Content
Rowan is popular with landscape designers and gardeners for a reason: in addition to picturesque bunches, graceful foliage and bright fruits, trees and shrubs have a high level of frost resistance and undemanding care. Below are the popular varieties of mountain ash with photos, names and descriptions of plants.
Variety of species and varieties of mountain ash
Depending on the type of culture, the size of the trees may vary: the height of the reduced mountain ash is no more than 60 cm, and the size of the Tibetan mountain ash often exceeds 20 m. Low-growing varieties of mountain ash are actively used to decorate small garden plots.
In the autumn, the rowan foliage changes its color, and the bunches acquire a rich red, orange, yellow, pink or white color. The average diameter of the fruits is 1 cm, which is why they are often called berries, but in fact they are miniature apples. Their bright color attracts many birds to the garden, and the white and yellow fruits, due to their unattractiveness to birds, remain on the branches for the winter period. Rowan foliage can have both a complex (feathery) and a simple shape with a single leaf blade and one petiole. The leaf plate is pinnate - with jagged edges, has a length of 10 to 30 cm.The tree also has small white or cream (sometimes pinkish) flowers that form paniculate or corymbose inflorescences from 5 to 20 cm in diameter. They bloom in spring or early summer. Young trees have a smooth bark, which gradually begins to crack with age.
To date, many varieties of mountain ash have been discovered, which are actively used for landscape purposes. Each species has its own unique appearance, as well as decorative qualities and features.
Mountain ash
This variety is the best option for central Russia. The plant can often be found in the wild, in Europe, Siberia, the Far East, and North Africa.
In mature age, the tree can reach up to 15 m in height, it is often found in the form of a large shrub. This plant has large, openwork, odd-pinnate dark green leaves, which in autumn change color to yellow, orange and red shades.
The flowering time of the common mountain ash is the end of July, with a period of about 7-14 days. Small beige flowers sprout on the tree, which form large corymbose inflorescences. They are characterized by a strong specific aroma reminiscent of a fishy one.
This variety of mountain ash is characterized by sweet red berries that begin to ripen at the end of summer and remain on the tree until the onset of frost.
Rowan ordinary is characterized by undemanding care. Its reproduction takes place by the seed method, sometimes the cuttings method is also used. Today, many decorative forms of this species have been discovered, each of which differs in the shape of the crown (spreading, weeping or pyramidal), color and taste of the fruits, as well as deciduous color (white-variegated, golden, etc.).Trees of this variety are often used for planting in garden plots and park areas: both for complex compositions and in the form of single specimens.
Rowan nevezhinskaya
A distinctive feature of Nevezhinsky mountain ash is its fruits without characteristic bitterness. The homeland of this species is the village of Nevezhino, which is in the Vladimir region. A few centuries ago, this variety was actively cultivated throughout the territory of Central Russia, and over time, breeders managed to develop a separate group of decorative forms of the tree. Later they were crossed with other types of mountain ash, as well as with pears, medlar and hawthorn.
Nevezhinskaya mountain ash reaches from 10 to 15 m in height in adulthood, has a dense wide-pyramidal crown. This is a tree with a smooth bark of a pale brown or reddish-burgundy shade and solid rounded-elliptical leaves with a jagged shape of the edges. Young leaves have a white-tomentose color that turns green over time. In mid-autumn, the foliage takes on scarlet and brown hues. The flowering period of the tree begins in June and lasts approximately 7 to 10 days. Small white flowers are collected in large corymbose inflorescences. Edible, round in shape, the fruits of the tree up to 2 cm in diameter have a rich fiery color, their ripening occurs in September. The fruits of the variety are very juicy, without a tart aftertaste, with a high content of biologically active substances, and the content of vitamin C in them exceeds its concentration in lemon. Nevezhinskaya mountain ash has a high level of frost resistance, it tolerates air pollution well. It grows and develops best on alkaline soil. Reproduction takes place with the help of seeds; the plant rarely lends itself to grafting. This species has several garden ornamental varieties, which are characterized by large inflorescences and golden foliage. The best pollinator for such a mountain ash is the Businka variety.
Rowan home
Rowan home, or large-fruited (Crimean), grows throughout Europe (with the exception of its northern parts), Crimea, northwestern Africa and southwestern Asia.
In adulthood, the culture can reach from 15 to 30 cm in height, has a wide-pyramidal or spherical crown shape. This is a type of mountain ash with large (up to 20 cm in length) odd-pinnate leaves, similar in appearance to the foliage of rowan ordinary. The flowering time is in the first half of June and lasts, on average, 1.5 - 2 weeks. Large wide-pyramidal inflorescences are formed by small white or pinkish flowers up to 2 cm in diameter. This species is also characterized by a high level of winter hardiness and drought resistance, and is practically not attacked by pests. The plant is propagated by seeds. In gardens, this species is actively used to create decorative alleys, as well as in the role of a fruit tree. Fully ripe fruits have a sweet taste and are used for both culinary and medicinal purposes.
