Content
- 1 Description and characteristics of the perennial sunflower flower
- 2 Types and varieties of Sunflower
- 3 Reproduction methods
- 4 Planting and caring for a flower Sunflower
- 5 Pests and diseases
- 6 Stone flower in landscape design
- 7 Sunflower Monofilament - what they are treated with
- 8 Conclusion
- 9 Reviews about the Sunflower
The Sunflower flower got its name due to the curious property of its delicate buds to open with the rising of the sun and crumble at the same time as darkness falls. Heliantemum is a beautifully blooming ground cover spread throughout the world. Not all of the many species of this plant found in the wild have taken root in cultural gardening, however, based on those chosen by breeders and designers, a significant number of varieties have been bred, impressive in a variety of shapes and colors. The sunflower does not impose special requirements on environmental conditions: it often grows successfully and blooms even without special care. However, given his modest needs, the heliantemum will undoubtedly be grateful. You can easily get a charming and delicate garden decoration with bright sunny flowers, which will perfectly fit into the design of any corner of paradise.
Description and characteristics of the perennial sunflower flower
Sunflower, or heliantemum, is a numerous genus of the Cistus family, uniting about 80 plant species. Its representatives can be found in the coastal and mountainous regions of both American continents, in the Mediterranean part of Europe, in the south and in the center of Asia, in North Africa.
Sunflowers are annuals and perennials, shrubs and herbaceous plants. Heliantemums are united by belonging to the evergreen representatives of the flora, growing easily and quickly.
Bright, beautifully blooming heliantemum grows quickly, is frost-resistant and unpretentious
Long stems of flowers are either straight, spreading, or creeping along the ground. Their surface is slightly pubescent. The size of the shoots of heliantemum varies between 10-45 cm.
Flower leaves are simple, oval or slightly elongated, their edges are usually slightly curved downward. The plates are located oppositely on the shoots. Depending on the type and variety of heliantemum, the leaves can be colored in all shades of green and look very decorative.
Sunflower inflorescences usually have a complex brush shape, however, there are also simple single flowers. Each of them consists of 5 separate petals. The color palette of heliantemum flowers is very rich. You can find all shades of yellow, white, pink, orange, blue, blue and lilac tones. In the middle of each flower there are many bright yellow stamens. There is no pronounced aroma in heliantemum.However, the bright color of the flower corolla and the large amount of pollen attract bumblebees, bees and other pollinating insects.
The bloom of heliantemum is abundant and lasts for a total of 30-35 days. Its period depends on what kind of weather prevails in summer. In the hot, sunny season, the buds of heliantemum will begin to appear and open early - in the first half of it. If summer is cool and rainy, then flowers should be expected not earlier than July-August.
The fruit of heliantemum is an upper one- or three-celled capsule containing a large number of small seeds.
Monofilament sunflower - one of the types of heliantemum, which are usually used in ornamental gardening
Types and varieties of Sunflower
Of the whole variety of sunflower species, only a few are used in ornamental gardening. However, on their basis, many varieties of heliantemum have been bred, providing a rich choice of shoot length, shapes and colors of flowers and leaves.
Monet Sunflower
For a monotonous, monotonous or ordinary sunflower (lat.Helianthemum nummilarium, aka vulgare), the form of a semi-shrub with dense pubescent, spreading, highly branching stems about 40-45 cm high is characteristic.In the wild, this flower is found on the Mediterranean coast. The upper side of the oval leaf blades of this heliantemum is dark green, the lower side is grayish, covered with nap. The flowers of the monotonous sunflower are combined into one-sided clusters of up to 12 pieces each. This is a hardy species that does not need shelter for the winter.
Henfield brilliant
The monofilament sunflower variety Henfield Brilliant is the recipient of the prestigious Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain. Plant height 15-20 cm. Lushly growing dense shrub forms a picturesque floral carpet from late spring to mid-summer. The leaves of this sunflower are dark, silvery-green in color. The flowers are about 3 cm in diameter. The petals are rich orange, yellow stamens are clearly visible against their background. Each bud of this heliantemum opens for only one day, but a very large number of them are formed, which allows flowering to last for a long time.
Henfield Brilliant - Winner of the AGM Award of the Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain
Cerise queen
The length of the shoots of the variety of the sunflower monetaceous Seriz Queen (Cherry Queen) averages from 10 to 25 cm. The foliage is shiny, rich green color. Double flowers, bright red. Among the advantages of this sunflower is the ability to tolerate strong temperature fluctuations well.
