Content
Competently and timely feeding peas in the open field means providing them with good growth and development, and yourself - a high yield with excellent taste characteristics. Different types of fertilizers are used for the crop. It is important to comply with the terms and dosage, safety rules.
Rules for feeding peas in the open field
Proper fertilization is important for any crop. When feeding peas, you need to follow these rules:
- When sowing, use water-soluble compounds.
- After planting in open ground, top dressing should not be carried out for at least two weeks. This period is spent on the adaptation of culture in a new place.
- When using fertilizer solutions, it is important to water the peas abundantly beforehand. This measure prevents burns of the root system.
- Foliar dressing is best planned for the evening, when the sun's activity ends. If the day is cloudy, work can be done early in the morning.
- Do not exceed recommended dosages. Highly concentrated fertilizers can cause burns to the root system, aboveground parts of plants.
- Use nitrogen sparingly. With its excess, nitrates accumulate in the fruits, and the shelf life is reduced.
- Organic fertilizers should not be placed under the plants, otherwise the risk of excess biomass gain and root decay increases.
Peas are themselves fertilizers for other plants, enriching the soil with nitrogen compounds.
Fertilizers for peas in the garden before planting
The need for feeding peas before planting depends on the preparation of the site in the fall. If the soil is fertile and slightly acidic, then during digging, a potassium-phosphorus complex is introduced, per 1 m²:
- potassium salt 30 g;
- superphosphate 60 g.
In the spring, they dig up the ground again, add 10 g of nitrate per 1 m². In addition to fertilizing the soil, the seeds are treated before planting. Effectively use micro and macro elements:
- molybdenum;
- iodine;
- iron;
- manganese;
- copper;
- cobalt.
Fertilizers for peas
Peas are an unpretentious crop, because some gardeners, when grown on fertile soil, do without additional feeding. In fact, the plant is demanding on the composition of the soil. With a shortage of certain elements, its condition, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the crop may suffer.
Organic fertilizers
Many experts do not recommend using organics for peas. They bring it under the previous culture.
Popular options are:
- siderates;
- manure;
- bird droppings;
- peat;
- compost.
Potash-phosphorus fertilizers for peas
Peas absorb phosphorus intensively. The element has several important tasks:
- stimulation of the growth of the root system;
- increased activity of nodule bacteria;
- reduction of harmful effects with excess nitrogen.
Potassium is important for phosphorus metabolism in the nutritional system of the culture. A sufficient amount of element provides the following benefits:
- increased drought resistance;
- strengthening immunity to disease;
- improving metabolism.
With a lack of potassium, tissues of old leaves begin to die off.
Excess potassium is fraught with accelerated formation and maturation, stunted plants, grinding beans
Trace elements
Trace elements affect the rate of various processes in the life of plants. Their shortage will not destroy the culture, but it can reduce the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the crop.
One of the most important elements for peas is molybdenum. Its significance is great:
- regulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrocarbon exchanges;
- neutralization of nitrates;
- influence on the rate of redox processes;
- impact on the formation of chlorophyll, the production of vitamins.
Lack of molybdenum negatively affects metabolic processes, slows down the synthesis of proteins and amino acids. As a result, the yield and its quality are reduced. Fertilizer is applied in the form of ammonium or ammonium-sodium molybdate or molybdenized superphosphate.
Another trace element important for peas is manganese. He has several tasks:
- activation of enzymes;
- promoting the synthesis of vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins;
- participation in respiration, photosynthesis, protein-carbohydrate metabolism.
With a deficiency of manganese, the color of the pea leaves becomes lighter, dead areas appear. The culture is more susceptible to chlorosis, the root system does not fully develop.
Boron is important for peas, which, together with manganese, catalyzes the reactions of photosynthesis. The element is necessary for culture throughout the entire life cycle.
Copper is one of the most important trace elements for peas. Most often it is used in the form of copper sulfate. The role of the substance is as follows:
- participation in photosynthesis;
- regulation of protein transport;
- doubling the content of phosphorus and nitrogen;
- protection of chlorophyll from destruction.
