Content
Peach varieties are of the widest variety. Recently the assortment has been increasing due to the use of different types of rootstocks. Frost-resistant trees have been bred that grow and bear fruit in the Moscow region.
Variety of peach varieties
Owners of backyard plots are amazed at the sea of peach varieties, which differ in shape, smell, color or ripening time, height and structure of the crown, and growing conditions. Pomologists distinguish peach trees by the appearance of their fruits and divide them into 4 categories:
- Real peaches include plants that have pubescence on their fruits and the stone can be freely removed. Separately distinguish the group pavia - the bone does not come off, but the skin is pubescent.
- Fruits with a smooth skin and an easily separable stone - nectarines... Those whose bone is not removed - brunions.
- Wild peach Potanin, has a low crown, up to 2 m.
- Fig or Fergana peach with flattened fruits. The name is given because of the similarity to figs.
New trees appear in each group every year. Modern breeding is aimed at breeding frost-resistant or drought-resistant, columnar and dwarf trees. The culture differs in terms of ripening. Decorative specimens with burgundy or reddish leaves are popular.
When the peaches ripen
Peach trees bloom and bear fruit over extended periods. The early ones enter the flowering phase in April-May, but by their properties they withstand spring return frosts down to -7.5 ° C. Such varieties are planted in the middle climatic zone, as well as in the Urals and Siberia. The fruits ripen in a short warm season until mid-July, early August.
Many representatives of the group of mid-season plants are frost-hardy. The ripening period for peaches is from August 10-12 until the end of the month. They are often grown in different regions of Russia, placed in cozy, sheltered from the wind, areas.
Late varieties are intended only for the North Caucasus region or the south of Crimea. Ripen from early September to October. In colder climates, the peach varieties for the south do not pick up sweetness until frost.
Classification of peach varieties by ripening dates
By the time of ripeness of fruits, peach trees are divided into early, mid-ripening, late.
Early peach varieties
Early ripe plants bear fruit from 2-3 years. In the conditions of most regions of Russia, it is necessary to plant zoned peaches. There are many European varieties that ripen in early summer, in June, but they may not take root in the continental climate, but only in the southern regions. Popular frost-resistant representatives, fast-growing and possessing endurance to pathogens of characteristic diseases. Gardeners will be able to navigate the peach varieties with photos and descriptions.
Variety Fluffy early withstands frosts down to - 28 ° C, slightly susceptible to diseases, zoned for the North Caucasus. The skin is creamy greenish with a blush, the flesh is whitish, sweet and aromatic, satisfactory in taste.Oval-rounded fruits weigh up to 100 g, ripen in July.
The name itself - Dagestan gold - speaks of the preferred growing area. Bright yellow fruits with a blush weigh 130 g, ripen together from July 15-20, are transportable. After frost break, the tree is restored for 2-3 years, it is resistant to curl.
Breeders of a neighboring country have bred a peach Kazakh early, it bears fruit since June 25: spherical, pink-burgundy, weighing 80-120 g, with a harmonious taste. The plant is unpretentious, tolerates frost, is not very susceptible to diseases.
The fruits Kiev early feast on from July 3-6 in the south, from 15 - in the middle lane. Cream peaches weighing from 60 to 100 g are very aromatic, with sweet light pulp. Plants tolerate frosts down to -20 ° C, they are affected by powdery mildew. Trees grow quickly and recover well after pruning.
Rounded fruits White Swan weigh 150-200 g, for dessert purposes, ripen from mid-August. The skin is soft yellow, ruddy on one side. The sweet pulp is light creamy. Drought-resistant and winter-hardy peaches. Flowers tolerate slight frosts.
Medium ripening peach varieties
Fruits of mid-season varieties are ready for harvest from August 10-15 to September. Trees bear fruit from 3-4 years of growth.
Peach Cardinal grows low, with a compact crown. Belongs to varieties of large varieties of peaches: large fruits, 200-240 g, with yellow-red skin, bright pulp. The taste is delicate, slightly fibrous. The tasters gave them 5 points. The tree yields up to 44 kg of yield, tolerates frosts down to -27 ° C, but does not withstand frost well, is slightly damaged by diseases. The variety ripens from August 10-14.
