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You can correctly plant cherries in spring in Siberia by wisely choosing a zoned variety. The trees take root during the warm season. Many varieties of average winter hardiness require mandatory shelter in the fall.
Shrub steppe cherry is convenient for growing in Siberia
Features of planting cherries in Siberia
When growing cherries in Siberia, you need to know a few secrets:
- acquire and plant only zoned varieties bred by breeders for Siberia, which are characterized by early maturity, high winter hardiness, and productivity;
- since most cherries are self-fertile, 3-4 varieties are planted at once;
- the tree is competently prepared for wintering, all the necessary fertilizers are applied, and watering is carried out.
How to choose a cherry variety for planting in Siberia
Siberian gardeners grow all popular types of cherries:
- steppe;
- ordinary;
- felt;
- sandy.
Steppe varieties
The most winter-hardy, up to -50 ° C, and drought-resistant cherries, growing in the form of a bush, are undersized, 40-150 cm. The main feature is undemanding to soils. Varietal representatives of the steppe species are distinguished by their early maturity, but the berries are small, 1-3 g, sweet and sour. Bushes bear fruit on annual shoots, give strong root shoots, are prone to damping.
Altai early
Cherries, valuable for their resistance to drought and podoprevaniya, ripening of berries in early July. It is characterized by average winter hardiness, quickly recovers after freezing.
Altai early requires planting pollinators nearby
The desired
Partially self-fertile, with sweet fruits. The berries are harvested in the third decade of July.
Harvest cherries Desirable medium winter hardiness
Common varieties
Representatives of the common species are tall: among the varieties bred for planting in Siberia, trees reach 1.5-3 m. Many hybrids are partially self-fertile. With a number of other varieties, the yield increases significantly. Dark red berries are fleshy, sweet and sour, suitable for fresh consumption, weighing 4-5 g.
Kasmalinka
A frost-resistant and drought-resistant variety with a low shrub crown - up to 1.6 m. It is considered self-fertile, but in the presence of pollinators Ob, Altai swallow, the yield is richer. Sweet and sour berries with a spicy aftertaste.
Kasmalinka fruits ripen by the end of July, stay on the stalks until autumn
Ural Ruby
Low shrub crown with abundant fruiting - 6-10 kg. Ripening of sweet and sour, slightly tart berries in Siberia closer to the third decade of August. Winter hardiness up to - 35 ° С.
The best pollinators of Ural Rubinova - Generous, Zvezdochka
Seedling Lyubskoy
The crown rises to 2 m, bears fruit in July, collection up to 5 kg. An early variety, partially self-fertile, different pollinators are suitable. Dessert berries, sweet and sour.
Seedling Lyubskoy promising for planting in the Urals and Siberia
Felt varieties
Grown in Siberia in the form of a tree up to 3 m or shrub. Shoots, leaves, sometimes slightly pubescent berries.The leaves are wrinkled, small. Fruits weighing 2-4 g are freshly sweet, without astringency. Harvest 3-5 kg per bush. Felt cherries are winter-hardy, up to -30 ° C, resistant to coccomycosis, but are affected by moniliosis. Often the planting of this species in Siberia is carried out specifically, placing the seedling at an angle and forming a bush, like a creeping plant.
Salute
Winter-hardy, up to -35 ° C, 1.5 m high, with large, sweet and sour berries, weighing 3.5-4 g. When planted in Siberia, the crop ripens in July.
Salute bred by breeders of the Far East
White
The crown, with a good planting, grows up to 1.6 m, requires a sunny place. Blooms in Siberia from the beginning of June.
Taste of cherries White harmonious, sweet and sour
Sandy varieties
Cultivated forms with edible fruits, in contrast to the wild, too tart, native to North America. Like the felt look, trees:
- they are not actually cherries, they are closer to the plum;
- do not cross with cherries;
- take root on rootstocks of plums, apricots, peaches;
- leaves are small, elongated.
