Content
Nevezhinskaya mountain ash belongs to sweet-fruited garden forms. It has been known for about 100 years and is a type of common mountain ash. It was first found in the wild near the village of Nevezhino, Vladimir region. Since then, the tree with dessert-flavored berries has been grown in private plots. Rowan is planted as an ornamental tree with fruits of high vitamin value.
Description of rowan nevezhinskaya
Rowan nevezhinskaya is a deciduous tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family. Differs in tallness, when growing in illuminated areas forms a spherical crown, in the shade - triangular. But he prefers sunny areas.
The bark is gray-brown, the root system is superficial. The leaves are large, dark green, lanceolate. Abundant flowering begins in May-June. The flowers are white, collected in dense inflorescences. Flowering is accompanied by a sharp aroma for humans, but attractive for bees. Therefore, Nevezhinskaya is a good honey plant.
The fruits of Nevezhinskaya range from light orange to bright red. The berries are larger than those of the common mountain ash. They have a dessert taste without astringency and a high vitamin content. The berries ripen in early autumn and remain on the tree until the cold weather. Seeds are small, light brown in color.
It was noticed that the crops of the Solanaceae family planted next to the mountain ash are not subject to late blight. But with fruit trees, it is recommended to plant rowan separately.
Nevezhinskaya variety is winter-hardy, unpretentious to growing conditions. The flowers can withstand temperatures as low as -2.5 ° C. The tree is acclimatized for cultivation in Siberia. Begins fruiting in the 5th year of cultivation.
Shows high yields, including in rainy and cold summers, when other garden trees do not have good fruiting. Rowan nevezhinskaya is a long-lived tree and has been growing in one place for about 30 years.
Nevezhinskaya rowan varieties
Rowan nevezhinskaya has 3 varieties, which are similar in crown shape, but differ from each other in color and taste of berries. Rowan Nezhinskaya or Nevezhinskaya is one and the same culture. The name "Nezhinskaya" was given by one winemaker back in the last century to hide the real name of the tree and not share sweet berries with others who want to get them.
Nevezhinskaya cubic
Kubovaya is the more common variety of all three, belonging to the Nevezhinsky. The berries are orange with red in color, and have a pentahedral shape.
The taste is sweet and sour, without astringency, the weight of one berry is 0.5 g. The variety is fruitful. With shaping, it can be grown in the form of a bush. From the vat variety, crossed with the Businka and Juicy varieties, the Doch Kubovoy and Solnechnaya varieties were formed.
Nevezhinskaya yellow
According to the name, the berries of this variety are distinguished by an orange-yellow color. In the photo of the nevezhinsky yellow rowan, you can see that the tree is large, but its branches are more tonic than those of the vat.Also, the branches are plastic - they bend, but do not break under the weight of a large number of fruits.
The berries are round in shape, ribbing is noticeable. The fruits of the yellow variety are used for making kvass, jam, tinctures. They are harvested by drying and wetting.
Nevezhinskaya red
The variety differs from the other two types of Nevezhinsky by its larger bright red berry. In terms of sweetness, the red berry also surpasses the vat and yellow.
The pulp of Nevezhinskaya red mountain ash is juicy, with a sugar content of 10-12%. The tree may differ in the frequency of fruiting. The yield increases with the age of the plant.
The benefits and harms of rowan nevezhinsky
The fruits of Nevezhinskaya are used for vitamin deficiencies and reduced immunity, the restoration of the body in the postoperative period. In terms of vitamin C content, berries are superior to lemon and currant. In terms of the general multivitamin composition, they are similar to sea buckthorn.
Nevezhinskaya contains a high amount of iron, pectin and sorbitol. It is a dietary berry. Normalizes blood sugar levels, improves sleep and mood.
With all its positive properties, rowan berries should not be used by people with low blood pressure, prone to allergic reactions, women during pregnancy and lactation. Berries tend to increase blood clotting, so they are not recommended for people with a predisposition to thrombus formation.
The use of rowan nevezhinskaya
Rowan nevezhinskaya is used as an ornamental and food tree. Berries are used for the preparation of tinctures, preserves, marshmallows, jam and compotes. Fermented teas are prepared from the leaves. The fruits are consumed fresh and dried. The berries are also suitable for feeding farm animals and poultry.
Solid furniture is made from wood. Vegetables stored in cellars and piles are shifted with leaves.
Planting and caring for nevezhinskaya rowan
In order to get the garden look of sweet nevezhinsky rowan, it is necessary to purchase a sapling-cutting or grafted on an ordinary rowan rootstock. This deciduous, ornamental tree is unpretentious to grow and care for. Mountain ash, including varietal, can grow safely on different types of soils, but light and medium loams are preferred for planting.