Peaches Stavropol pink varieties, weighing 110-140 g, ripen from August 15-20. Rounded in shape, light yellow with a red half. Juicy white pulp, delicate in taste. The plant is not tall, the crown is dense. Resists curliness, powdery mildew, clasterosporium disease. Bred for the south of Russia, these peaches ripen well in the Crimea.
Variety Vavilovsky adapted for growing not only in the southern regions, but also in the central ones. Very winter-hardy, medium early, ripens by the end of July. The dessert direction was rated 4.8 points. Average weight 250-300 g, outside and inside a pleasant yellow color, juicy and sweet. A medium-sized tree has a relative resistance to fungal infections.
Fruit varieties Ambassador of Peace more than a third are painted in carmine color. They weigh 120-160 g, round, juicy and tasty. Delicate and sweet, yellow flesh with a pleasant fibrous texture. They ripen by mid-August. The trees are resistant to disease and frost, and withstand droughts. Flower buds tolerate spring frosts.
Juicy fruit widely known for its bright fruits, weighing 150-200 g, colored three-quarters with a muted carmine shade. It ripens by the end of July, very tasty. Fruits are firm, with a prominent juice. The stone is large, poorly separated. Plants are tall, productive, yield 60-70 kg. Flower buds endure frosts.
Late peaches
Fruiting from the fifth year of growth, are intended for the southern regions, not higher than the Rostov region, since all varieties are filled with sweetness only by mid-September or by early October. Late varieties of peaches develop well in Crimea.
Variety Jaminat ripens during the first half of September. Oval, large fruits weighing 140-160 g are sweet, a pleasant sour taste is felt. The cover is deep red, inside is a soft yellow tint. Maturation is amicable, the plant is resistant to infections, it is recommended for industrial cultivation.
Irganaysky late, like Jaminat, - the result of the work of Dagestan breeders, resistant to fungi. The same medium-sized tree, at the same time yields fruits weighing 150 g from the beginning of September.They are painted in a warm yellow shade with a wide blush. The yellow flesh is sweet, with a slight pleasant sourness. The bone is easily detached.
Peach Frost American selection, large-fruited - up to 200 g, and fruitful. It can be recommended for the group of peach varieties for the Chernozem region, because, according to reviews, it can withstand frosts from 26 to 32 ° C, it will sing in September. It is versatile in use, but American gardeners advise using it for jams due to its fibrous texture.
Longtime variety Elbert also from the USA, stable, vigorous and large-fruited - up to 150 g. The skin is ruddy with a yellow background. The shape is oval, with an elongated sharp nose. The sweet pulp refreshes with a pleasant sourness. Ripens quite early for late-maturing species - from August 25-28.
Popular peach varieties
The well-known and hardy species are usually distributed among gardeners. A photo of peach varieties with a name and description will help you navigate the variety of plants.
Frost-resistant peach varieties
Trees that recover well after a frosty winter were bred in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and the USA.
Mid-early peach Novoselkovsky tolerates frosts up to 28 ° C, in the case of lower temperatures, the flower buds die, but the wood is restored over time. Little susceptible to fungal pathogens. Ripening occurs at the end of July. Fruits 50-60 g each, with a whitish-creamy cover and the same pulp.
Crimean peach Golden Moscow with late flowering, it can withstand frost up to 18 ° C, the wood can be regenerated. Unassuming, drought tolerant, resistant to powdery mildew. Belongs to the large-fruited category - 140-180 g. Ripening by mid-August.
20-degree frosts are tolerated by wood of the variety Siberian... A mid-ripening, productive plant quickly increases the mass of shoots, bears fruit from the third year. The fruits ripen during August: small, 25-40 g, quite tasty, juicy, sweet-sour.
Winter hardy Saturn selection of the USA is not afraid of frosts down to -27 ° C. A vigorous peach from the group of fig cultivars, fruitful, ripens by the end of summer. Care includes bending powerful branches to the ground. Flat-round fruits are red-yellow on top, with a creamy shade on the inside. Juicy, sweet, the stone is difficult to separate.
Shrub varieties of peaches
In areas of the middle lane, it is recommended to form any peach plant with a bush. Leave 8-11 shoots, periodically replacing them with new ones. Shrub peach is easier to cover in frosty winters.
Resistant variety Voronezh bush bred by amateur breeders, suitable for regions with a cool short summer. The bush is compact, 1.5-2 m high. The branches lean to the ground, in severe winters they are pinned and covered, although the tree is not afraid of frosts down to -35 ° C. Ripens in August, from the 2nd year of growth, fruits 90-120 g - juicy, tasty.
