Content
- 1 The history of the emergence of hybrids
- 2 Distinctive features of hybrids
- 3 Cerapadus varieties
- 4 Padocerus cultivars
- 5 Planting and caring for bird cherry and cherry hybrids
- 6 Hybrid follow-up care
- 7 How a hybrid of cherry and bird cherry reproduces
- 8 What can be made from a hybrid of bird cherry and cherry
- 9 Conclusion
A hybrid of cherry and bird cherry was created by IV Michurin, by pollination of Ideal cherry with pollen of the Japanese bird cherry Maak. The new kind of culture was named cerapadus. In the case when the mother plant is bird cherry, the hybrid is called padocerus.
The history of the emergence of hybrids
At the beginning of hybridization, the breeder took steppe cherry and bird cherry as a basis, the result was negative. Michurin's next decision was to replace the common bird cherry with the Japanese Maaka. Pollination was carried out in two directions, cherry flowers were crossed with bird cherry pollen and vice versa. In both cases, a new stone fruit culture was obtained. The scientist gave the name from the first syllables of the Latin designation of species - cherry (cerasus), bird cherry (padus).
The new hybrids were not immediately recognized as independent berry plants; they only partially inherited the characteristics of the parent species. Cerapaduses and Padoceruses had a branched, well-developed root system, formed inflorescences and the number of fruits, as in the parent varieties, and resisted diseases well. But the berries were bitter with an almond scent, small. The first generation of hybrids was later used as a rootstock for breeding new varieties of cherry or sweet cherry.
Distinctive features of hybrids
During a long work on breeding a culture with a minimum number of flaws, we got Cerapadus sweet. The berry plant has inherited fruits from the Ideal cherry:
- the shape of the berries of a hybrid of bird cherry and cherry is rounded, of medium volume;
- the peel is thin, dense, the pulp is dark red;
- the surface is glossy, closer to black;
- taste - sweet and sour, well balanced.
From Maak, the hybrid received a strong root system, frost resistance. Cerapadus has strong immunity, thanks to bird cherry, the plant practically does not get sick and is not affected by pests.
A feature of cerapadus and padoceruses is the possibility of using them as a rootstock for less resistant varieties of cherry or sweet cherry. The grafted varieties safely tolerate low temperatures, they are grown in regions with a temperate climate, the range has spread far beyond the borders of the Central Region of Russia.
Created on the basis of the first hybrids, Cerapadus varieties have not only high frost resistance, they give a high, stable berry yield. Fruits are large with cherry flavor, with a slight aroma of bird cherry. A tree with many branches and shoots, the leaves are similar to those of a sweet cherry, slightly oblong in shape. The plant forms a dense crown, pressed against the trunk, of a domed shape.
Later, cultivars of Padocereuses with the appearance of bird cherry were obtained, the fruits are located on bunches, the berries are large, black, with a cherry sweet taste. They bloom in early spring, flowers are not afraid of recurrent frosts.
Berries of a culture of universal use. Consumed fresh, used for making jam, compote, juice. The plant is unpretentious to care for, self-fertile, most of the varieties do not require pollinators.
Advantages and disadvantages of dukes
The culture obtained by crossing bird cherry and cherry has a number of advantages:
- has a powerful root system;
- resists low temperatures well;
- gives berries enriched with microelements and vitamins useful for the body;
- fruits in taste combine the sweetness of cherries and the aroma of bird cherry;
- self-pollinated hybrids, always give a high yield;
- unpretentious in agricultural technology;
- resistant to infection, rarely affected by garden pests;
- serve as a strong rootstock for thermophilic cherry varieties.
No downsides were found in Padocereuses and Cerapaduses during the cultivation period.
Cerapadus varieties
In the photo there are hybrids of bird cherry and cherry, where the parent tree is cherry.
The most popular and widespread are Cerapadus Novella:
- tree height - up to 3 m, branched crown, intensely leafy;
- it is not affected by coccomycosis;
- has a well-developed root system;
- frost-resistant;
- large berries - up to 5 g, black with a glossy surface, grow singly or in 2 pieces;
- the plant is self-fertile, no pollinators are needed.
The Novella variety is grown in the Central Black Earth Region, Kursk and Lipetsk regions.
In memory of Lewandowski - grows in the form of a shrub, up to 1.8 m high. The berries are large, sweet and sour, with a distinct taste of bird cherry. The variety is not self-fertile, the neighborhood of pollinating varieties of Subbotinskaya or Lyubskaya cherries is necessary. The culture is frost-resistant, tolerates high temperatures well. The yield is average, depending on the quality of pollination, weather conditions do not affect fruiting. The variety is new, it was taken out for cultivation in the Northern regions.
Cerapadus Rusinka - a special cultivar for the Moscow region. Plant in the form of a shrub up to 2 m tall, with a strong crown and powerful root. Medium early fruiting. The yield is high due to the self-pollination of the hybrid. Berries of medium volume, black, very aromatic. Sweet and sour with burgundy pulp. The bone is well separated. This hybrid is often grown commercially to make cherry juice.
Padocerus cultivars
Hybrid varieties of padocerus are not inferior in varietal characteristics to cerapadus, many cultivars even surpass in taste. The most popular among gardeners is the Kharitonovsky variety, derived from the basic Padocerus-M hybrid:
- The variety grows in the form of a tree, reaching a height of 3.5 m.
- Frost-resistant, tolerates temperatures as low as -400 C.
- Mid-season, not self-fertile, requires pollinators.
- The fruits are bright red, the flesh is orange, the weight of the berry is up to 7 g, it grows singly.
