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Felt milk mushroom or violin (lat.Lactarius vellereus) is a conditionally edible mushroom of the Russulaceae family (lat.Russulaceae), which in Russia has acquired many common nicknames: Milk podskrebysh, Sugar, Skripun or Euphorbia. Skripitsa and Skripunom this species was nicknamed for the characteristic sound that occurs when two hats rub against each other. Its main name Milk owes to the peculiarities of growth - it is usually found in small groups that look like dense piles. A single mushroom is rare.
Description of Felt load
It is a medium-sized mushroom with a fairly dense, fleshy pulp. In young specimens, it has a white color, but in mature and old mushrooms, the flesh is yellowish. At the site of the cut or fracture of the fruiting body, milky juice soon begins to be abundantly secreted. It smells weak, but it smells good, but its taste is repulsive - the juice is very bitter and burns. It does not change color when exposed to air, but as it dries, it can turn yellow or become covered with red stains.
Description of the hat
The cap of a mature Felt Breast reaches 8-18 cm in diameter. In young specimens, it is rather compact, almost ovoid. At the first stage of development, the edges of the cap are bent downward, but together with the growth of the fruiting body, it opens and takes the form of a funnel. The surface of the cap is dry and hard, it is slightly rough to the touch, which is due to the presence of small villi. The color of young mushrooms is white, and in ripe fruit bodies, the cap darkens - first, yellow stains appear on it, then the surface is covered with brownish spots.
The plates of the hymenophore are quite sparse and free, partly passing to the pedicle. The color of the plates is whitish-buffy, slightly darker than the main tone of the mushroom.
Leg description
The leg of the Felt Gruzd is on average 6-8 cm in height, 3-5 cm in diameter. It is cylindrical in shape, slightly tapering at the base. The surface of the leg is felt, slightly rough. It is painted white with an admixture of yellow or ocher. The pulp is firm enough.
Where and how does Skripun grow
It is more often possible to find Felt Milk in mixed and deciduous forests. In large quantities, it grows under birch trees, in fairly dense groups. A single mushroom is rare.
The crop is harvested from mid-August, but sometimes the first mushrooms appear at the end of July. If the autumn is warm and humid enough, Skripun bears fruit until the end of September or the beginning of October.
On the territory of Russia, this species grows within the middle latitudes. The area of greatest distribution is the Urals, Siberia and the Far East.
Edible Felt Breast or Not
Felt mushroom is a conditionally edible mushroom due to its specific taste. Its pulp contains a large amount of caustic milky juice, so Skripitsa is not consumed in its raw form.
How Violinists are made
Violinists are served on the table in the form of salted blanks. The salting process is extended for a long time due to the preliminary soaking of the mushrooms.
The procedure looks like this:
- The harvested crop is soaked for 3-5 days, regularly changing the water. At this stage, the bitterness and pungent milky juice are removed.
- After that, the mushrooms are boiled for 20-25 minutes in a salted solution (for 1 kg of mushrooms there is 50-60 g of salt). As an additive, currant leaves, allspice and laurel are used - they will give the mushrooms a pleasant aroma and help remove the remnants of bitterness.
- The salting process itself lasts 1-2 months. The harder the mushroom pulp, the longer it will take until it is fully cooked.
To the table Felt lump can be served as an independent dish or in addition to cold appetizers and salads.
For more information on how to cook Felt Milk, see the video below:
The composition and value of the Violin
This is a low-calorie mushroom - 100 g of unprocessed fruit body contains 22 kcal. After salting, the energy value rises to 25-28 kcal.
Nutritional value per 100 grams:
- proteins - 3.08 g;
- fats - 0.35 g;
- carbohydrates - 3.3 g.
The chemical composition of the Felt Weight is characterized by a high content of fiber, vitamins (C, PP) and minerals (phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium).
Healing properties of the felt weight
Skripun is a dietary product that has beneficial properties. It has the following effects on the human body:
- helps to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
- lowers cholesterol and blood sugar;
- has an anti-inflammatory effect;
- strengthens the immune system in general;
- is an antioxidant;
- stimulates hematopoiesis;
- improves the condition of hair and skin.
Despite the useful properties, the Felt Milk has contraindications. It is not recommended to eat dishes from this mushroom when:
- diseases of the pancreas;
- dysfunction of the gallbladder;
- kidney disease;
- hypertension.
In addition, Skripun is contraindicated in young children and pregnant women.
Doubles and their differences
In general, all milk mushrooms are similar to each other, but more often Felt milk mushrooms are confused with Pepper, Real (or White), and also with White load.
Felt differs from Pepper Milk in its rough cap, which is covered with many small scales. In the Transverse weight, it is smooth to the touch. In addition, the taste of milky juice is not so pungent, although it has peppery notes.
The variety is classified as conditionally edible: the fruit body becomes ready for use only after prolonged soaking and salting, which removes bitterness from the pulp.
The white podgruzdok is distinguished from the Felt pommel by the pubescent and slightly torn edges of the cap. The fungus does not have milky juice; abundant secretions do not occur at the site of the cut and fracture.
It is a conditionally edible variety with a mediocre taste. It is eaten in salted form.
A real or White lump differs from Skripitsa in its hat - it is thickly hung around the edges with shaggy fringe.The milky juice of the fungus is white; at the cut site it quickly darkens, acquiring a yellowish tint. In Felt milk, the juice begins to change color only as it dries.
A real mushroom is considered a conditionally edible mushroom, which, after removing the bitterness, is used for salting.
Growing a violin at home
Another advantage of the Felt Milk, in addition to the low level of worminess, is its high yield. This makes it an ideal candidate for home growing.
The process of planting a mushroom is as follows:
- The first step is to prepare the ground. The selected area is dug up and abundantly fertilized with peat. A prerequisite is that deciduous trees, preferably birch trees, must grow in the place where the Felt Burger is grown. Poplar, hazel, willow and larch are also suitable.
- From May to September, the mycelium is laid in the soil. It is purchased in a specialized store. As a soil for growing Skripitsa, a mixture is used, which contains sawdust from deciduous trees. Additionally, fallen leaves, straw and moss are added to it. The mycelium is fed with an aqueous solution of sugar and yeast.
- The second method of planting Skripun involves grinding it. It is better to use an overripe mushroom as a planting material. Then the pieces of the fruiting body are poured into a mixture of peat and sawdust. The container with the crushed weight is covered with a lid, in which there are small holes, and left in this form for 2.5-3 months. It is advisable to remove the container in a room with a temperature not lower than + 23 ° C.
- When the mycelium is sufficiently developed, it is transplanted into small holes under deciduous trees. After this, the grooves are filled with a substrate, moss is placed and covered with fallen leaves.
Mycelium care consists in moderate watering. In hot weather, the planting site is hidden under an artificial canopy. In the winter months, it is recommended to insulate the mycelium with a heap of fallen leaves.
Homemade Felt Milk can be harvested from mid-July to August.
Conclusion
Felt mushroom or violin is a high-yielding mushroom that can be grown in the garden on your own. It does not differ in its special taste, however, good preparations for the winter are obtained from the harvested crop. He has no poisonous counterparts.
