Content
The main goal of every gardener who grows sweet bell peppers on their plots is to get a tasty and large harvest. One of the main criteria for choosing planting material is the adaptation of seeds to sowing and growing in a particular climatic zone. The best varieties of sweet peppers for central Russia, these are well-proven varieties and hybrids that are resistant to sharp fluctuations in temperature, high humidity, diseases and pests characteristic of these regions.
Planting material processing
Despite the fact that foreign and domestic breeders are trying to breed varieties whose seeds have already been disinfected and prepared for sowing, for planting in central Russia, it is necessary to carry out control processing of the planting material. Such preventive work will make it possible to reduce the risks of morbidity and increase the rapid germination of the seed.
The following activities are related to pre-processing of planting material:
- Calibration grains by immersing them in a saline solution. The seeds are lowered into a spacious container with a solution for just a few minutes. Poor-quality planting material, as a rule, floats up. The one that remains at the bottom of the container can be prepared for sowing.
- Sorting... After drying the seeds remaining at the bottom, carry out sorting, selecting for further use only the smoothest and largest seeds without visible defects.
- Disinfection... This is a mandatory event for any planting material, regardless of whether it was carried out by the manufacturer, since the seeds could be stored in places with high humidity and be susceptible to fungi or viruses. The procedure is carried out by immersing the grains in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After 15-20 minutes, the material is removed and washed in warm running water.
- Soak... Another very important stage in the preparatory work, allowing you to speed up the processes of pecking and germination.
- Growth stimulation... Recently, this procedure has received well-deserved recognition from gardeners growing sweet peppers in central Russia. The planting material is soaked in nutrient solutions and biostimulants, which increase the activity of the processes of pecking and the rapid growth of seedlings.
- Hardening... Since the middle zone of Russia is a climatic zone with unstable spring weather and gradual warming of the air and soil, sweet pepper seeds are hardened. Placing the planting material in a small container with a tight-fitting lid, it is sent to the refrigerator and kept there for 2-3 days.
- Bubbling... It is carried out at the end of the preparatory complex and consists in the fact that the planting material is, as it were, "calcined", acting on it with high temperatures.
If you decide to carry out pre-sowing measures, follow a strict sequence. For example, you cannot soak seeds and then immerse them in disinfection solutions, or carry out bubbling before hardening.
How and when to plant in central Russia
The first thing that every novice gardener and agrarian must remember is that pepper is a thermophilic culture.The period and timing of the growing season, as well as how large and high-quality the harvest will be, will depend on how and when you plant seedlings in open ground or in a greenhouse.
For the middle regions of Russia, farmers offer a list of recommendations that must be used when planting:
- The growing location must be chosen so that it is protected from the gusty north wind.
- The soil for planting bell peppers is prepared in advance, removing it from excess debris and weeds.
- If you are planting pepper in the second stage, note that the best yields are obtained in those beds where legumes or root crops grew before it.
- Before planting, the soil must be loosened, ensuring sufficient drainage, but not overdoing it, since the soil must retain the amount of moisture necessary for the plant;
- In each square meter of the prepared substrate, add 1 glass of wood ash, 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and superphosphate and a teaspoon of urea. It is advisable to do this while digging the beds.
As a rule, all varieties and hybrids of sweet peppers have rather long growing seasons, so it is necessary to sow seeds for seedlings already in mid or late February. In the second half of May, the seedlings can be transferred to open ground.
For central Russia, there is a standard scheme for planting seedlings - 30x30 cm.If forecasts indicate a possible return of frost in the air and on the soil, cover the newly transplanted seedlings with plastic, film or special covering material.
The best varieties of peppers for open ground
Early hybrids and varieties of sweet pepper are planted in the open ground of central Russia, forming fruits as soon as possible. This is due to the fact that the summer in the regions is cool, and there are not many warm weather days.
Asti
Great large-fruited an early variety of Italian selection. It is used for cultivation not only in central Russia, but also in Western Siberia. Well adapted to lower temperatures in the air and sudden cold snaps on the ground.