Grown in the Voronezh, Tambov, Lipetsk regions, in the Moscow region.
Firebird - Padocerus grows in the form of a bush up to 2.5 m. Fruits are dark red, with the tartness of bird cherry, are formed on the brush. The average size of fruits is up to 3.5 cm. The yield is high, resistant to infection. Average frost resistance, the crop is not suitable for growing in temperate climates. Areas with a warm climate are recommended.
Padocerus Crown - a young hybrid, characterized by high productivity, frost resistance. Fruits are purple in color, arranged in clusters on the cluster. The taste contains a pronounced aroma of bird cherry and a slight sourness. It grows in the form of a shrub, reaches a height of up to 2 m. The leafiness is medium, the crown is loose. The plant does not get sick, it is not affected by pests. Areas of Central Russia are recommended for cultivation.
Planting and caring for bird cherry and cherry hybrids
The culture is bred with seedlings purchased in specialized stores or reputable nurseries. The culture is rare, rarely found in gardens, you need to be sure that you have purchased exactly cerapadus, and not a similar fruit crop.
Algorithm for planting seedlings
It is possible to place cerapadus and padoceruses on the site in the spring after the snow melts or in the fall 3 weeks before the onset of frost.The culture tolerates low temperatures well, freezing of the root system does not threaten it. Hybrids take root well due to the developed root system.
The place for planting is determined on an area open to ultraviolet radiation, shading is not allowed, the seedling is protected from the effects of the cold wind. The soil is preferably neutral. Fertile to moderately fertile. Drainage does not play a role, the root of the cerapadus, which penetrates deeply into the soil, the close location of groundwater for a hybrid is not dangerous.
The planting recess is prepared 21 days before the autumn planting. If the planting material is planted in the spring (approximately at the beginning of April), then the pit is prepared in the fall. The holes are made in a standard size - 50 * 50 cm, depth - 40 cm. If a group planting is planned, the root circle of an adult plant is about 2.5 m, the seedlings are placed at intervals of 3 m from each other. Row spacing - up to 3.5 m.
Before planting, a mixture of sand, peat and compost is prepared in the same proportion, either potash or phosphorus fertilizer is added - 100 g per 3 buckets of soil. Can be replaced with the same amount of nitrophosphate. The root of the hybrid is dipped in a solution that stimulates growth for 2 hours before being placed in the hole.
Sequencing:
- Pour 1/2 of the mixture onto the bottom of the groove.
- They make a small hill out of it.
- A root is installed on a hill, it is carefully distributed.
- The second part of the mixture is poured, compacted so that there are no voids.
- They fall asleep to the top, the root collar should remain on the surface.
Water and mulch with a layer of straw or sawdust, needles are not used for mulch. Within 2 years, the seedling gives a slight increase. This is the time of formation of the root system. The following year, the cerapadus grows rapidly and forms a crown. The tree begins to bear fruit in the 5th year.
Hybrid follow-up care
Cerapadus, like bird cherry and cherry, does not require special agricultural technology, the plant is unpretentious, especially an adult one. Near young seedlings, they loosen the soil and remove weeds as needed. The hybrid gives a dense root growth, it must be cut off. Watering the cerapadus is not required, there is enough seasonal rainfall, in a drought it is enough for a young tree once every 30 days of intensive watering at the root. The seedling is fertilized at the time of planting; subsequent feeding is not needed.
A mandatory procedure is the processing of the hybrid before sap flow in the spring with Bordeaux liquid, whitewashing the trunk in autumn and spring. The hybrid practically does not get sick, and it is not affected by insects. For prevention or if problems are detected, the fruit crop is treated with the biological product "Aktofit". No additional measures are required for the hybrid.
The culture is formed after 3 years of growth. The stem of the tree is formed up to 60 cm in height, the skeletal branches are left on 3 tiers. The lower tier of the branch is longer, the subsequent ones are shorter than the previous ones. Formation is carried out in early spring before sap flow or in autumn, when the tree is at rest. In the spring, old, dry branches are cut. Thin the crown, cut off the root shoots. By the fall, preparatory measures are not required, only the root of the seedlings is covered with a layer of dry leaves or sawdust. Shelter is irrelevant for an adult tree.
How a hybrid of cherry and bird cherry reproduces
The hybrid of cherry and bird cherry is propagated only by cuttings. Planting material is taken only from trees that have entered a full fruiting phase. Daughter shrubs must be at least 5 years old. Cuttings are cut from the tops of young shoots. The length of the shoot should be at least 8 cm. The planting material is placed in fertile soil and harvested in the shade. When the cuttings form a root, they are determined to a permanent place of growth.
What can be made from a hybrid of bird cherry and cherry
Many varieties of the culture give fruits sweet, juicy, aromatic, they are eaten fresh.No matter how delicious the berries are, they combine both cherries and bird cherry; not everyone likes their exotic taste. There are varieties of hybrids that give fruits that are tart, with bitterness, their taste shades disappear after heat treatment. Therefore, the berries are recommended to be processed into juice, jam, preserves, compote. You can make homemade wine or herbal liqueur. Regardless of what the berry will be processed for, a stone is first removed from it, which contains hydrocyanic acid.
Conclusion
A hybrid of cherry and bird cherry became the founder of many varieties grown throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. The culture inherited from the bird cherry a good immunity to infection, frost resistance, and a strong root system. The cherry gave the hybrid the shape and flavor of the fruit. Plants are grown as a fruit crop or a strong rootstock for cherries, plums, sweet cherries.
