle, potatoes are also rarely sick. But it is necessary to water and fertilize Pai bushes regularly.
The potatoes are large - about 400 grams, beige and round in shape. In each bush, about 15 root crops can ripen.
The best varieties for the middle lane
Potato varieties for central Russia, as a rule, are bred for the entire country, and are also suitable for Belarus and most of Ukraine. This is the potato that:
- grows on black soil;
- not afraid of showers;
- tolerates drought well;
- can withstand short-term frosts;
- gives good yields;
- can be stored during the winter;
- not afraid of fungal diseases and infections.
Reviews of gardeners and summer residents of central Russia helped determine the most popular varieties of potatoes here - their photos and descriptions are presented below.
"Nevsky"
Depending on the ripening period, there are several varieties of this variety. Tubers of regular elongated shape, colored in a pink shade. The yield of the variety is high - about 300 centners per hectare.
The potato tastes good, has a thin peel, and boils quickly. The variety can be stored until spring, it has excellent keeping quality.
But these potatoes need frequent watering and organic feeding.
"Latona"
A productive variety with early ripening. Potatoes are rarely exposed to diseases and viruses, but they often fall prey to the Colorado potato beetle. The variety needs organic fertilizers, regular watering, and careful maintenance.
"Latona" is stored wonderfully: it does not fade, does not darken and does not sprout (if the sun's rays do not penetrate into the storehouse). It is recommended to sort the potatoes a couple of times a season to remove spoiled tubers and prevent the spread of rot.
Red Scarlett
One of the most widespread and well-established varieties of Dutch selection in Russia.
Root crops have the correct shape, are painted in a reddish tint. The rind is so thin that the tubers do not need to be peeled, but simply washed with a brush before cooking.
Taste quality is high, potatoes keep well and transported. Up to twenty potatoes can be found in each hole. At the same time, the variety is not afraid of drought and frost. However, potatoes need three to four times very abundant watering.
Review of "Red Scarlett" potatoes
Gala
One of the early varieties of potatoes - root crops ripen on the 70th day after the first shoots emerge from the ground. It is very easy to distinguish the Gala bushes - they have bright green leaves.
If the potatoes are well watered and fertilized several times per season, then you can get a fairly high yield - about 25 potatoes will ripen in each bush. The variety tolerates drought well, resists various diseases and is not of great interest to insect pests.
"Luck"
Potatoes are the fruit of the labor of Russian breeders, they are perfectly adapted to the local climate, they are not pretentious to the composition of the soil.
Taste characteristics are good, the aroma is pleasant, the pulp is boiled, snow-white.
Bushes bloom in large inflorescences, well branched, are tall. The tubers themselves are also large, round, beautiful. The productivity of the variety is high, the potatoes are resistant to high and low temperatures.
"Adretta"
A variety of German selection, has a good yield and excellent taste. Potato belongs to mid-season varieties (ripens by the 80th day after germination), zoned for central Russia.
Potatoes are oval, beige in color, with slightly flaky peel. Plants are resistant to viruses, cope well with temperature extremes and difficult climatic conditions.
In each hole, with proper care, you can find up to ten root vegetables. Potatoes are perfect for long-term storage in cellars and basements.
Outcomes
Almost all modern varieties of potatoes have excellent taste, and with proper care they give equally high yields. It is necessary to choose a variety based on personal needs, taking into account the ability of tubers for long-term storage, the size of the potatoes or the level of starch and carbohydrates in the fruits (that is, the variability and nutritional value of root crops).