Rowan intermediate (Swedish)
These are trees with an oval crown shape, reaching 10 - 20 m in height, the growing territory of which is Northern Europe. The species is characterized by smooth gray bark and intact oblong-ovate leaves, which are slightly divided into lobes. In autumn, the foliage of the plant acquires rich scarlet and orange tones. The flowering period of the tree is from the beginning of summer, within 7 - 14 days. In large corymbose inflorescences there are small white flowers. Bright red, edible fruits 1 cm in diameter often ripen in mid-August. This species practically does not lend itself to grafting; plants are propagated by seed method or grafting. They adapt well to drought, severe frosts and air pollution.
Rowan hybrid
The variety is widespread in Scandinavia, it is a natural hybrid of intermediate and common mountain ash.An adult tree reaches 10 - 15 m in height, young seedlings have a columnar or conical crown, which at maturity takes on a rounded shape. Solid, lobed leaves take on a rusty brown hue in the fall. Flowering begins in late May - early June and lasts about two weeks. Large white flowers, up to 2 cm in diameter, form corymbose inflorescences. This type of mountain ash has many edible varieties with juicy fruits of bright red color up to 1 cm in diameter, which ripen in September. The culture is best propagated by seed and cuttings.
Common rowan varieties
Rowan is the most popular species of this plant with many decorative varieties in various colors, from orange to bright red.
Scarlet large
Rowan Alai large is one of the most valuable varieties of common mountain ash, belongs to the middle late ripening period. In the process of hybridization, specialists used a mixture of pollen from several pear species. This is a tree of medium height (up to 6 m) with a pyramidal crown of medium density and juicy fruits weighing more than 4 g, which outwardly resemble cherry berries and almost do not taste bitter. Cylindrical, slightly flattened mini-apples of regular shape have an average weight of 1.7 g and a slightly ribbed scarlet-red surface. They are characterized by a sweet and sour taste and a spicy mountain ash aftertaste. The variety is distinguished by a particularly high level of winter hardiness and can adapt to frosts down to -50 ° C. The plant is classified as a fast-growing universal variety. The yield of one adult tree, on average, is more than 150 kg.
Bead
Rowan Businka belongs to low-growing varieties, its height at maturity does not exceed 3 m. This is a tree with an average density of the crown of a rounded shape and ruby-red round fruits, the taste of which is very similar to the taste of cranberries. These are fruits with a juicy creamy pulp with medium density and a sweet and sour aftertaste without bitterness or astringency. The Businka variety begins to bear fruits 4-5 years after planting. It is characterized by love of the sun, a high level of frost resistance and disease resistance. The yield level of the variety is stable, good transportability.
Pomegranate
The variety Rowan pomegranate is a hybrid of mountain ash and large-fruited hawthorn. A mature plant reaches 3 - 4 m in height, has fruits the size of cherries. The fruits have a sweet and sour, slightly tart taste, practically without bitterness. The variety is also characterized by a high level of winter hardiness and yield, begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting.
Beauty
The Krasavitsa variety is a hybrid of rowan and pear. It is a tree with a wide pyramidal crown, reaching more than 6 m in height at maturity. The variety is characterized by a plentiful annual yield. Slightly tart large fruits of the tree weighing up to 2 g have a rich orange-red color and an uncharacteristic oblong shape.
Hope
The tree of the Nadezhda variety is low, with large (1.8 - 2 g) fruits, which contain a variety of substances valuable for the body. This is one of the fastest growing and most productive varieties.
Ruby
The Rubinovaya variety is a dwarf plant (2 - 2.3 m in height) with a spreading crown shape and large fruits (1.8 g) of ruby color with a characteristic sweet and sour aftertaste.
Titanium
Variety Titan is the result of crossing rowan, pear and red-leaved apple. A tree of medium growth with a wide rounded crown has large (up to 2 g) fruits of a dark scarlet color with a bluish bloom on the surface. It is one of the most winter-hardy varieties with an abundant annual yield.
More about the specific features of mountain ash - in the video:
Varieties of sweet-fruited mountain ash
The famous Russian breeder IV Michurin became the discoverer of sweet rowan varieties: thanks to his labors such varieties as Burka, Granatnaya, Dessertnaya, Likernaya appeared.The modern list of this species is unusually wide.
