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The white-black podgruzdok belongs to the class Agaricomycetes, of the order Russulaceae, of the family Russula. The Latin name of the species is Russula albonigra, the Russian name is white-black podgruzdok. In the reference literature, it can be found under other names - white-black russula or Chernushka.
What does the white-black podgruzdok look like?
In order not to confuse edible and inedible specimens, it is necessary to study their structure and distinctive features. Description and photo loading of white and black will allow you to easily identify him in the forest.
Description of the hat
The hat of this species grows in diameter from 7 to 12 cm. In young specimens, the flesh is convex, flattens with age, and the edges are bent. In older specimens, a concavity appears on the cap. The color also changes with age: first, the surface is off-white, then brownish, turning into a black tint.
The mushroom cap is matte, dry and smooth, becomes sticky to the touch in rainy weather
The hymenophore consists of narrow, often spaced plates. They are of different lengths and can transition to a shortened mushroom leg. Young mushrooms are distinguished by light (white or cream) plates; with age, the color of the hymenophore darkens, turning into a brown or even black shade. The spore powder is white or cream in color.
Leg description
A dense, hard, light-colored leg is formed at the podgruzka. Over time, its color changes, becoming darker, almost black.
The diameter of the leg at the base does not exceed 2.5 cm, the length is from 3 to 7 cm
The surface is smooth, the shape is cylindrical.
Where and how does the white-black podgruzdok grow
Favorite places for loading white and black are coniferous and deciduous forests of Russia. In the forests of Asia and America, representatives of this species are quite rare. The main period of appearance is from July to October.
Is the mushroom edible or not
White and black podgruzdok belongs to the edible (IV) category of mushrooms, but the taste of the fruit bodies can be called mediocre. Improper preparation or consumption raw can lead to gastrointestinal upset. Western researchers insist that these representatives of the mushroom kingdom are inedible and even poisonous, but in Russia mushrooms are collected and harvested for the winter.
How to salt black and white podgruzdki
To prepare using the quick salting method, you will need the following ingredients:
- loadouts white and black - 2 kg;
- citric acid - ½ tsp;
- salt - 2.5 tbsp. l .;
- brine water.
The preparation of mushroom bodies consists in thorough washing from debris, needles and dirt adhering to the surface. The film is easily removed from the cap, so it can be cleaned off. If there are yellowed areas, they are cut off.
Step-by-step salting technology:
- The washed fruit bodies are placed in a saucepan and poured with brine consisting of water and 1 tsp. salt.
- Place the saucepan on the stove and simmer for 20 minutes.
- Citric acid is added to a container with mushrooms, the contents are mixed, the burner is turned off.
- Remove from the stove, drain the water, allow the mushrooms to cool.
- The brine is prepared from water and salt per 1 liter of 2 tbsp. l.
- The load is poured with warm liquid, and the cans are closed.
The cold method takes about a month, but the mushroom bodies are crispy and aromatic. For this method of salting, the following components are required:
- mushrooms - 2.5 kg;
- allspice - 5-6 peas;
- bay leaves - 2-3 pcs.;
- horseradish leaves - 2 pcs.;
- dill - 1 bunch;
- cherry and currant leaves - 5 pcs.;
- salt - 125 g.
Step by step cooking process:
- Peeled and washed mushrooms are soaked in cold water for a day. The room should be cool.
- The readiness for salting is checked by the cap: if it is elastic and does not break, then the mushroom is suitable for further processing. The brittleness of the cap indicates that the product is not yet ready and they continue to soak it, periodically changing the water.
- At the bottom of a wooden or enameled container, lay out all the leaves indicated in the recipe.
- The mushrooms are loaded in layers about 5 cm thick, sprinkling each with salt.
- Top with dill and set the load.
After a month of loading, you can use it for food.
Doubles and their differences
The white-black load has similar types that are easy to confuse if you do not know the main differences.
The lamellar podgruzdok is very similar to the white and black variety. Types differ in taste. It belongs to conditionally edible, can be used for food after soaking and boiling. Another difference is that the flesh on the cut first turns red and then blackens, and in white-black it immediately darkens.
Frequent lamellar is very pungent when raw
Blackening podgruzdok is characterized by a pleasant taste with a slight bitterness and a subtle mushroom aroma.
The blackening subspecies of russula refers to conditionally edible
Black podgruzdok grows only in coniferous forests. Another difference is that the flesh on the cut does not turn black, but acquires a brownish tint.
The black species is also classified as conditionally edible.
Conclusion
Podgruzdok white and black is used for winter preparations. It is used in food only after boiling and soaking. Most often, the method of cold or hot salting is chosen for canning.
