Content
All gardeners know that cucumbers are divided into several types according to the method of pollination. Bee-pollinated varieties grow well in temperate climates outdoors. For them, sudden cold snaps are dangerous, which make insects disappear for a while. But more and more questions are associated with the cultivation of these varieties in greenhouses. As you know, insects are difficult to lure into greenhouse... Is there an opportunity to grow a rich harvest of such varieties in greenhouses? Let's talk about this in more detail.
Pollination methods for cucumbers
To understand how the pollination process takes place, it is enough to recall a few paragraphs of a botany textbook. Cucumber flowers are divided into two types:
- female;
- male.
They participate in pollination, without which it is impossible to get a rich harvest. The ovary is formed when male plant cells hit the female, and this plant cycle is extremely important. Breeders also propose to achieve pollination in a different way, without the participation of male-type flowers. Thus, according to the method of pollination, today we can divide all cucumbers into three types:
- pollinated by insects (mainly bees);
- self-pollinated;
- parthenocarpic.
Can be ranked as parthenocarpic and self-pollinated varieties, the meaning will not change from this. In such hybrids, either predominantly female flowers will be present, or the flower will simultaneously have both a pistil and a stamen.
Bee-pollinated cucumbers can only be pollinated naturally, which limits their cultivation in greenhouses. Yes, it is possible, but it will take a little more effort and time from the gardener. But these varieties have a number of advantages.
Benefits of bee pollinated cucumbers
Today, the choice of seeds is based on:
- taste;
- pollination method;
- ripening rate;
- the yield of the variety.
And if during the formation of the ovary parthenocarpic hybrids are very capricious with temperature changes, then this factor does not play a role for bee-pollinated ones. One "but": a temporary cold snap can scare away insects. If the pollination process went smoothly, then the plants pollinated by insects will give a large harvest.
Growing in a greenhouse
Consider the possibility of growing exactly bee-pollinated varieties of cucumbers in a greenhouse. Not everyone knows that this process is quite possible, although it can be fraught with a number of problems. However, our gardener is not afraid of difficulties!
Considering all phases of the process from planting seeds to harvesting, it should be noted that the most important stage will be the process of pollination.
Greenhouse pollination process
Experienced gardeners know what to achieve pollination in the greenhouse in two ways (unless, of course, self-pollinated varieties are planted):
- With the help of insects.
- With the help of artificial pollination.
If the weather is warm and sunny, the doors of the greenhouse are thrown open, attracting bees - this is the first method. And if it is very doubtful, then the second is preferable. It is difficult to attract insects to the greenhouse. They are reluctant to fly even wide open doors. Moreover, even if a few bees get inside, no one can guarantee that they will do their job perfectly. Therefore, they often resort to the second method. Cucumbers will yield a rich harvest if done correctly.
A bit of theory
So, as mentioned earlier, flowers are divided into male and female.In order to carry out artificial pollination, you need to take a paintbrush and spend a sufficient amount of time.
Learn in advance to distinguish two inflorescences from each other. This is very easy to do. The photo below shows two flowers, and it immediately catches the eye, what is the difference between them.
- Male-type flowers are usually found in the leaf axils at the bottom of the plant and grow in groups;
- female flowers grow separately, under each of them you can see a small ovary, similar to a small cucumber.
For clarity, we suggest watching a short video. It will help you finally understand how to distinguish one species from another.
Detailed job description
The essence of the process of pollination in a greenhouse is reduced to the transfer of pollen from a male flower to a female one to obtain an ovary. This is done with a simple paint brush. You can use a soft toothbrush or a cotton swab - whichever is more convenient, however, brushing is simple and reliable.
You can also pick a male flower, carefully remove the corolla (petals), leaving the stamen open. Then, with simple movements, the pollen from the stamens is transferred to the stigmas of the pistils of female flowers. In no case should you remove female flowers, since it is from them that bee-pollinated cucumbers are obtained.
The video shows the process of such work in sufficient detail.
Possible problems
Things may not always go smoothly. Remember that bee-pollinated cucumbers, regardless of the variety, need both male and female flowers. Sometimes it happens that the men have already grown up, and the women did not have time to take shape. There is a real problem called barren flowers.
It is possible and necessary to deal with this problem! Cucumber flowers open only for a day, and pollination must be done as soon as possible. Barren flowers can be caused by:
- poor quality of purchased seeds;
- improper cultivation (cucumbers love moisture, sun and heat);
- lack of feeding;
- refusal to pinch;
- incorrect selection of varietal seeds on their own.
If you buy seeds from a store, give preference to trusted producers. If you are self-selecting seeds, remember:
- it will not be possible to get a new high-quality crop from hybrids;
- it is necessary to be able to distinguish male fruits of cucumbers from female ones.
The female cucumber of any variety has four chambers with seeds, while the male cucumber has three. In order for the harvest to be of high quality, the seeds must lie down for at least 2-3 years before planting.
If you create the correct climatic conditions for the seedlings, pinch and fertilize in time, the barren flower will not threaten you.
Topping
Regardless of whether you grow bee-pollinated cucumbers in the open field or in a greenhouse, it is necessary to give an impetus to the growth of side shoots. This rule applies to both early and late varieties. The difference in the procedure is insignificant:
- for early varieties, pinch the main shoot through 8-10 leaves;
- for late varieties it is necessary to do this after 6-8 leaves.
Additionally, you will remove dense growth and allow the plant to give all its strength to the offspring, which is also a big plus.
Bee-pollinated varieties for greenhouses
Among the bee-pollinated varieties there are those that are very loved by gardeners. Try to plant such cucumbers in the greenhouse and go through the whole process from start to finish. Let's take a look at several varieties that are considered bestsellers:
- early ripe variety "Competitor" (you can get offspring from it yourself);
- early ripening hybrid "Goosebump";
- hybrid "Spring";
- ultra-early ripening hybrid "Ajax".
We have included them in a small comparison table for detailed review. Check it out.
Variety / hybrid | Purpose | Description of the fetus | Fruiting period | Yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Competitor | fresh, salted and for canning | Zelenets 10-12 centimeters in length with a weight of up to 130 grams | early variety, no more than 50 days | about 4 kilograms per sq. meter (subject to the landing pattern) |
Goosebump | fresh, salted and for canning | greenery 10-15 centimeters in length with a mass of no more than 100 grams | early variety, 43-45 days | one plant gives 6-7 kilograms |
Fontanelle | fresh, salted and for canning | zelenets weighs on average 100 grams, has a length of 10-12 centimeters | mid-season variety, fruiting after 52 days | up to 23 kilograms per sq. meter (subject to the landing pattern) |
Ajax | fresh, salted and for canning | weight is no more than 100 grams, length is 6-12 centimeters | fruiting occurs after 40 days, rarely - after 50 | up to 10 kilograms per sq. meter (subject to the landing pattern) |
Conclusion
Growing bee-pollinated cucumbers on your own in a greenhouse is a lot of work that will certainly be rewarded with a rich harvest. Cucumbers have always been the number one vegetable in Russia, their popularity only grows every year. Of course, with parthenocarpic varieties it will be a little easier, but what to choose in the end is up to you.
