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Cereals cover large areas. The production of cereals and bread and flour is impossible without them. They form the basis of animal feed. It is very important to protect them from diseases and to reap a decent harvest, to create food reserves. Fungicides help with this.
Why are fungicides needed
Most often, cereal crops are harmed by parasitic fungi. Not only does the harvest decrease, the grain becomes poisonous to humans, causing serious illness and poisoning. The following diseases are considered the most dangerous.
- Smut. It is caused by basidiomycetes. Rye, wheat, barley, millet, oats are affected by them. In case of severe damage, the crop is almost completely lost.
- Ergot. Caused by fungi from the genus Ascomycetes. Instead of grains, black-purple horns are formed on the ears, representing the sclerotia of the fungus. If such grain is ingested, it causes serious poisoning, sometimes even fatal.
In Europe and Russia there were many cases of diseases, which sometimes took the form of an epidemic. - Fusarium. Caused by fungi from the genus fusarium. It can be distinguished by its pink bloom, which is the mycelium. Bread baked from grain affected by Fusarium is called drunk, as it causes poisoning similar to drunkenness.
- Rust. It does not affect the grain itself, but significantly harms all vegetative organs of cereal crops. The process of photosynthesis in them slows down and there is no need to wait for a good harvest.
- Root rot. Outwardly, they are almost invisible, but they damage plants from the family of cereals very much. Root rot is caused by the same fungi.
There are many other diseases of cereals that are fungal in nature.
Fungicides will help to cope with fungal diseases.
Views
These antifungal agents are classified according to their mode of action. Important! When choosing a fungicide, you need to remember that fungi are not only on the surface of the plant, but also inside it.
- Contact. They are not able to penetrate into the plant, nor to spread through it. Contact fungicides work only at the points of application. They are easily washed off by sediments, repeated re-treatment of plants will be required. For humans, they are less dangerous than systemic fungicides.
- Systemic fungicides. They are able to penetrate into the plant and spread through the vessels. Their action is quite long, but the harm to humans is much greater. For grain treated with a systemic fungicide to become safe, the drug must be deactivated. Most often, this period is up to 2 months.
Composition and properties of the drug Triada
The new drug Triad, created using nanotechnology, belongs to systemic fungicides. It is produced by the closed joint-stock company Agrokhim in the city of Shchelkovo. The drug was registered at the very end of 2015.
This fungicide has a self-explanatory name. The triad consists of 3 main active components:
- propiconazole at a concentration of 140 g per liter;
- tebuconazole at a concentration of 140 g / l;
- epoxiconazole at a concentration of 72 g / l.
Nano-formulation of 3 triazoles allowed to create a preparation with unique fungicidal and growth-stimulating properties.
- Fungicide Triad enhances the processes of photosynthesis in plants.
- The conductivity of the vessels improves, which makes it possible to improve the supply of nutrition from the root system to the leaf apparatus.
- The balance of growth hormones is normalized, which speeds up the movement of nutrients to the vegetative organs.
- The root system and vegetative mass grows better.
- The growing season is increasing
- The grain ripens faster and is of better quality.
- The harvest is increasing.
- The adaptability of plants to unfavorable climatic and weather factors improves.
- The preparation adheres perfectly to the leaves and is resistant to washing off.
- There is no resistance to the Triad fungicide.
- The colloidal formulation is perfectly absorbed by all vegetative parts of the plant, quickly spreading through them. Thanks to this, it is possible to destroy pathogenic bacteria and fungi even inside seeds and grains.
Mechanism of action
Triazoles inhibit styrene biosynthesis by decreasing the cellular permeability of the pathogen membrane. The cells stop reproducing because they cannot build membranes, and the pathogen dies.
What diseases is active against
The triad is used to process barley, spring and winter wheat, rye and soybeans. The drug is effective for the following fungal diseases:
- powdery mildew;
- all types of rust;
- septoria;
- rhynchosporia;
- various spots.
How and when to process
The fungicide triad, the instructions for the use of which are quite simple, does not require a large number of treatments. For Fusarium spike, wheat is sprayed at the end of earing or at the beginning of flowering. One hectare consumes from 200 to 300 liters of working fluid. To prepare it, you need only 0.6 liters of the Triad fungicide. One treatment is enough.
For all other fungal diseases, grain crops are sprayed with the Triad fungicide during the growing season; one hectare of crops will require from 200 to 400 liters of working fluid. To prepare it, you will need to consume from 0.5 to 0.6 liters of fungicide. The multiplicity of processing is 2 times. A month should pass before harvesting from the last spraying.
Soybeans are processed once in the budding phase or at the beginning of flowering, spending 200 to 400 liters of working fluid per hectare, prepared from 0.5-0.6 liters of the Triad fungicide.
A windless day without rain is suitable for processing. The temperature range in which the Triad is effective is from 10 to 25 degrees Celsius.
The time of the protective action of the Triad fungicide preparation on all crops is 40 days.
Release form
Fungicide Triad is produced in polyethylene cans with a capacity of 5 and 10 liters. The drug can be stored for 3 years in a special room designed for storage of fungicides and pesticides. The temperature in it should not be below minus 10 degrees and above plus 35 degrees.
What drugs can be combined with
Fungicide Triad gives good effectiveness without additional means of protection. If necessary, you can make tank mixtures with other fungicides. Before that, it is necessary to check them for physical and chemical compatibility.
The use of the fungicide Triad requires compliance with all precautions:
- you need to wear special clothing and gloves;
- use a respirator;
- do not eat or smoke during processing;
- afterwards, rinse your mouth and wash your hands and face with soap.
Benefits
With a low concentration of active ingredients, the drug has a number of advantages.
- Thanks to propiconazole, the amount of chloroplasts in cereals increases, and the quality of chlorophyll improves, which increases photosynthesis and promotes the growth of vegetative mass.
- Tebuconazole inhibits the production of ethylene in the leaf apparatus, thereby prolonging the growing season.
- Epoxiconazole works the fastest by stopping the progression of the disease. It enhances the effectiveness of the remaining azoles. It is his merit in increasing the resistance of grain crops to stressful situations. They tolerate drought without any problems. Epoxiconazole stimulates photosynthesis in plants, the flow of juices through the vessels, increasing the amount of growth hormones. As a result, this increases the yield.
The advantages of the drug can also be attributed to the fact that fungal organisms are not addictive to it.
The price for the drug Triad is quite high, due to the complexity of manufacturing and the technologies used. Nevertheless, many large farms are switching to its use. The reason is the highest efficiency of the fungicide.
