Content
Internal chicken coop device directly affects the health and productivity of the bird, therefore, the interior of the bird's apartments, perches in the hen house and nests for hens - layers should first of all be convenient for the inhabitants, and only then be beautifully decorated or practical in cleaning.
Why is it so important to choose the right roost option?
Despite many different tales about the closeness and primitiveness of the chicken, in fact, the bird is distinguished by a very subtle flair, observation, fearfulness and intelligence. Anything that scares or worries will sooner or later affect productivity and health. Therefore, they try to build the internal environment and nests with their own hands, observing at least three conditions:
- The room should be free of foreign odors, a lot of light or other irritants. If they stop removing droppings in the hen house, the chickens instantly begin to get sick;
- Inside the hen house, it is necessary to make a normal flow of fresh air, while there should be warm, sunny areas, and separately cold shaded areas;
- The location of the roost and nests for chickens indoors is chosen in such a way that everyone who entered the hen house moves only along the resting places or nest boxes.
The bird perceives any movement "to the front" or along the shortest distance to the resting place as an attack, and is ready at the first opportunity to escape or change its position. Therefore, the nests in the chicken coop are tried to be closed as much as possible, and removed from the front door and direct sunlight as far as possible.
An exception may be grown-up young animals, which, due to their curious nature, can ignore the fear of an invasion of their territory. Such birds do not need rods for roosting, they can spend the night anywhere and in any way.
How to make roosts and nests really comfortable
After building a chicken coop, the first thing you need to do is to divide the inner territory of the room into several sectors:
- Feeding and drinking area;
- Half of the premises are allocated for the arrangement of the roost and the place for spending the night;
- At least a quarter is given for nests for layers;
- A separate, isolated unit is set aside for sick and quarantine birds.
The size of each compartment of the hen house is determined depending on the total population and the number of layers. In a properly built chicken coop, the bird practically does not get sick. One nest is usually shared by two or three birds. With the arrangement of perches, the situation is more complicated, since in a chicken society, as in any flock, there is a division into groups, most often by age.
Arrangement of a roost for chickens
The roost consists of several horizontal slats or poles, fixed on walls, stands, or simply knocked into one frame structure using ordinary nails. More recently, lattice or mesh perches, fixed on wooden boxes for collecting droppings, have begun to be used, photo.
It is difficult to judge how convenient the louvres are for resting, but the fact that the net is not the most comfortable construction for chicken paws is obvious.
The best option for arranging a sleeping and resting place for a chicken will be ordinary poles 4-6 cm in diameter, not necessarily even and smooth, most importantly - strong, and with soft wood. In village chicken coops, with rare exceptions, an ordinary croaker made of pine, walnut or fruit trees is used to equip the perch.No one uses commercial wood blocks, even after the surface is rounded off, the chicken paw grip remains uncomfortable.
The perch poles must be long enough, at least 1.5-2 m, and strong, withstand the weight of at least 10 chickens, with a total weight of up to 35 kg. In addition, a properly secured pole should not “play” or turn. The roost is collected from three to four tiers, the lower one is closest to the aisle and is installed at a height of 35-40 cm above the floor. The second and third rows are raised by 30-35 cm.
For laying hens, you can install a couple of additional rails with your own hands, making it easier for young and elderly birds to jump and move along the perch. For heavy and lazy broilers, it is imperative to make a ladder, and the poles themselves are lowered by 15-20 cm. The design of the perch in the hen house must be made so that resting chickens do not obstruct the approach to the nests and feeding places.
How to make perches in a chicken coop, their height and size, are usually chosen based on the number of birds so that there is no crushing when feeding. The height of the ceilings in the hen house depends on the height of the perch, usually they try to make sure that at least 70 cm remains from the ceiling to the upper pole.
Due to the thick feather cover, the bird always has problems with heat exchange and self-regulation. Saves only a small draft blowing through the chicken coop room. Therefore, on the wall opposite from the entrance to the chicken coop, it is necessary to make a barred ventilation window, measuring 15x20 cm, with your own hands.
