Content
Originally from faraway China, Chinese cabbage found many admirers around the world, including in Russia. It is grown by many gardeners in their summer cottages in an effort to get a good harvest of very useful and tasty vegetables. At the same time, the cultivation of Peking cabbage in the open field can cause some difficulties associated with non-observance of the temperature regime, regularity of watering, parasitizing pests and other nuances. So, below in the article there is a detailed guide on how to grow Peking cabbage in the garden correctly, to avoid difficulties and get a rich harvest of vegetables.
The uniqueness of culture
Peking cabbage can be found under various names, for example, salad, Chinese cabbage, petsai. A vegetable is a juicy leaves loosely connected to a socket or head of cabbage. They contain a large amount of ascorbic and citric acid, vitamins of group B, A, PP. The vegetable also contains protein and carotene. Such a rich microelement complex allows us to talk about the significant benefits of the vegetable for the human body. It should be noted that the taste of the product is high: the leaves are very juicy, do not contain bitterness, their veins are practically devoid of coarse fibers. It is thanks to the combination of irreplaceable benefits and excellent taste that Peking cabbage is popular with culinary experts and gourmets all over the world.
Time to sow the seeds
The Beijing vegetable has a fairly short ripening period, which, depending on the variety, is 35-60 days. Such early maturity allows, even in domestic climatic conditions, to harvest crops twice a season. At the same time, it is very important to pay attention to the timing of sowing the seed, since untimely sowing can provoke flowering. So, sow seeds for growing Chinese cabbage in the spring-summer cycle, it follows in mid-April (for seedlings) or from late May to mid-June (in open ground). At the same time, for the first growing cycle, it is recommended to prefer varieties with an early ripening period.
In the summer-autumn period, long-ripening varieties of crops can be grown, since such vegetables can be stored subsequently for a long period of time. Seeds are planted in the summer-autumn cycle from late July to mid-August. In this case, the timing of sowing seed for seedlings and directly into the ground coincide.
Growing methods
Experts distinguish two ways of growing Peking cabbage: sowing with seeds directly into the ground, where the vegetable will grow until fully ripe, or by growing seedlings. So, the technologies for growing crops and the features of these methods are given below:
Sowing by seed into the ground
The Beijing vegetable has a very whimsical root system. She does not tolerate picking at a new growing place, which is why the culture is more often sown with seed in the ground. At the same time, there are two ways of sowing cabbage in the beds:
- In rows... For this, shallow long grooves are made along the entire length of the ridge. The distance between two adjacent grooves should be at least 50 cm. The seeds are sown at an interval of 20 cm to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. Subsequently, such crops will need to be thinned out.
- Into the holes... The method involves sowing cabbage seeds into shallow holes located at a distance of at least 35 cm from each other.2-3 seeds are sown in each hole, and with the emergence of seedlings, the crops are thinned out, leaving only one, the most powerful sprout.
Peking vegetable seeds should be sown on a well-lit, sun-lit area of land dominated by nutritious, loose soil. Garlic, onions, potatoes, cucumbers, and carrots are good precursors for a vegetable. It is not recommended to sow cabbage seeds in areas where radish or mustard previously grew.
After sowing the seed in the soil of the ridge, it is necessary to water and sprinkle it with wood ash to prevent the parasitism of the cruciferous flea. When sowing a crop in spring, it is recommended to additionally cover the ridges with plastic wrap to create the most favorable microclimatic conditions for the culture. Depending on the temperature conditions, cabbage shoots appear in 3-10 days.
Seedling method
The seedling method is more often used in the spring-summer cycle of growing vegetables, since it allows you to get a harvest relatively early. So, the vegetable ripens and is ready for use on average 25-30 days after the seedlings dive into the ground.
Given the whimsicality of the root system, Chinese cabbage seedlings should be grown in peat pots or tablets. This will allow you not to remove the plant from the container while diving into the ground.
Particular attention must be paid to the soil in which the seedlings will grow. It should be well-drained, lightweight, nutritious. You can prepare such a substrate by mixing in equal proportions of peat and garden soil. Peat containers should be filled with such soil, after which it should be compacted and the seeds should be sealed to a depth of 0.5-1 cm. Crops should be watered and placed in a room with a temperature of + 20- + 220C. If the technology is observed, the shoots appear in 3-4 days.
Containers with Chinese cabbage seedlings should be placed in a well-lit, sunny place with a temperature of no higher than +220C, but not lower than +180C. Watering young plants is necessary as the soil dries. A few days before planting in the ground, watering the seedlings should be stopped.
Diving seedlings into the ground
Vegetable seedlings can be dived into open ground, to the greenhouse or greenhouse... In this case, the soil should be saturated with organic matter and have neutral acidity. Plants should be dived at the age of 25-30 days. At this time, cabbage seedlings should have 5-6 true leaves.
Planting of plants must be carried out in compliance with the distances:
- In protected ground, there should be at least 20 cm between adjacent plants. Such a pick involves the subsequent intermediate cutting of plants for consumption until full maturity.
- In the open field, a distance of 25-30 cm should be maintained between cabbage.