Peach Bush, hardy and hardy, grown in Belarus and northern Ukraine. Resistant to fungal pathogens. It ripens from August 20, weighing 80-110 g. Fruits are oblong, creamy yellow, with a blush, pleasant to the taste.
Dwarf peach varieties
Low-growing peaches, up to 2-2.5 m, are derived from the fig group. Species grafted on modern dwarf rootstocks, which are labeled with the term Nano, grow up to 1.5-2 m.
Balconella - mid-season variety, both dwarf and columnar. Although there are instances with a spherical crown. It grows up to 1.2-1.5 m. Ripens in August, peaches weigh 90-145 g, 5-6 cm in diameter, tasty, juicy.
Variety Bonanza, up to 1.5 m tall after 10 years of growth, grown in Europe and America to decorate patios. They are planted in tubs with a volume of 10-30 liters, providing sun, watering and fertilizers. The variety gives up to 4.5 kg of fruits weighing up to 100 g, sweet and juicy.
Columnar peach Steinberg 1.8-2 m high, fruitful and mid-season. Resistant to fungal diseases.Produces large oval fruits from the next year after planting for 15 years: weight 140-205 g, with yellow juicy and tasty pulp.
Sweet Cap - winter-hardy variety, withstands up to - 23 ° C, rises to 2-3.5 m. Harvest is friendly, fruits up to 140 g, sour-sweet, with a refreshing, pleasant aftertaste. The skin is red-burgundy, the flesh is whitish.
Italian varieties called Ufo contains a whole series numbered from 1 to 12. The most popular are Ufo 2, 3, 4 and 5. Typical low height of the fig group. The peaches are burgundy or red with a slight yellow background on the outside and creamy white on the inside, sweet. Weight 100-110 g.
Red-leaved peaches
Trees with burgundy-red leaves for decorative purposes were bred on cherry plum material Pissard, which is inherent in this shade.
Peach Negus bears fruit and decorates the yard with leaves of a red-purple hue. It grows up to 3-4 m, on low-growing rootstocks - 2 m. Frost-resistant, not affected by scab. It ripens by the end of July, fruits without pubescence, burgundy, sweet and sour.
Variety Burgundy ripens from August 10-15, weight up to 150 g, pink skin color. They are planted because of decorative burgundy leaves, which by autumn acquire a light green hue, with red veins. The tree is winter-hardy, up to - 25 ° C, 3-4 m high, the crown is round.
Red-leaved nectarines Medvedevsky 1 and 2 - frost-resistant and hardy varieties of Ukrainian selection. Up to 3-4 m high, with a slightly spreading crown, winter-hardy, mid-season, ripens from the beginning of August. Fruit weight 140-180 g, red-yellow skin and yellow pulp: juicy and sweet. The bone is separated.
American peach varieties
Usually trees are distinguished by large fruits with high commercial qualities.
Medium early, long-bred (1940) peach Redhaven - the most famous, is still of industrial importance. The tree is vigorous, 5 m tall, drought-resistant, frost-resistant - up to - 25 ° C, blooms late. Resistant to clasterosporium disease and powdery mildew, curliness is affected. The fruits are tasty, 170-250 g. Productivity from 11 years old - 100 kg.
One of the best late varieties - frost-resistant Fleming Fury... Wood tolerates up to - 28 ° C. Ripens from mid-September: large-fruited orange-colored peaches, which are covered with a pomegranate blush, weigh 200-300 g, are stored for a week. We got 5 points to taste.
Early ripe Greensboro harvested from the beginning of August. Oval fruits up to 120 g covered with greenish-red skin, strongly pubescent. The inside is also greenish-creamy, juicy, sweet and sour, and aromatic. There is resistance to frost and klyasterosporiosis.
Mid-season Golden jubilee bred almost 100 years ago, but popular among gardeners in the south of our country. A variety with medium frost resistance, vigorous, grows up to 4-5 m, large-fruited - 125-170 g. On a golden ruddy skin there is slight pubescence, the flesh is tender, tasty.
New varieties of peach
The goal of modern breeders is high consumer qualities of fruits and winter hardiness of wood. Self-fertile Canadian varieties are popular today.
