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Spring treatment plums for the control of diseases and pests are an indispensable element of the care of these fruit trees. It is necessary to correctly determine the time and frequency of spraying, carefully select preparations, taking into account some popular advice - and then the trees will delight you with healthy and beautiful, as well as safe for eating fruits.
Spring processing of plums from pests and diseases: goals and objectives
In the spring, special attention should be paid to sanitary measures in the garden. First of all, this is the preventive treatment of plums, among other trees, from the most common diseases, as well as the destruction of overwintered pests and their larvae. It is in the spring that the foundation for the future harvest is laid, and the competent actions of the gardener will be the key to its health and abundance.
When to spray plums
It is customary to adhere to the following scheme for treating plums from diseases and pests in the spring:
- in March - before the sap begins to actively move in the trunks and branches of trees;
- in April, at the stage of the appearance of flower buds;
- in Maywhen the plant has already faded.
How many times to spray the plum
It should be borne in mind that preparations for the treatment of plums are used at different intervals:
- some of them (mainly those that are directed against various diseases - Bordeaux liquid, Kartotsid, Kuprozan, Khomycin), it is enough to apply in the spring once at a specified time;
- plum treatment with other drugs - mainly those that oppose pests (Inta-Vir, karbofos) - must be repeated after a certain time;
- plum processing copper sulfate carried out systematically at all stages of preventive tree protection in spring.
A weak concentration of the drug will not give the desired effect. By treating the plum with a too concentrated solution, you can, on the contrary, seriously harm the plant, up to the appearance of a chemical burn.
How to process plums in spring: disease prevention
In order for the measures to treat plums in the spring from diseases and pests to be effective, it is important to choose the right drugs and spray the trees with them at the specified time.
How to process a plum before flowering
It is recommended to spray plums before flowering:
- copper sulfate (1% solution) to resist gummosis;
- Bordeaux liquid (3% solution) in order to combat moniliosis, marsupial disease;
- Inta-Virom (1 tablet per 10 liters of water) or the drug "30 plus" (according to the instructions) from silkworms and aphids;
- karbofos (80 g per 10 l of water) for pest control.
How to spray a plum during flowering
When the flowers bloom, the treatment of plums from a number of dangerous diseases will be effective - moniliosis, clotterosporia, marsupial disease.For this, one of the options is perfect:
- copper sulfate (dissolve 100 g in 10 liters of water);
- Khomycin;
- Kartocide;
- Kuprozan.
How to process a plum after flowering
Processing plums after flowering involves spraying:
- Inta-Virom (in the proportion indicated above) against the silkworm;
- Decis (2 ml per 10 liters of water) or karbofos (diluted in the same way as for treating plums before flowering) from a number of pests;
- copper sulfate against gummosis (reprocessing).
How to spray a plum in the spring from pests
Now you need to take a closer look at how to deal with pests on a plum in the spring, using examples of the most common of them.
How to process plum from worms in fruits
"Wormy" plum fruits, spoiled from the inside, are a common problem caused by a number of pests: apple honeydew, aphids, thickfoot, fruit moth.
How to protect the plum in the spring from the moth and sawflies, which are especially successful in this field, is worth a separate conversation, although some general measures against worms in fruits are also effective against them.
To combat these pests, it is advised:
- in early spring, before flowering, process the plum with solutions of nitrate and karbofos;
- if for any reason this period was missed, you can treat the trees immediately after flowering with systemic preparations containing copper, and directed against all lepidoptera and their larvae (Khomus or Oksikhom with the addition of Inta-Vira);
- a good result can be achieved using formulations that include durspan, zolone, phosphamide or metathione.
How to spray plum from worms: folk remedies
There are also folk recipes for compounds that can be used to treat plums in the spring from worms without using chemicals:
- Yarrow (2.5 kg of fresh leaves, stems, flowers) should be chopped, pour 10 liters of water and boiled for half an hour. Dissolve laundry soap (about 20 g) in the strained cooled broth. Shake well and spray the trees.
- Wormwood herb (1 kg) pour water (1l). Insist 1 day. Strain, re-dilute with an equal volume of water and process the plum.
- Prepare and use in the same way infusion of tops or stepchildren of tomatoes (only initially, for 1 kg of plant material, you need to take 5 liters of water).
- Dry tobacco shag powder (400 g) it is recommended to pour 10 liters of hot water and stand for a day. Strain the composition, add water, bringing the volume to 10 liters. Mix with laundry soap (50 g). Sprinkle the plum against the pests.
- Onion peel (200 g) soak in water and leave for half a day. Mix 200 g of minced garlic cloves with the same amount of shag and add to the prepared husk. Pour 10 liters of water, boil for 2 hours. Cool and drain. Add water so that the volume of the broth is ultimately 10 liters. Stir in 100 g of grated soap, then you can process the plum.
Plum processing from the moth
The common moth is a small gray butterfly with a brownish tint, resembling a house moth, but slightly larger. Active emergence in spring begins immediately after the end of the flowering period of plum trees. The female lays eggs at twilight, one piece per ovary - similarly, one butterfly can spoil up to fifty fruits.
The hatched small caterpillars are off-white at first, but gradually change to red.They make their way into the fruit (a drop of gum can be seen at the point of penetration), damage the bone and eat away the flesh around it, filling the formed passages with the products of their vital activity. As a result, the fruits lose their presentation, rot and fall off en masse.
The processing time of plums from the moth in the spring coincides with the beginning of summer of the first butterflies. During this period, it is recommended to hang bait in the crowns of trees - jars of sweet fermented compote or kvass, opening them in the evening, and in the morning removing caught insects.
At this stage, it is advised to spray the plum from the moth with pyrmetroids (Permethrin, Cypermethrin) and neonicotinoids (Calypso, Aktara, Mospilan). These drugs can be combined so that they enhance the effect of each other. After three weeks, plum processing is recommended to be repeated with a new combination of drugs.
In the spring, it is also advisable to periodically fumigate the garden at night or at dusk with the smoke of smoldering straw mixed with the tops of potatoes, tomatoes, or wormwood grass (a couple of hours at a time).
In the fall, it is required to dig up the near-trunk circle and remove the shoots, during the ripening period, remove the carrion from under the trees, later - the fallen leaves. Preventive measures taken in the spring are the most effective way to prevent mass destruction by this pest.
Plum protection from sawfly
The yellow plum sawfly is a tiny (up to half a centimeter in size) brown-yellow "fly" with transparent wings. The pest's years in spring begin before the flowers open. Each female lays 50-60 eggs in flower buds. The hatched larvae eat the ovaries - each of them is capable of destroying up to 5 fruits during its life cycle.
The black sawfly is a pest that looks like a yellow one, but has a black body and wings. Its larvae (about 30 individuals from 1 female) feed on plum pulp, damaging the bone as well. When the damaged fruit falls from the branch, the larva moves to the ground and pupates.
Plum processing in the spring from the sawfly implies an emphasis on biological products (Lepitocid, Entobacterin).
In the event that the lesion is very strong, then the plum will have to be treated with organophosphate pesticides (karbofos, metaphos, etc.) in the spring from the plum sawfly. However, one should not forget that these substances are toxic, although effective, so ideally it is better to do without without them.
Useful information on how and what you can do to treat plums from pests can be obtained by watching the video
https://youtu.be/MkR6wmLXpKo
How to treat a flowering plum from pests
It should be remembered that during the flowering period, the treatment of plums from pests with chemicals is excluded. To attract beneficial pollinating insects, you can sprinkle the crown of a tree with honey diluted in water (30 g per 10 l), and in order to improve the general condition of the plant, add a micronutrient tablet or 1 tablespoon to the solution. mineral mixture.
Whitewashing plums in spring
An important sanitary measure of the spring cycle is the whitewashing of the plum tree trunk and its skeletal branches.
Do I need to whitewash plums in spring
This procedure is mandatory - without it, tree care will not be complete. In spring, whitewashing protects against sunburn, slows down bud opening (which is especially valuable during periods of sudden temperature changes), and most importantly, destroys egg and insect pests that hibernate under the bark.
How can you whiten a plum
It is necessary that the composition of the whitewashing solution includes:
- latex substance (bustilate), which creates an airtight layer on the surface of the bark and is invulnerable to precipitation;
- white pigment (chalk, kaolin).
2 parts of the binder should be dry mixed with 1 part of the pigment, and then diluted with water to the thickness of an ordinary paint.
You can whitewash the plum with an aqueous solution of slaked lime (10 liters will need 2 kg), with the addition of copper sulfate (300 g) and clay, or casein glue.
How to whiten a plum in spring
Before the procedure, the trunks should be cleaned, the soil should be slightly scooped off the trunk. It is advised to whitewash the stem and the lower part of the skeletal branches to the height where the hand can reach - but in general not higher than 2 m.When the solution on the bark of the trees dries up a little, the stems will need to be sprinkled with earth again.
Conclusion
Treatment of plums from pests and diseases in the spring is a set of mandatory measures, an important part of which, along with preventive tree care, is spraying with chemical and folk remedies in order to fight for the harvest. The general condition and successful fruiting of trees, as well as the health of the people, who will eat the fruits grown in the garden, depend on how competently and correctly these actions are performed.