Copper serves not only as a fertilizer, but also as a means for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.
Bacterial
The use of microorganisms in the cultivation of peas contributes to its nutrition. The following options are popular:
- Agrophil;
- Rhizoagrin;
- Mizorin;
- Rizotorfin;
- Flavobacterin.
The bacteria for such fertilizers are usually isolated from the roots of healthy plants. The drugs act in a complex way, stimulating growth and development, improving nutrition and moisture exchange, increasing immunity.
Seeds can be poisoned with bacterial drugs, peas can be fed in June or other months. The dosage depends on the season and purpose of use.
Terms of top dressing
Opinions about the timing of top dressing vary. The famous candidate of agricultural sciences Oktyabrina Ganechkina advises using fertilizers twice:
- during flowering;
- when the first shoulder blades appear.
Nitrogen fertilizers for feeding peas in the spring are applied before sowing. Usually urea (urea grade B) is used.
The introduction of phosphorus and potash fertilizers for peas is carried out in the fall for digging. If this stage is skipped, then it can be carried out in the spring, but the efficiency will decrease by 30-50%.
Fertilization methods and dosage
Top dressing of peas during flowering and fruiting is carried out by root or foliar method. In addition to these methods, a distinction is made between pre-and pre-sowing fertilization. The peculiarities of their use depend on the chosen form of substances.
Fertilizer name | Method of application | Dosage per 1 m² |
Liquid organic | Root, use a watering can without a strainer | 3 liters of solution, prepare from 1 tbsp. l. per bucket |
Nitroammofoska | When watering, it must be dissolved in water | 1 tbsp. l. for 10 l |
Ammonium molybdate | In the soil before sowing or in rows during it | 0.02-0.03 g |
Manganese sludge | 3 g | |
Boron (borax) | 0.03-0.06 g | |
Copper sulfate | 1-2.5 g | |
Boric acid | Spraying seeds | For 100 g of seeds 10 mg in 1 l of water |
Urea | Under the spring digging | 2-12 g |
Nitrogen fertilizers in granules | Apply before abundant watering, when plants reach 5-8 cm | 20 g |
When sowing, the formulations are applied dry. It is more convenient to make grooves for planting, rather than holes. After placing the fertilizer, sprinkle with earth. Minimum layer 2 cm.
When planting, fertilizers can be applied not in the same furrow where the seeds are sown, but in an additional one - they do it at a distance of 2 cm
It is allowed to feed peas in the open field with folk remedies:
- When shoots appear - a green infusion of nettle and dandelions.
- To stimulate growth, yeast 1:20, infusions of wormwood, chamomile, yarrow, shepherd's purse. Dry the plants, grind, add a handful to 1 liter of warm water, leave for a week. Use as spraying.
- Feeding peas with ash. This fertilizer is saturated with magnesium salts, a glass of 1 m² is enough. Ash is also useful for acidic soil. It is brought in in the fall, 0.3 kg per 1 m².
- Mullein. Dilute in ten parts of water. Use at the beginning of flowering, reapply for bulk bean formation.
It is better to feed peas during flowering with liquid fertilizers.
Safety regulations
When feeding peas, it is important to remember not only the rules for making the compositions, but also safety.
Highlights:
- Use personal protection. Closed clothing and gloves are required. If fertilizers are sprayed, protect yourself with a respirator or mask.
- After finishing work with fertilizers, wash your hands and face thoroughly. Use soap.
- Do not exceed the recommended dosage. This can be harmful not only for culture, but also for humans and the environment.
- When applying top dressing, exclude weeding and loosening of the soil.
- Do not store fertilizers near food, drinking water, clean clothes, hygiene items.
An important point is the correct storage of fertilizers. If its conditions are violated, the effectiveness of the composition may be lost, its properties may change. When buying, be sure to read the instructions and other recommendations on the packaging.
Conclusion
With proper preparation of the site in the fall for the season, it is enough to feed the peas in the open field twice, since the culture is undemanding to growing conditions. She needs some trace elements, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. It is important not to overuse feeding, to follow the rules of their introduction and safety of use.