The cultivars are collectively called Bessei cherry, after the scientist who bred the trees with delicious berries. Fruits weighing 2-3 g, sweetish, slightly tart, hang until autumn, wither. The culture is unpretentious to growing conditions, drought-resistant, tolerates frosts down to -50 ° C.
Pyramidal
The bush is up to 1.4 m tall, the growth departs from the root collar. The berries are greenish-yellow, sweet, with a slight sourness and astringency.
For Pyramidalnaya, a pollinator is needed - any seedlings of Bessei
Omsk night
Hybrid up to 1.2-1.4 m in height. Yielding, over 10 kg per bush.
Omsk nochka fruits with dark skin, sweet, juicy, 12-15 g
How to grow cherries in Siberia
Having picked up varieties that are resistant to the Siberian climate, they carry out a competent planting and carefully look after the plants. It is important to comply with the conditions depending on the season.
How to plant cherries in Siberia in spring
It is preferable to plant a culture in Siberia in the spring, during the summer the plant takes root and enters wintering, having grown stronger. The culture requires a neutral soil, best of all sandy loam, loose. Groundwater must be deep. Dig a hole 60 cm wide and 50 cm deep.
Landing Algorithm:
- to the bottom of 10-15 cm of drainage;
- for the substrate, garden soil, sand, humus are mixed equally;
- enrich 1 liter of wood ash, 30 g of potassium chloride, 70 g of superphosphate;
- hammer in the support peg;
- set a seedling, sprinkle with soil;
- having compacted the near-trunk circle, pour 10 liters of water;
- mulch with humus, rotted sawdust, compost.
How to plant cherries in summer in Siberia
For summer planting, buy seedlings with a closed root system. The plant will not suffer, taking root in a new place. The culture planting algorithm in Siberia in summer is the same as in spring work. Humus is used as mulch.
How to plant cherries in the fall in Siberia
Gardeners do not recommend planting crops in Siberia in the fall. It is possible to plant seedlings from containers in the first ten days of September. A plant with an open root system is simply added dropwise in the fall. In the spring, they are transplanted to a permanent place. For autumn digging, a partially shaded area is found so that the snow does not melt longer.
Autumn pre-planting rules:
- pit depth and width 40 cm;
- one side is inclined, the rest are vertical;
- the seedling is placed on an inclined plane and sprinkled with earth not only the roots, but also a third of the trunk, watered, mulched.
For the winter they cover with spruce branches, and snow is applied on top.
Seedling care
Watering cherries in Siberia after planting is rarely carried out, but abundantly - until the soil is moistened to the depth of the root system, 40 cm, 30-60 liters of water each. Young seedlings are watered after 15-17 days, 10 liters each. If the tree bears fruit, watering is stopped 2 weeks before the fruit is poured. Otherwise, the berries will crack.
They are fed three times:
- in early spring with nitrogen fertilizers or organic matter;
- after flowering with phosphorus-potassium preparations;
- repeated in the growth phase of the ovaries.
After fertilization, watered abundantly.
Almost all cherries, which are planted in Siberia, bear fruit on annual shoots; pruning is performed selectively. Remove damaged and diseased branches, thickening shoots and trunks over 7 years old. The gain is not shortened.
For diseases and pests, cherries, which were planted in Siberia, are treated in early spring with urea, copper sulfate or other fungicides for prevention. Insecticides are used against pests.
Planting a culture in Siberia necessarily includes a winter shelter in leaving. Young bushes are protected by pine spruce branches, snow is poured onto the trunk.
Experienced gardening tips
It is useful for beginners to take into account the accumulated experience:
- in the lowlands, trees are placed on mounds 40-60 cm high, which will reduce the risk of damping out;
- the peculiarity of planting cherries in Siberia is the mandatory purchase of not a 1-year-old, but a 2-3-year-old strong seedling;
- nitrogen fertilizers are not placed in the planting pit.
Conclusion
Everyone can plant cherries correctly in spring in Siberia, having studied the tips and choosing zoned varieties. The spring seedling takes root well and in 2-3 years will delight with the harvest of berries.