The air vent should be positioned so that the straight line from the coop entrance to the vent is under the perch. In this case, the flow of inflowing air will enable the birds to survive the hot summer at the height of the perch, without digging holes in the ground. In addition, the optimal location of the perches relative to the entrance dries the room well with an air stream and removes extraneous odors.
The door at the entrance to the chicken coop must be made double. A frame half the size of the door leaf is additionally hung to the usual plank sash with their own hands. The sash can be made with your own hands from a regular rail and tightened with a metal mesh.
To simplify cleaning of the chicken coop, a plastic or tin tray can be installed under the perch for collecting manure. The fence is best made of galvanized corrugated sheet with a wave height of 15 mm. The sides of the pallet on three sides can be bent and strengthened with your own hands using a wooden slat so that the sheet does not bend during cleaning and carrying. After cleaning, the cleaned surface is covered with a thin layer of sand and clay.
At the entrance to the chicken coop, next to the perch, they put a feeder and drinkers. For 5 chickens, one feeder and two drinkers are enough; for a larger number of birds, it is necessary to make two feeding places, located 100-150 cm from each other. In addition to the grain feeder, you can make an additional tray for the plant mass, tops, cut grass, and separately make an ash-house next to the perch - a large trough with grated ash and sand.
An obligatory attribute of a good chicken coop is a window. The bird needs sunlight, like air, so it will be correct to place the window opening directly opposite the perch, so that at noon the maximum sun penetrates into the chicken coop room.
Laying nests for hens
Before making the nests, you need to find the best place to install them. Usually a row of several nests is moved to the opposite side of the perch. Thus, birds entering the hen house can equally freely go to the nests or roost.
In addition, you will need to make several options for a nest for chickens and determine which one is more popular with the birds. No matter how strange it may sound, but beautiful, built according to the recommendations of poultry farmers or purchased ready-made nests, chickens can be ignored.Therefore, when laying a chicken coop, it is necessary to make several options for a nest for chickens, and the bird itself will decide which one is better, and then you just need to copy the option you like. If this is not done, then there will be very few eggs in the established nests for hens, and most of the eggs of the hens will be laid in the most inappropriate places.
Sometimes poultry farmers claim that the cause of this phenomenon is parasites, strong odors or some unknown factors, including proximity to the roost. Of course, all nests for chickens should be made as accessible as possible, the litter should be periodically cleaned and renewed with carefully dried grass and straw.
Nest designs for chickens can be very different. The easiest way is to make a nest in the form of an open box with side boards, 20 cm high and a front side of 5-7 cm, without a roof. The main condition is that the nest should be far from the perch, located at a low height and not in contact with other nests. This will make the process of laying eggs as safe as possible.
Sometimes they try to make nests in the form of a large box, with a roof and a central entrance, similar to a birdhouse. Even for winter, this is not the best nest option. It is better to make a warm nest in the form of one long box, separated by partitions. The relatively close location will allow the hens to warm up faster, and the presence of partitions will keep the laid eggs from damage. The box with nests can be made portable so that if necessary, carry and install closer to the heater.
In addition, the nest must be made so that the sunlight entering the hen house does not fall on the layers, otherwise the bird, "sealed" in the box, may receive heatstroke. The hen is very curious by nature, so it is important to make the space around the hens as free as possible so that the bird can see the entrance to the hen house and the roost poles. Having the opportunity to observe the behavior of congeners, the chicken quickly calms down.
Conclusion
Many nuances and details of arranging a chicken coop, perch, nests become clear only after a dozen years of breeding a bird. The experience gained allows you to make the life of a chicken calmer and more satisfying, which always turns out a hundredfold in the form of eggs and meat. Problems most often arise when from 5-10 chickens go to keeping a tribe of 50-100 heads. And even for such quantities, you can make a normal chicken coop and roost if you understand the behavior and reactions of the bird correctly.