Burka
The Burka variety is one of the garden forms of mountain ash, resulting from the crossing of alpine sorbaronia and common mountain ash. Fruiting of the plant begins in the 2nd - 3rd year of growth. This is a short tree with a compact crown, reaching at a mature age no more than 2.5 m in growth. The variety is characterized by simple pinnate leaves and a high level of frost resistance. Rowan Burka gives a rich yield (more than 50 kg per tree). Medium-sized brown fruits have a slightly tart taste and can last for 3-4 months.
Vefed
Rowan Vefed resembles from Nevezhin mountain ash. This variety with an average ripening period is characterized by a thin rounded crown. In adulthood, the plant can grow up to 4 m in height. It is a small tree with a stable level of fruiting and orange-pinkish shiny fruits weighing more than 1.5 g. They have a yellow, tender, sweet and sour pulp, therefore they are completely suitable for fresh consumption.
The variety also has a high level of frost resistance, disease resistance and abundant fruiting, which begins from the 3rd - 4th year of growth. The ripening period of the crop falls on the second half of August.
Sorbinka
Rowan Sorbinka belongs to the representatives of the mid-autumn ripening period. The tree of this variety is small in size (at maturity reaches 6 m in height) with an obovate crown of medium density. it begins to actively bear fruit in the 4th year of growth. The variety is characterized by rounded red fruits weighing more than 2.7 g and yellowish, juicy sweet and sour pulp without astringency and bitterness. The culture grows and develops best in sunny areas, it is winter-hardy and practically not susceptible to diseases.
Dessert Michurina
The people also call this variety "miracle berry". This small tree, reaching up to 2 m in height, is distinguished by active flowering in the spring. From July to August, large (1.5 - 2 g) edible fruits of a rich ruby color with a sweetish-tart aftertaste ripen on the tree. They are rich in organic acids and minerals, which is why they are often used both for the preparation of compotes and teas, and in folk medicine.
Likernaya Michurina
The Likernaya variety is the result of crossing the Burka variety with an apple and a pear. A tree with a sparse crown, reaching up to 5 m in adulthood, gives large fruits up to 15 mm in diameter with a dark, from burgundy to black, color and bluish bloom, sweet and sour taste, containing ascorbic acid in high concentration. They are used for making desserts and as a seasoning for soups and sauces. The variety is characterized by a rich yield (up to 120 kg) and a high level of drought and winter hardiness. The rowan of this variety begins to actively bear fruit in the 5th year after planting, the period of its flowering refers to the end of May - beginning of June. The fruits begin to ripen in the first half of autumn, usually in September.
Fresh fruits can last up to a month. In order for the tree to bear fruit better, experts advise cross-pollination.
Daughter of the vat
This variety has an early autumn ripening period. A medium-sized tree with a sparse paniculate crown begins to bear fruit abundantly in the 5th year from the moment of planting. The variety is characterized by fruits of an oblong shape of a rich fiery color weighing 2 g. Fruits with yellow flesh without tart and bitter aftertaste. The Daughter Kubovoy variety has active fruiting, the average yield of one tree is up to 90 kg. The ripening period of fruits falls on August, they are used both fresh and for seaming. The most optimal for the variety is loose soil, the tree also does not tolerate waterlogging.
Sugar Petrova
Rowan sweet-fruited Sugar Petrova is considered one of the rarest varieties of the plant, which was practically lost, but the breeders were able to restore and propagate the plant. Sugar Petrova is the sweetest variety of mountain ash, its fruits have a sugar taste. They are used to make wines, liqueurs, juices, compotes, jelly, and jams. Moreover, they contain vitamin C (the concentration of which is higher than in lemon), carotene (more than in carrots) and P-active substances (more than in apples). Rowan apples of this variety also contain sorbitol, a natural sugar substitute for people with diabetes, and iron, which is 3-4 times more than in any fruits and berries.
Sunny
Rowan Solnechnaya belongs to the group of plants of early autumn ripening period. It is a medium-sized tree with a paniculate crown, thick, greenish-gray shoots and complex, odd-pinnate, dark green leaves with a serrate-crenate edge. It begins to actively bear fruit in the 5th year of growth. The variety is distinguished by oblong, weighing up to 2 g, fruits of bright orange color, with a cherry tint. They contain a rich yellow flesh with a pleasant sweet taste without astringency or bitterness. Their ripening time begins in mid-August. Due to the rich content of vitamins and nutrients, rowan fruits are actively used in the field of traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of diseases.