The bush is compact, undersized in open field conditions, it can reach a height of 50-60 cm, in greenhouses - up to 70 cm. The fruits have a regular cuboid shape, juicy, with a dense greenish-yellow skin. The growing season does not exceed 100 days. During the harvesting period, the mass of one pepper is 200-250 g, with a wall thickness of up to 1 cm.
It is sown for seedlings in the last days of February. When 2-3 true leaves appear, the plant dives, and a week before transferring to open ground, they must be hardened. Scheme planting varieties "Asti" 40x60 cm. In the process of growth and fruiting, it is picky about loosening the soil and feeding. From 1m2 harvest up to 10 kg of fruit.
Arap
The variety is intended for cultivation in greenhouse conditions and in open areas of the garden under a film cover. The plant does not exceed 70 cm in height, therefore it belongs to the category of undersized. "Arap" refers to early maturing varieties, with a full growing season of 110 days.
The fruits are cone-shaped, in the process of growth they are painted in lilac color, in the period of full maturity - in red. The average weight of one pepper is 90-110 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 6 mm. The main distinguishing characteristics of this variety are its universal use in cooking and complete resistance to ECP. Up to 4-5 kg of sweet and juicy fruits are removed from one bush of the "Arap" variety.
Antique dealer
Red sweet bell pepper, recommended for cultivation in central Russia. The "Antiquary" bush belongs to the category of medium-sized plants, during the period of growth arrest it can reach a height of 1.2 m. It gives good yields (up to 9-10 kg per 1 m2) in greenhouses and under film shelters.
The fruits are colored deep red and have a regular prism shape. The skin is dense, glossy.The average weight of one "Antikvar" pepper is 250 gr., With a wall thickness of at least 5 mm.
"Antikvar" is appreciated among farmers due to its versatility. Its fruits are used for canning, freezing and cooking. Due to the high content of vitamin C in them, they are widely used in baby and diet food.
Annushka
A beautiful yellow pepper with a regular prismatic shape and a sweet juicy taste. The plant belongs to the category of medium-sized, early maturing. The first crop can be harvested as early as the hundredth day after the seed has hatched.
Distinctive features of the Annushka variety are resistance to heat and irregular watering. That is why the plant is well suited for growing not only in central Russia, but also in its southern regions. The weight of one pepper in the period of full maturity can reach 130-150 grams, while the fruit wall is not thicker than 5-6 mm. In fruitful months from 1m2 up to 10 kg of fruit can be harvested.
Boyarin
Early ripe a variety of bell peppers, bred by breeders specifically for the regions of central Russia, adapted for low temperatures in the air and on the soil, and is resistant to fusarium.
The plant is compact, with a complete stop of growth does not exceed 65-70 cm. Fruits in the process of ripening have a green color, in biological maturity - red. The weight of one Boyarin pepper ranges from 100 to 160 grams. From 1m2 during the harvesting period, up to 5 kg of fruits can be harvested.
Vesuvius
An early ripe sweet pepper variety for greenhouse and outdoor cultivation. The plant does not grow more than 80-90 cm, is resistant to lower temperatures, high air and soil humidity, TMV lesions.
The fruits can be colored light green or red. The mass of one pepper during the full ripening period is 130-150g, with a wall thickness of up to 7 mm. With proper care and regular additional nutrition, up to 4-5 kg of the crop is harvested from one bush.
Good man
It is one of the earliest, thick-walled sweet peppers with very early growing seasons. The first fruits of the "Good Boy" can be removed already on the 90th day after the seed has hatched. The plant is powerful, but compact, the height of the bush does not exceed 80 cm. The fruits are rounded, the skin is red or green, sweet and juicy, without bitterness.
Distinctive features of the variety - high resistance to viral and fungal diseases, "friendly" yield. From 1m2 in the process of harvesting the fruits, up to 13-14 kg of pepper can be removed.