When using peat containers for growing seedlings, during the picking, the plants do not need to be removed by embedding containers in the ground. The natural material will soon begin to decompose and turn into organic fertilizer. In this case, the root system of cabbage is injured in the smallest forms, and the culture does not significantly slow down its growth. After picking, plants should be watered abundantly and the soil in the garden should be powdered with wood ash.
Caring for cabbage in the garden
The Beijing vegetable prefers to grow in conditions with intense lighting, high soil moisture and cool air. It can be quite difficult to create such a microclimate outdoors. That is why many farmers use geotextiles when growing vegetables. Cabbage wrapped with this material is protected from direct sunlight and overheating. Also, geotextiles are a barrier to the entry of pests.
The best temperature for growing a crop varies from +15 to +220FROM.Deviations from these indicators slow down the growth of cabbage and reduce its yield.
Watering plants should be done regularly. So, it is recommended to water Peking cabbage with warm water abundantly once a week. If the soil is too dry, you can periodically additionally water the plantings. Mulching also slows down the evaporation of moisture from the soil. The soil should be mulched 2 weeks after the dive of the seedlings or 3 weeks after the emergence of seedlings in the case of sowing seeds directly into the ground. It should be noted that soil mulching is also a preventive measure in the fight against weeds.
Top dressing is also a mandatory procedure when growing Chinese cabbage. Primary feeding of plants is recommended before mulching. As a fertilizer, you can use an infusion of mullein or chicken droppings. Also, the culture responds well to the introduction of the herb infusion. The application rate of such dressings is 1 liter per 1 plant. Peking cabbage grown in spring and summer must be fed three times. Planting Chinese cabbage in open ground and a greenhouse in the summer-autumn period requires feeding twice.
Some gardeners, when growing a vegetable, resort to the use of boric acid. It helps the cabbage to set better. The substance is used to prepare a solution in a ratio of 2 g per 1 liter of warm water. After thorough mixing, the resulting concentrate is diluted in a bucket of cold water and used to spray cabbage.
So, knowing the rules for growing Chinese cabbage and caring for it, it is easy to get a good harvest. This task will certainly be feasible not only for an experienced, but also for a novice gardener.
Pest control
Knowing how to plant Chinese cabbage, it is very important to know and how to protect it from all kinds of pests. So, a vegetable has two main enemies: a slug and a cruciferous flea. You can fight them with the help of special drugs or folk methods. At the same time, preventive measures are equally important. For example, timely planting of seedlings in the ground, covering crops with polyethylene, rolling cabbage with geotextiles and dusting the soil with wood ash allow you to fight cruciferous flea on distant approaches. Also, in the fight against this pest insect, the use of mixed plantings shows high efficiency: by planting potatoes, cucumbers or tomatoes next to cabbage, you can scare away the insect.
If the preventive measures did not bring the desired result, and the cruciferous flea nevertheless struck the cabbage crops, then biological products should be used that will not worsen the quality of vegetables. These include "Bitoxibacillin" and "Fitoverm". It is possible to use such chemicals as Iskra, Aktellika and some others only in the most extreme cases. In general, there is a large amount of funds so that the efforts devoted to planting and caring for Peking cabbage are not wasted.
Cabbage slug is another gluttonous pest that can eat plenty of Peking cabbage in the garden. It is quite difficult to deal with it. One of the methods is mechanical collection of pests. To do this, put boards or burdock leaves on the garden bed. The slug will surely crawl under such a shelter, where the “keen eye” of the gardener should find it. You can also use a folk remedy in the fight against slugs: a mixture of ash in a volume of half a liter with two tablespoons of salt. Additionally, dry mustard and ground red pepper must be added to this mixture. Sprinkle the cabbage with this mixture.
Using preventive plant protection and methods of popular pest control, for sure, it will be possible to defeat even the most ferocious enemy in the struggle for the harvest of Peking cabbage.The use of chemicals should be approached with extreme caution, so that later the cabbage does not harm the health of the consumer.
Cabbage on the window
Few people know that Peking cabbage, so tasty and healthy, can be grown not only in the garden, but also on the window. Such cultivation of Chinese cabbage can be practiced in the winter. The method can also help out lovers of greenery, who do not have a vegetable garden at all.
You can grow Peking cabbage on a window from the waste of an already used head of cabbage. So, its upper part, neatly, horizontally slices, can be used for preparing salads or other culinary dishes. The remaining stump must be placed on a saucer with water. Soon this stump will delight you with fresh green leaves, which can be safely used in cooking. An example of how to grow Chinese cabbage at home is shown in the video:
Conclusion
Thus, Chinese cabbage can delight with its taste and bring benefits to human health all year round. It grows well in open beds and under the protection of a film, geotextile and even on a window in an apartment. At the same time, it is not difficult to get a good harvest, for this you need to timely sow, water, and fertilize. It is also necessary to fight pests in a timely manner using preventive methods, but in the case of especially progressive attacks of insects and slugs, you can resort to folk remedies or biological products. Only in this way, using his knowledge and skills, paying enough attention, the gardener will be able to grow a wonderful, healthy Peking cabbage with his own hands.