Moravian
The Moravian mountain ash is a tall tree with a narrow-pyramidal crown, which gradually becomes wide-pyramidal with age. The leaves of the tree reach up to 25 cm in length; they differ somewhat in shape from other varieties. One leaf contains from 7 to 9 pairs of smaller leaves, which move 2 - 3 cm apart from each other on a common petiole, which gives the crown an openwork look. The leaf plate has a lance-shaped shape and pronounced openwork edges. Rowan Moravian begins to bloom 1 - 2 days later than other varieties, it is characterized by large inflorescences and oval-shaped fruits up to 1 cm in diameter with a scarlet-red color and pale orange juicy and sweet pulp without a tart aftertaste.
Ornamental rowan varieties
Some varieties of mountain ash are most actively used for decorating a garden and summer cottages - due to their high decorative qualities. In addition to the usual scarlet and black mountain ash, the breeders managed to bring out unique varieties with fruits of yellow, orange and even white tones.
Yellow
It is a variety with odd-pinnate compound leaves, which consist of 10 - 15 narrow, serrated leaves. In summer, they have a dark green color, which changes to bright yellow and red shades with the onset of autumn. Thin flexible branches of the tree with a bountiful harvest tend to the ground. Small-sized white flowers of yellow rowan form inflorescences 8-10 cm in diameter, and its fruits, collected in large clusters, are inedible for humans in their pure form, but very attractive for birds. They are also used to make mountain ash kvass, jam or as an original filling for pies.
Twinkle
This variety is the perfect solution for beginner growers looking for an early harvest with a rich flavor. A short tree, distinguished by its unpretentious care and abundant yield, produces fruits, the color of which changes along with the ripening stage: at the initial stage they have a light yellow hue, which eventually changes to bright scarlet. The main advantage of this variety is its resistance to all kinds of unfavorable weather conditions: such mountain ash easily tolerates both drought and severe frosts.
Cubic
The Kubovaya variety, bred using the selection method, is a derived form of the Nevezhinsky mountain ash. This tree with an average height and a sparse paniculate crown has large, thin leaves and short, pointed, lanceolate leaves.It is characterized by bright orange, without perceptible astringency and bitterness, oblong fruits with juicy, delicate flesh of bright yellow color. The grated fruits of mountain ash of this variety are consumed fresh, and also used for preparations for the winter (preserves, jams or marmalades). Their ripening period falls on the first half of September. The Kubovaya variety is used both in the creation of single plantings and in the preparation of garden compositions.
Kene
Rowan Kene belongs to dwarf varieties (up to 2 m tall) with edible, sour fruits devoid of bitterness and astringency. Its maximum yield is no more than 2 glasses. Despite this, this rowan variety is highly prized in the field of garden design for its rich decorative qualities. The fruits of the tree begin to ripen in August, have a snow-white color, and their length is no more than 6 - 7 mm in diameter. Rowan Kene begins to bloom and bear fruit actively from 5 years after planting.
In garden design, the method of combining different varieties of mountain ash is actively used. So, combining, when planting on one site, the varieties of mountain ash Zheltaya, Alaya large and Kene, you can get an excellent garden composition.
Rowan varieties for the Moscow region
The best varieties of mountain ash for the Moscow region include:
- Titanium;
- Liqueur;
- Pomegranate;
- Vefed;
- Sorbinka;
- Nevezhinskaya;
- Moravian;
- Scarlet large;
- Bead;
- Dessert Michurina.
The price of one rowan seedling depends on its age and decorative qualities. In nurseries of the Moscow region, the cost of an annual tree seedling, on average, is 600 rubles.
Rowan varieties for Siberia
The best varieties for the harsh climate of Siberia include:
- Moravian mountain ash;
- Bead;
- Burka;
- Nevezhinskaya;
- Dessert;
- Scarlet large;
- Pomegranate mountain ash;
- Titanium;
- Sorbinka.
The non-gentile mountain ash adapts best to winter conditions; it is especially important for trees of all other varieties to create optimal conditions for a comfortable existence. To avoid winter death, experts recommend grafting sweet-fruited varieties on the crown of Nevezhinsky.
Rowan flowers can easily withstand temperatures down to -3 ° C. However, it should be noted that this variety reacts negatively to shading. Gardeners also claim that after freezing, the taste of the fruit becomes much better and richer.
It is best to purchase rowan seedlings in nurseries. It is important to ensure that they are free of any mechanical damage, since in the future this can lead to problems with the development of plants, and even to their death.
Conclusion
The presented rowan varieties with a photo, name and description help to understand the richness of the species diversity of this culture. Each plant variety has its own unique properties. So, the fruits of sweet mountain ash are valuable for their vitamin and mineral composition, due to which they are used both in cooking and in the field of traditional medicine. And decorative varieties are successfully used in landscape design for decorating plots.