Serise Queen is a terry heliantemum who is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature
Belgravia rose
The sunflower of the monotonous Belgravia Rose has long (15-20 cm) dense shoots, gray-green leaves and bright cherry-pink flowers resembling poppy heads in shape. The color of their petals is usually darker in the central part, but becomes lighter at the edges. This variety of sunflower tolerates drought well. However, the flower looks best if it is watered from time to time during the hottest periods of summer.
Delicate Belgravia Rose is actually very hardy and drought tolerant.
Apennine sunflower
The homeland of the Apennine sunflower (Latin Helianthemum apenninum) is Asia Minor and the southwest of the European continent. The bushes of this heliantemum are usually of medium size (20-25 cm). Leaves are small, up to 1 cm long, elongated, lanceolate, pubescent on the back. The racemose inflorescences unite small buds about 1.5-2 cm in diameter. This heliantemum usually blooms in May-June.
Wisley pink
The most popular variety of the pink variety of the Apennine sunflower is Wisley Pink. It is distinguished by dense leaves of a pale gray and green color. The flowers are pale pinkish, appear in late spring or early summer. This sunflower looks very beautiful, growing among stones or planted in containers.
The Apennine Wisley Pink sunflower looks very decorative against the background of stones
Alpine sunflower
In the wild, the Alpine sunflower (Latin Helianthemum alpestre) can be found in the mountainous regions of the Pyrenees and the Balkans. Its shoots do not grow higher than 10 cm. The leaves of this heliantemum are tiny, only about 0.7 cm long. The plant forms undersized lush rugs covered with pale yellow flowers. The period of their appearance is from early to mid-summer.
Alpine sunflower bushes for the winter must be covered
Moonflower sunflower
Under natural conditions, the moon-shaped sunflower (Latin Helianthemum lunulatum) grows on the dry, rocky landscapes of the Maritime Alps. This shrub is considered partly deciduous. Its straight branches eventually grow up to 25 cm and become spreading. The leaves are small, elongated, gray-green. Heliantemum flowers have a bright yellow color with an orange crescent-like spot at the base. Their size is 1.5 cm across. Flowers are formed in the first half of summer.
Lunar sunflower refers to partially deciduous plants
Arctic sunflower
The arctic sunflower (lat.Helianthemum arcticum) is a species currently recognized as endangered. Listed in the Red Book. In nature, it grows exclusively on the territory of Russia, in the Murmansk region, along the sea coast. This sunflower is a densely branching semi-shrub, the length of the shoots of which ranges from 10 to 40 cm. The color of the stems varies from green to purple, in the lower part they become woody. The complex inflorescences of the arctic heliantemum usually combine 3 to 6 golden-yellow flowers, each of which reaches about 2.5 cm in diameter. The period of their appearance is July.
A rare arctic sunflower grows only in Russia and is listed in the Red Book
Hybrid sunflower
The species Sunflower hybrid (Helianthemum x hybridum) combines a large number of varieties obtained as a result of crossing the Apennine and monotonous heliantemums. Usually these are shrubs 20-40 cm tall, forming dense rugs or low cushions on the soil with numerous single flowers and green foliage. Most often, it is the hybrid sunflower that can be seen in flower beds in garden plots. It should be remembered that many varieties of this heliantemum need dry shelter for the winter.
Amy baring
The Amy Baring hybrid sunflower variety appeared in Scotland in the 1920s. Shoots of this plant form wide rugs up to 12 cm in height. The leaves of this sunflower are narrow, elliptical in shape. The flowers are colored deep yellow with an orange central part. They appear in late spring.
Homeland hybrid sunflower Amy Baring - Scotland
Ben affleck
The Ben Affleck sunflower looks very elegant: its silvery-gray leaves serve as a picturesque backdrop for bright rich yellow or dark orange flowers with an orange center. The flowering period of this heliantemum occurs twice: in May-June and in September.
Ben Affleck can bloom twice per season
Wisley white
Trembling white flowers of heliantemum variety Wisley White with pale yellow centers justify another popular name for this plant - "tender". Its shoots are usually 25 cm long. The foliage of this heliantemum is colored silvery green. The budding period lasts from May to July. After its completion, the heliantemum needs careful pruning.
Delicate Whisley White requires pruning at the end of the flowering period
Raspberry Ripple
The original color of the sunflower hybrid Raspberry Ripple really resembles crimson stains applied with watercolor paint.The delicate pink shade of the petals of its flowers darkens, filling with a bright blush, in places, closer to the edges, fades almost to milky white. Shoots covered with gray-green elongated foliage usually grow up to 15-30 cm. This heliantemum blooms in late spring and lasts until mid-summer.