Early vigorous Harbinger sung from the beginning of July. Weight 80-90 g, the skin is ruddy, but muted tones. Peaches are juicy, sweet, aromatic, transportable. The wood is frost-resistant, flower buds can suffer from frost.
Fast growing Harrow Diamond winter hardy (- 28 ° C). Round-oval fruits weigh 90-200 g, also low-saturated in color, with orange, sweet and sour pulp. Suitable for transportation. Ripen in July, need normalization.
Winter hardy early Harnas yields attractive, bright ruddy fruits, ripen from the beginning of August. The variety differs in that rounded peaches weighing 100-155 g do not fall off. The taste is excellent, the pits are easily separated.
American industrial grade Royal Majestic differs in winter hardiness, large-fruited (over 200 g) and early ripening from mid-July. The globular fruits are completely covered with a thick blush. Delicious, tasty and transportable. The tree is not susceptible to disease.
The best varieties of peaches for different regions of Russia
Peaches are a southern crop, and all varieties thrive and bear fruit in southern Russia. Late species are planted here, which ripen until October.
Peach varieties for the middle strip
For the weather conditions of the middle lane, varieties are chosen:
- early, those who manage to give their crops in the warm season;
- winter hardy and quickly regenerating wood;
- late blooming, when the threat of frost goes away.
These qualities are possessed by varieties Kremlin, Golden Moscow, Voronezh bush, Veteran, Novoselkovsky, Jelgava, Forest-steppe early, Favorite Morettini, Madeleine Pouillet, Frost, Fury, Kiev early, Juicy, Winter hardy, Donskoy, Greensboro, Redhaven, Collins other. The trees are planted in a sheltered and sunny location from the north. In the first 2-3 winters, seedlings are necessarily sheltered, erecting a kind of tent over the tree and around it.
Peaches: varieties for the south of Russia
All types of crops are grown in the southern gardens, except tropical ones. Those that bear fruit late and are highly marketable are popular: Autumn Blush, Irganai late, Jaminat, and Dagestan gold, Fluffy early, Solar, Soviet, Steppe news, Sunrise, all nectarines and others.
Peach varieties for the Kuban
The current varieties of peaches for the Krasnodar Territory are those that tolerate frost and are not affected by diseases. Resistant to frizz Airlired, Stark Red Gold, Springtime, Sunhaven, Redhaven, Madeleine Pouillet, Early Kuban... The best varieties are zoned: Autumn Blush, The Velvet season, Early Kuban, Memory of Simirenko, Favorite Morettini, Springold, Collinsas well as fig peaches.
Crimean varieties of peaches
Judging by the description from the photo of peach varieties in Crimea, the same disease-resistant and frost-resistant species are popular here. Trees thrive in areas with sandy loam soils, protected from northerly winds. The zoned varieties of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden belong to the Crimean peaches: Kremlin, Golden Moscow, Juicy, Fluffy early, Red-cheeked, Red Maid, Tourist... Among the others: Story, Soviet, Dandy, Favorite Morettini, Redhaven, Veteran, Greensboro, Cardinal, Golden jubilee... Grow nectarines Lola, Evpatoria, Kievsky.
The best varieties of peaches for the Moscow region
Zoned trees, formed in the form of a bush, take root well in this region. Those varieties are planted that tolerate frosts down to -25 ° C, with late flowering, quickly recovering wood. Early and mid-ripening fruits ripen here: Donskoy frost-resistant, White Swan, Greensboro, Favorite Morettini, Kiev early, Redhaven; columnar frost-resistant - early Honey, mid-season Steinberg; disease resistant nectarines Redgold, Big Top, Crimson Gold.
Self-fertile peach varieties - myth or reality
Productivity is enhanced if cross-pollination occurs between trees planted in a group. Self-pollinated varieties give a large harvest of fruits even when they grow alone. For the Moscow region, self-fertile peach varieties are more profitable, since it is easier to work in a similar climate with one plant. Popular:
- frost-resistant variety Golden Moscow;
- Crimean mid-season variety Story;
- disease resistant Golden jubilee - for the south;
- fruitful early Harnas;
- mid-season frost-resistant Volcano with firm fruits (canadian series Tward Tardive);
- mid-season winter hardy Inca.
Conclusion
Peach varieties are selected by region, guided by their qualities and ripening times. There are unpretentious trees that give a good harvest.Uncomplicated care and compliance with the requirements of agricultural technology will ensure the successful development of plants.
