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The papillary lactus (papillary lactus, large lactus, Lactárius mammósus) is a lamellar mushroom of the Millechnik family, the Syroezhkovy family, is conditionally edible due to the content of milky juice, which gives the fruit bodies a bitter taste. This species, like other edible varieties of milkmen, is very popular in traditional Russian cuisine.
Description of the papillary breast
The papillary mushroom is a fairly large pedunculated lamellar mushroom. Many lovers of "quiet hunting" believe that he has an ordinary appearance, but his hat can have a beautiful color due to the presence of unusual shades in it.
The papillary milk belongs to the lactarius. Milky juice is not abundant, it tastes sweet, but leaves a bitter aftertaste. Does not change color when exposed to air. In old overripe individuals, it is practically absent.
Description of the hat
The cap of the papillary breast has a different thickness: in some areas it is thin, in others it is fleshy. Its diameter is 30–90 mm. In young specimens, the edges of the cap are bent, but over time it acquires a spread flat or curved shape with a pronounced tubercle in the center.
The papillary mushroom has a gray cap with shades of other colors: blue, brown, purple, brown or even pink. With age, the cap burns out, becomes dry and turns yellow. On the cap of adults, mushroom fibers and scales are noticeable. The pulp is white, darkens when the skin is removed.
The plates are frequent, narrow, whitish in color, reddening over time.
Leg description
The leg of the papillary mass is cylindrical, smooth, white in young representatives, 30–70 mm long, 8–20 mm thick. With age, it becomes hollow, darkens and takes on the color of the cap. The dense brittle pulp of the leg is odorless and has a sweetish taste.
Where and how it grows
The fruiting period of the papillary lump is short - usually the season falls in August-September, but depending on weather and climatic conditions, this period may be longer. It always grows in groups, single specimens are practically not found. It can be found in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests on sandy soils or acidic moist soils. Grows in northern temperate regions. Most of the milkmen of this species are collected in Siberia, the Urals and the Central region of Russia.
Is the mushroom edible or not
This mushroom is classified as conditionally edible.
How papillary milk mushrooms are prepared
To get rid of the bitter taste, the milk mushrooms are soaked for three days in water, changing the water twice a day. The most popular are salted or pickled milk mushrooms. There is evidence that in Russia the salted milk mushroom was even called the "royal mushroom". After soaking, it can be prepared in any other way: add to soups, fry, stew, etc.
Medicinal properties of papillary mushrooms
In folk medicine, milk mushrooms have long been used to treat kidney and liver diseases and as a diuretic. It has been noticed that their use greatly reduces the likelihood of salt deposition and the formation of stones. Modern research shows that the composition of the pulp of the mushrooms contains a substance with antibacterial properties, therefore this mushroom is used in medicine as an adjuvant in the treatment of tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases. It is also used to accelerate wound healing.
As an anti-inflammatory agent, salty papillary milk mushrooms show the greatest effectiveness. For the treatment of various kinds of inflammation, they are eaten every 3 days for 250 g. Regular use of this type of milk helps to strengthen the immune system.
Due to their high content of B vitamins, these mushrooms are used in the treatment of mental disorders. They are part of drugs to strengthen the nervous system and prevent neuroses and depressive conditions.
Application in cosmetology
Papillary milk mushrooms are a unique product that has found application even in cosmetology. Vitamin D, which is part of it, has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin and hair. It is found in animal products and is produced by exposure to the sun, but if for any reason these sources are not available, milk mushrooms are quite capable of filling the deficiency of this essential vitamin.
In cosmetology, decoctions and extracts from fruit bodies are also used. Thanks to their bactericidal properties, they strengthen hair and cleanse the skin when applied topically.
Popularly, mushrooms of this type are often used to remove warts. To do this, a cap of a salted milk mushroom is applied to the growth and left for some time to act. The procedure is repeated until the result is achieved.
The benefits of papillary milk mushrooms for weight loss
The protein of these mushrooms in its nutritional value is not inferior to the protein of animal origin, so milk mushrooms are an excellent source of this essential substance for those who do not eat meat. The product itself is quite high in calories, but protein practically does not form fat deposits, but it allows you to achieve quick saturation. Its value lies in the fact that it provides energy without fats and carbohydrates. The main element of the fruiting body is fiber, which is necessary for proper digestion.
The amino acids that make up these lactarius are well absorbed by the body, and vitamins A, E, PP, ascorbic acid and minerals allow you to get the necessary trace elements in sufficient quantities, which is very important for dietary nutrition. The diuretic effect is to remove excess fluid and toxins from the body.
Doubles and their differences
The most dangerous double of this type of fungus is the false papillary milk mushroom (camphor milk), which, although it is conditionally edible, can cause serious poisoning. With age, it accumulates a substance that does not decompose during heat treatment and is dangerous to the body in large quantities, therefore experts recommend refusing to collect it.
In order not to confuse camphor milk with more valuable milk mushrooms, pay attention to the following signs:
- young false milk mushrooms have a pronounced smell of camphor, but with age, their pulp also acquires the aroma of coconut, so this sign cannot be considered absolute;
- the color of the cap of the inedible double is dark brown, with purple tints, but if the mushroom grows on the edges of the sun lit by the sun, its cap can fade and acquire a light brown tint;
- the pulp of the leg of the camphor lactarius is reddish;
- the most reliable sign of a false double is the appearance of a dark brown spot when pressing on the cap, which immediately turns into an ocher color.
It looks like a papillary milk mushroom and a conditionally edible aromatic lactarius. You can distinguish it by the hat: in the double, it is slightly pubescent, and its shade is lighter - ocher-gray or lilac-gray. The center of the cap, as a rule, without a tubercle, is somewhat depressed. Grows in deciduous and mixed forests under birches. The fresh pulp of the fragrant lactarius has a distinct coconut scent.
Oak lactus is another species similar to papillary. It also belongs to the conditionally edible representatives of the mushroom kingdom. Its red or orange-yellow cap is funnel-shaped and curved inward at the edges. Oak mushrooms form mycorrhiza with beech, oak, hornbeam.
Conclusion
Milk papillary - a mushroom well known to experienced lovers of "quiet hunting". The unique chemical composition makes it not only a valuable food product, but also determines its medicinal, dietary and cosmetic properties.