Emelya
This variety deservedly received the title of the best pepper for open ground in central Russia. The plant is classified as early maturing (vegetation period 110 days) and compact. The height of the bush does not exceed 70 cm in open areas and 1 meter in greenhouse conditions.
"Emelya" is a universal Bulgarian pepper used for salads and cooking, canning, freezing. When fully ripe, the fruits are bright orange. The skin is dense, with a wall thickness of up to 6 mm. The average weight of one pepper is 100-120 grams, while up to 8 kg of fruit can be removed from one bush.
Early varieties of pepper for planting in the open field of central Russia represent a wide range of products. In addition to those listed above, they include such as "Boatswain", "Behemoth", "Junga", "Freckle", "Nafanya", and many others.
Hybrids and varieties for greenhouses and greenhouses
Foreign and domestic selection every new season pleases gardeners with new planting material for growing vegetables in greenhouses and hotbeds. Hybrids of sweet pepper and hot pepper varieties have early germination, high yields, and resistance to changes in climatic and weather conditions.
By choosing pepper seeds Bulgarian and its varieties for central Russia, pay attention to those that combine taste, early maturity and high yield. The following varieties are recommended by farmers for growing in greenhouses:
Blondie F1
A hybrid of sweet peppers for growing in greenhouse conditions and outdoors using stationary film shelters. The variety belongs to the mid-season, the height of the bush does not exceed 90 cm, and the growing season is only 110 days.
Fruits of an even, prismatic shape, in the period of full ripening, have a rich yellow color. The weight of one pepper ranges from 130 to 150 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 7 mm. Distinctive features of the Blondie hybrid are resistance to acidic soils, TMV diseases. When grown in greenhouses, it tolerates drought, high temperatures and humidity well. Up to 8 kg of juicy and dense pepper are removed from one bush.
Goodwin F1
The hybrid belongs to early maturing, tall and high-yielding varieties for cultivation in central Russia. The height of the bush in greenhouse conditions sometimes exceeds the mark of 2.5 m. The plant requires additional supports and a garter. In addition, Goodwin is a moisture-loving variety that requires abundant and regular watering. The growing season lasts 110-115 days.
The fruits are colored red or dark green and have an even prismatic shape. The average weight of one pepper is 220-250 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 10 mm. With proper care, "Goodwin" gives high yields - up to 10 kg of tasty and juicy fruits are removed from one bush.
Cardinal F1
A short, compact hybrid with an early ripening period. The first crop can be harvested as early as 90 days after the seed has hatched. The height of the bush during the period of stopping growth, even in a greenhouse, does not exceed 60 cm, but, despite this, "Cardinal" gives rather high yields. From 1m2 you can remove up to 15 kg of delicious, fleshy peppers.
The fruits are smooth, cuboid. The skin is smooth, glossy, colored light purple. The average weight of one sweet pepper can be 250-270 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 1 cm. Distinctive features of the hybrid are the demand for regular feeding with mineral and organic fertilizers, resistance to TMV, fungal and putrefactive infections.
Latino F1
The hybrid belongs to the early maturing, with a bush height of up to 1.3 meters. "Latino" has excellent taste and has a fairly presentable presentation. The fruits are colored bright red and have a regular cuboid shape. During the period of full maturation, the mass of one pepper "Latino" can reach 200-220 gr, with an average wall thickness of 1 cm.
The main features of the hybrid are that the plant has a powerful stem and a strong root system. "Latino" is resistant to temperature extremes, immune to TMV, fungal infections. Up to 10 kg of juicy and tasty fruits are removed from one bush during the harvesting period.
Conclusion
When choosing planting material for planting in central Russia, you must remember that each plant in open areas or under a film and carbonate shelter requires an individual approach. Pay attention to the variety descriptions on the packaging, consult with experienced gardeners and farmers on the proper care and nutrition of sweet peppers.
And more about the secrets of growing bell peppers, watch the video:
