Content
Cherry Odrinka for more than a century was able to move several hundred kilometers north of their usual latitudes of cultivation thanks to breeders. The fruits of the Odrinka cherry variety are distinguished not only by their resistance to drought and frost, but also by their taste properties, for which the culture is very much appreciated by farms and ordinary lovers of garden and fruit trees.
Breeding history
Cherry Odrinka was formerly cultivated in the south. At the end of the 19th century, IV Michurin began to develop a plan for the "move" of cherries to more severe climatic regions. Cherries Pervenets and Lastochka were used as an experiment. As a result of crosses and long work, varieties with savory fruits were obtained, which could not satisfy Michurin's wishes. In the pre-war years, this business was taken up by FK Teterev, who lived in Leningrad. At the VIR station, he crossed Zorka and Red dense cherries.
The research result survived the harsh winters of those times. And so Odrinka was born - a sweet cherry, which is suitable for growing in the middle climatic zone. The authors of the selection number of the sweet cherry Odrinka 3-14 x 3-36 are M. V. Kanysheva, A. A. Astakhov, L. I. Zueva. The tree was entered into the State Register in 2004 for the Central Region.
Description of culture
Cherry Odrinka grows in all parts of Europe except the northern one, as well as in Bulgaria and Poland. In the CIS countries, it is found in Moldova, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. On the territory of Russia, it is grown in the Krasnodar Territory, although there are also private reserves in Moscow that practice breeding varieties for this climatic zone. Cherry tree Odrinka has a small crown density. Odrinka's height is average. The buds are small, like the leaves - generative ovoid. They deviate from the escape to the side. The petiole is small, has 2 pieces of iron. There are only 3-4 flowers in the cherry inflorescence of Odrinka, which cannot be called large. The petals are white, the corolla is saucer-shaped.
The fruits weigh 5-7 grams, and their height reaches 2.5 cm. The width of the sweet cherry fruits is 2.4 cm. They are round, the funnel is narrowed, and the top is oval. There are clear light points in the central part. Cherry juice Odrinka red, fruit pulp is juicy, sweet, crimson. The stone takes 6% of the volume, it separates well from the fleshy fruit. According to the conducted tasting evaluations, the Odrinka cherry received 4.7 points.
Odrinka blooms later, ripening is the same. Begins to bear fruit as early as the 5th year after planting. Fruits appear on bouquet branches. A self-fertile tree, so pollinators are needed. The best of them are the Ovstuzhenka, Rechitsa, and Revna trees. But Odrinka cherry tolerates severe winters, although it grows in warm latitudes. The average yield is 77 c / ha, and the maximum can yield 221 c / ha.
Characteristics
Cherry Odrinka is winter-hardy. The tree, flowers and buds can survive the early winter and spring. He never suffers from fungal diseases, and when damaged, the quality of the fruit does not change. The following characteristics are discussed in more detail.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness of Odrinka cherry
Cherry Odrinka freezes at a temperature of -16 0C, and at -12 0C already withstands strong north winds. In summer, it feels great in a temperature range of +30 0C, which indicates a wide range of temperature regimes - it is very important for farmers that the harvest does not suffer from a drop.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
Cherry Odrinka is partially self-fertile, therefore, pollinators must be planted for better fruiting. Usually, two trees of the Rechitsa variety and one Revna are planted 3 meters from the Odrinka. These are late varieties, so in the fall you need to prepare the pits. In the spring, you can prepare planting material, dig holes to prepare for next year. The flowering period falls in early spring, the fruits are harvested in the fall.
Productivity, fruiting
Cherry Odrinka gives an average yield closer to June-July. If the tree grows in the southern edges, you should not expect a large harvest. In spring it can bloom, but not for long.
Scope of berries
Berries of the Odrinka cherry are used in the household and industry. Most often they are sent for export, since it is quite difficult to store the crop.
Disease and pest resistance
Coccomycosis tolerates perfectly, and Odrinka is also resistant to clotterosporia and moniliosis. Cherry is affected by the disease no more than 1 time in 2-3 years.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the variability of the climate where the cherry grows, it has the following advantages:
- Does not get sick and does not suffer from fungal diseases.
- Always bears fruit, even if the harvest is small.
- Odrinka loves both winter and summer.
Landing features
Cherry Odrinka bears fruit better if there is an apiary nearby. Bees can also participate in pollination, like fruit trees. The sweet cherry is planted in a pit and prepares for wintering.
Recommended timing
It is best to prepare planting material in the summer, then the tree will be able to adapt by the fall. Odrinka will be able to overwinter in the first year, after which it will need to be processed in the spring.
Choosing the right place
Since the fruit should not be exposed to drafts, the Odrinka cherry tree should be grown in the lowlands. You need to choose the south side so that flowering occurs away from the winds and constant shade.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
You can not plant fruit trees next to Odrinka, which can pollinate it with a "different variety". It is allowed to plant pollinators, but 5 m from the seedlings. Otherwise, the branches of the crown will crush the neighboring trees.
Selection and preparation of planting material
One- and two-year-old Odrinka seedlings are taken. So they quickly get used to winter, and drought resistance appears.
Landing algorithm
Prepare the pit like this:
- A hole is dug 70 x 70 wide and 60 cm deep.
- Trees can be planted 3 m apart.
- For the pit, the arable layer and a third of the manure are taken.
- For clay soil, sand is added.
- Limestone is placed at the bottom of the pit.
Odrink must also have support, otherwise she will bend in the process of growth. The cherry seedling is lowered by two-thirds. After planting, it is tied up, and the moat is compacted with earth. For good pollination, seedlings of two different varieties are planted at the same time.
During the flowering period, cherries are sprayed with honey solution to attract the attention of pollinating bees.
Follow-up care of the culture
Young Odrinka cherries need to be fed. Typically, this is taken:
- Slurry - for May feeding 2 times a season, for trees over 3 years old - 3-4 times in June.
- Complex fertilizer add in the amount of 1 spoon per 1 bucket of water for each tree.
- Ash necessary for the stability of immunity.
- Urea used before flowering so that the fruits are not attacked by insects.
Annual pruning is also required. All branches that go inside the trunk are removed. The cuts are made neat, even.Watering is carried out 2 times a year during drought.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Since Odrinka cherries are resistant to diseases, as a rule, they are not treated with any drugs. The only thing that can happen is a rodent attack. Prevention consists in the use of typical complex solutions that contain urea. The following drugs are also recommended:
With clotterosporia, when holes and spots appear on the leaves | Sore areas of the tree are removed, and solutions of copper sulfate are applied to the clean ones. You can also process cherries with garden var. Treatment is carried out before the kidneys open |
Moniliosis due to wet weather | Use for gray pads. There are spores of mushrooms, from which the cherry leaf shrivels, and the berries dry out |
An alternative remedy is the Bordeaux mixture, which is applied twice a month, 15 days apart after harvest. Sick branches are cut, foliage is removed, berries are harvested | |
If the berries have undergone a disease, it is best not to eat the harvest. Infection of branches and small twigs is possible only if there is a rotten fruit.
Conclusion
Cherry Odrinka is suitable for growing in regions of the middle zone with a temperate climate. In hot and cold countries, cherries should always be processed and looked after. Rodents rarely "attack" it, so it is considered a favorite fruit tree among many farmers. In the home garden, Odrinka will allow the owners to enjoy delicious berries even in a harsh winter, when vitamins and solar heat are so lacking.