Landing site preparation
Nevezhinskaya is planted in bright, high areas. The tree is not afraid of drafts, so it can be used to protect from the winds of more thermophilic crops. When planting in groups, a distance of about 2 m is observed between trees.
Young trees with a bare root system are planted in the spring after the melt water melts or in the first period of autumn before the onset of frost. When planting in spring, it should be borne in mind that the culture starts to grow early.
Landing rules
For planting a 1-2-year-old Nevezhin mountain ash, a 60 cm planting hole is dug on all sides and depth. When planting older seedlings, the pit is increased according to the size of the root system. At the bottom of the planting pit, a drainage layer is poured - 20 cm.For drainage, a broken brick of a large fraction or stones are used.
Fertile soil is poured onto the drainage. Rotted manure or compost is added to ordinary garden soil to increase fertility. On very poor soils, a handful of any complex fertilizer is applied to the planting pit. Mineral fertilizers are poured between the soil layers so that the roots of the seedling do not come into direct contact with them. The seedling is carefully removed from the container and lowered vertically into the planting pit.
The soil at the planting site is compacted to ensure good contact of the roots with the ground.
Broken or dried shoots are cut off. Planting is watered. At first, the seedling is covered from the bright sun.An ornamental tree takes root for several years and shows little growth in the first years. The culture begins to bloom and bear fruit after 3-4 years, depending on the age of the planted tree.
Watering and feeding
The tree is watered additionally up to several times per season, especially when there is a lack of precipitation and dry soil. With prolonged drought, a young plant may die, and an adult sharply reduces the number of fruits.
Top dressing is carried out once every few years. To do this, a shallow furrow is dug along the diameter of the trunk circle. Manure, compost or mineral fertilizers are introduced into it and covered with a small amount of garden soil.
Pruning nevezhinsky rowan
Rowan nevezhinskaya without forming branches grows into a very tall and large tree. In order to have access to the berries, which are located at the tops of the branches, the growth of the tree is restrained by pruning. The plant, when adjusting the height, forms more side branches and grows well in width. For formation in the spring, before the start of sap flow, the branches are cut 10 cm below the uppermost bud.
In order to form a culture in the form of a bush, a one-year-old seedling is cut above the third developed bud and lead to 3 trunks.
Preparing for winter
Mountain ash is frost-resistant and does not require special shelter for the winter. In order to prevent the light reflected from the snow from overheating the bark in the last winter months, the trunk is covered with screens or wrapped in burlap.
Pollination
The Nevezhinskaya rowan, planted alone, does not bear fruit, because it is a self-fertile tree. In order for the berries to set, several other species of this culture must be planted in the neighborhood.
Harvesting
You can pick nevezhinsky berries as they ripen. In various regions, the berries ripen in late summer - early autumn.
Unlike ordinary mountain ash, there is no need to freeze or wait for cold weather to collect it. Berries taste good even when unripe.
Diseases and pests
Rowan is less susceptible to diseases and pests than other fruit trees in the garden. Most often, infections occur during rainy summers. The most common disease is rust, especially when grown near conifers and shrubs. Fungal diseases can affect leaves and fruits. Bordeaux liquid is used for treatments.
Pests that affect nevezhinskaya mountain ash:
- mountain ash aphid;
- rose aphid;
- hawthorn;
- ringed silkworm;
- rowan leaf roll;
- mountain ash moth;
- sawfly.
To combat and prevent the occurrence of pests, mountain ash, like other garden trees, is treated with insecticides. In autumn, fallen leaves and fruits from under the tree must be raked off and burned because of the risk of pests overwintering in them. For the same purpose, shallow digging of the soil around the trunk circle is done.
Ultrasonic repellers are used to control birds.
Reproduction
For propagation of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash, the seed method is not used, in which the sweet taste of its berries is not transmitted. Suitable for reproduction only in a vegetative way, for example, by grafting or budding. The rowan rootstock, grafted by means of budding, shows good survival rate and fusion with the rootstock. Ordinary or chokeberry can serve as a stock for Nevezhinskaya. Grafted on black chokeberry, Nevezhinskaya grows not as tall as grafted on an ordinary one.
On varietal mountain ash, in turn, you can graft chokeberry, irga or pear. But this will reduce the longevity of the culture.
Conclusion
Nevezhinskaya mountain ash is an ornamental fruit tree, which is used for landscaping areas. Berries are used to fortify the body, especially in winter. Nevezhinskaya looks little different from ordinary wild mountain ash, but its berries do not contain bitterness.Nevezhinskaya is zoned throughout Russia and is unpretentious in care.