The Raspberry Ripple color scheme resembles the stains made with crimson watercolor paint
Jubilee
Terry lemon-yellow flowers of the beauty Jubilee look extremely decorative against the background of light green foliage. The height of the stems is 20-25 cm. Heliantemum Jubili blooms in late spring and early summer.
Jubilee's lemon yellow flowers have a double texture
The bride
The charming Ze Bride (Bride) catches the eye with creamy flowers with a golden "eye" in the center, making up an excellent ensemble with silvery-gray leaves. The height of its stems is about 20 cm. It blooms throughout the summer. This heliantemum looks great in rockeries against the background of decorative stones.
The Bride's cream inflorescences sparkle with a golden spot in the middle
Reproduction methods
Sowing of seeds is considered to be the most popular method of reproduction of the species sunflower. Hybrid forms of heliantemum of the first series are often cuttings, since it is this method that allows you to fully preserve all the characteristics that the mother plant possesses. It is also not difficult to propagate an adult sunflower by rooting cuttings.
Growing a Sunflower from seeds
Most often, the sunflower is grown from seeds in a seedling way, however, in a milder, warmer climate, seedless is also used. In the first case, strong grown seedlings have the opportunity to better root in the ground. The advantage of the second is the absence of the need for a flower transplant: the heliantemum is difficult to tolerate this procedure.
Layers
Sunflower propagation by layering is performed in the spring. The developed shoot is gently tilted, pressed to the surface of the ground and sprinkled with soil, leaving the upper part free. Layers of heliantemum are regularly watered and monitored. By autumn, the nodes of the sunflower shoot should take root. After that, the layers can be separated and transplanted to a new location. It is imperative to keep a clod of earth on the roots of the flower.
Cuttings
To reproduce the sunflower by cuttings, the apical shoots without flowers are cut off by about 10 cm from the plant. They are placed in a container filled with peat or sand, under a transparent plastic or film cover. The soil under the improvised "greenhouse" is kept moist and from time to time condensed moisture is removed. After new leaves appear on the cuttings of the heliantemum, they can be considered accustomed and planted in open ground.
Planting and caring for a flower Sunflower
The sunflower is unpretentious - usually this flower grows quickly and easily. Compliance with the simple rules of planting and caring for heliantemum seedlings will help create optimal conditions for them, thereby maintaining the plants in excellent shape and allowing them to remain decorative for a long time.
When growing a sunflower from seeds, it should be remembered that it does not tolerate transplanting very well.
Sowing and planting dates in open ground
Sowing sunflower seeds for seedlings is usually performed in early March. It is taken into account that the germination period for this flower is quite long and takes about 4 weeks in total. In this case, the transfer of grown and matured plants to a permanent place in the garden can be carried out in late spring or early summer.
Sowing seeds of heliantemum directly into open ground should not be earlier than the first decade of May.It is imperative to wait until warm weather has finally settled on the street (at night the air temperature should not drop below + 14 ° C).
Sowing seeds for seedlings
Since any transplant invariably weakens the root system of a sunflower, peat pots or tablets, or individual cups are the best options for germinating seedlings of this flower. 2-3 seeds of heliantemum are sown in one container.
They do it like this:
- moisturize well and slightly loosen the substrate;
- spread sunflower seeds on the surface;
- lightly cover them on top with a thin layer of sand;
- once again moisten the planting from the spray bottle;
- cover containers with transparent film or glass;
- transferred to a warm (+ 18-24 ° C), well-lit place with diffused light;
- provide the heliantemum with daily ventilation and regular gentle watering.
After the emergence of flower shoots, the "greenhouse" is removed, and the temperature is somewhat lowered (+ 15-16 ° C will be enough).
Care for the sprouts of heliantemum at this stage is reduced to moderate watering as the soil dries up and the systematic careful loosening of the soil surface near the seedlings.
When the seedlings grow up, it will need to be thinned out, cutting off the weakest shoots in each pot at the base and leaving one of the strongest and strongest flower.
For 1.5-2 weeks before transferring to open ground, the seedlings of heliantemum will need to be hardened. For this, sunflower seedlings begin to be carried out into the open air in calm, windless weather. Initially, they are left in such conditions for a couple of hours, but every day the time spent by flower seedlings on the loggia or in the yard is increased, gradually bringing it to a whole day.
Sunflower fruit - box with small seeds
Site and soil preparation
The plot in the garden where it is planned to place a flower bed with a sunflower must meet the following requirements:
- well lit by the sun;
- be protected from strong winds, drafts and rain;
- have a loose, well-drained soil with a neutral or alkaline reaction.
Transplanting
Planting sunflower seedlings in the ground takes place according to the following rules:
- In the prepared area, holes are dug at a distance of at least 30 cm from each other. Their depth should be such that it is easy to place a peat pot with heliantemum roots.
- Immediately before planting, the bushes of sunflower seedlings are well watered.
- Set peat pots with flowers in the pits, carefully fill the empty spaces with soil.
- Lightly tamp the surface of the earth around the stems of the sunflower.
- Heliantemum is watered abundantly.
Aftercare and winter preparation
Caring for the sunflower growing on the site is extremely simple. Basic Rules:
- Watering heliantemum is carried out only in summer, during long dry periods. For this, it is advisable to use settled water slightly warmed up in the sun. In spring and autumn, heliantemum, as a rule, has enough moisture, which is provided by natural precipitation.
- A sunflower growing on nutritious soil does not need additional feeding. If necessary, before the beginning of the flowering period, a little organic matter can be added to the soil in liquid form. However, it must be remembered that in the case of an excess of nutrients, the sunflower will begin to grow shoots and foliage to the detriment of flowers.
- To maintain its decorative appearance, the heliantemum must be regularly trimmed. About a month after the first buds have appeared, shoots with wilted inflorescences should be shortened by about 1/3. This procedure will also facilitate the formation of new helianthemum flowers.
The area in the garden where the sunflower grows must be well lit
Most species of sunflower have good winter hardiness and do not need shelter for the winter in temperate latitudes. However, in some cases, you should provide the flower with additional protection. It is necessary:
- alpine heliantemum;
- some varieties of hybrid sunflower, especially with red flowers and silvery leaves.
Pests and diseases
The sunflower is ill infrequently. Of the most common problems that can affect the health of heliantemum, the following should be named:
- Powdery mildew... Waterlogging often contributes to the development of this disease - excessive watering of the sunflower or a prolonged period of rains. It manifests itself in the form of a whitish bloom on the leaves, petioles, young shoots of heliantemum and gradually affects the entire plant. The organs begin to rot, the flower quickly dies. It is necessary to cut and destroy the affected parts of the sunflower, try to establish an irrigation regime. For the treatment of powdery mildew, you will need to treat the plantings of heliantemum with biofungicides 2 or 3 times with an interval of 10 days. From folk remedies, it is recommended to use an infusion of rotten hay, in particular, in a rainy season for preventive purposes.
Powdery mildew can quickly infect the aerial organs of plants when waterlogged
- Septoria... It manifests itself in the form of numerous brown spots on the leaf blades of the sunflower. Treatment of flower plantings with Bordeaux liquid (1%) is effective against this fungal disease. First, it is necessary to cut and burn all the affected leaves of the heliantemum.
Septoriosis appears as brown spots on the leaves of the plant.
- Aphids and thrips... These pests feed on sunflower juice and can quickly destroy the entire planting. Against them, it is recommended to use spraying flowers with soapy water with the addition of wood ash. Chemical insecticides (in particular, Fitoverm) are highly effective in the fight against these insects.
Thrips, like aphids, feed on plant juices
Stone flower in landscape design
The unpretentious, fast-growing and extremely decorative ground cover, heliantemum, is widely used in landscape design. Examples of using sunflower flowers to decorate a garden are shown in the photo:
Heliantemum is an excellent element for creating beautiful coverage on stony or bare areas
Bright sunflower looks advantageous in the foreground of almost any flower garden
This flower is a real find for decorating picturesque borders along garden paths.
Sunflower goes well with stones in rockeries, on alpine hills, feels great on various talus and slopes
Heliantemum easily gets along with many drought-resistant perennials - stonecrops, decorative grasses, allium, sage, lavender, veronica, bells, flax
As a container plant, sunflower also does great
Sunflower Monofilament - what they are treated with
The monochromatic sunflower is considered a medicinal plant and is actively used in folk medicine. It is believed that its stems, flowers and leaves have healing properties.
Infusion of sunflower herb is used:
- in the form of lotions as a wound healing agent;
- with dysentery;
- with colitis as an astringent;
- to get rid of the effects of stress, panic, solving problems with sleep;
- as an antiepileptic drug.
Conclusion
The bright and beautiful Sunflower flower is a wonderful and unpretentious decoration of the garden. A rapidly growing ground cover perennial is undemanding to care for, resistant to heat and frost, and grows easily on all kinds of slopes and rocky soils. Heliantemum is charming during the flowering period, lasting about a month, and often longer, and very decorative the rest of the time, representing a lush rug of dense gray-green foliage.This is a real find for landscape designers and a wonderful choice for someone who has just begun to comprehend the intricacies of gardening, but at the same time wants his site to look elegant and original.
Reviews about the Sunflower
