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The arrangement of any suburban area begins with the construction of an outdoor toilet. This simple building is in high demand, even if the house already has a bathroom. Anyone can build a toilet for a summer residence. To do this, you need to have at hand a simple drawing, several inexpensive tools and building material.
What are outdoor toilets
If you give the structure to a general view, then an outdoor toilet can be with a cesspool for the accumulation of waste or without it. You can independently build a toilet of the following design at a summer cottage:
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The design of the simplest toilet consists of a cubicle, under which there is a waste accumulator... If the cesspool is designed for a large number of users, its walls are built capital, for example, from brick or concrete. As the sewage is filled with sewage, the drive of the country toilet is pumped out with a sewage machine. When the toilet is rarely used, the storage tank is made shallow. After filling it, the toilet house is transferred to another place, and the old pit is preserved. The photo shows an example of a country toilet with a cesspool.
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Toilet backlash closet represents the same country toilet with a cesspool, which can be seen in the photo. The design difference is the storage tank itself. In shape, the cesspool from the place of installation of the toilet seat to the general storage tank is increased. Moreover, the bottom of the tank is made with a slope. This allows the waste to be transported by gravity to the general storage. The cesspool of the country backlash closet is made airtight and insulated. You can use such a system in an outdoor toilet for a summer residence or a bathroom inside the house. It is advisable to build a backlash closet indoors at the initial stage of the construction of a country house, since the load-bearing wall of the building is at risk.
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The simplest country toilet is considered to be a powder closet.... Its design does not provide for digging a cesspool. This is a kind of dry closet. Waste is collected in a small container under the toilet seat. Moreover, after each visit to the toilet, feces are sprinkled with peat. To do this, a separate bucket with powder and a scoop are installed in the house. The powder closet shop is equipped with an additional peat tank and a distributing mechanism. After visiting the toilet, it is enough to turn the handle of the mechanism, and the peat is automatically scattered over the entire bottom of the drive. After filling the container with waste, they are thrown into a compost pit, where a good fertilizer for the garden is obtained. Such a toilet for a summer residence is suitable for a rare visit by people. An example of a dacha powder-closet system can be seen in the photo.
Before starting to build a toilet in the country with your own hands, it is important to determine the depth of the groundwater. The choice of design will depend on this. A toilet with a cesspool is suitable for a summer cottage where the layers of groundwater are located deeper than 2.5 m.In all other cases, you will have to be content with a powder closet or bury a whole barrel of plastic in the ground.
Choosing a place for a country toilet
Despite the simplicity of the design, the toilet built in the country should not cause discomfort to neighbors, as well as serve as a source of soil and water contamination. They choose a place for an outdoor toilet, guided by sanitary rules that require respect for the distance:
- to any water sources - 25 m;
- to basements, residential buildings - 12 m;
- to the bathhouse or summer shower stall - 8 m;
- to a neighbor's border or fence - 1 m;
- to shrub plantations - 1 m;
- to fruit trees - 4 m.
It is advisable to choose a place for a summer cottage building, taking into account the landscape of the site and the wind rose. In hilly terrain, the outdoor toilet is placed at the lowest point. It is important that the wind carries away bad odors in the opposite direction from their own and neighboring residential buildings.
The construction of a country toilet begins with a cesspool
Under the street toilet, in addition to the powder closet, it is necessary to dig a cesspool. There are many options for arranging the tank. If we are already considering how to build a toilet in the country from start to finish, then we must start with a cesspool.
Determine the size of the cesspool for the country toilet
Before digging a pit, the first question arises, how to correctly determine its dimensions. Let us immediately dwell on the depth, which should not exceed 3 m. The size of the side walls of the tank depends on the number of people living. If there is enough building material, the cesspool can be made large. Then it will have to be pumped out less often. Usually, a cesspool with a depth of 2 m is dug under a simple street toilet, and the width of the walls is made from 1 to 1.5 m.
If the sewerage from the house is connected to the cesspool, the volume of waste water per month for each person living in the country is taken into account. For example, a family of three will spend about 12 m per month3 water. The cesspool is made with a margin, so a volume of up to 18 m is desirable3.
Features of the construction of a cesspool
A cesspool for an outdoor toilet in the country is built from all kinds of materials available on the farm. Red brick, cinder block, concrete rings, plastic and metal containers, old car tires are used. The cheapest, reliable and easiest to build is a brick pit. It can be sealed or not. In the first case, the bottom is concreted up to 15 cm thick. The lined walls are plastered with concrete, and the top is treated with bitumen mastic.
If the soil at the summer cottage has good absorbent properties, the cesspool is made leaky. The bottom of the storage tank is covered with a 15 cm layer of sand and gravel. It turns out drainage, through which the liquid will be absorbed into the ground. The brickwork of the walls for a leaky pit is staggered. Through the resulting windows between the bricks, the liquid will additionally be absorbed into the soil.
From above, the cesspool is covered with a concrete slab with a service hatch, as well as an opening for a toilet seat. If there is no concrete slab, the tank is covered with tin, a reinforcing mesh is laid, and then poured with concrete. It turns out a homemade reinforced concrete stove.
Cesspool made of reinforced concrete rings
The most reliable is a pit made of concrete rings. The made reservoir can last up to 100 years in the country. The complexity of construction lies only in the fact that lifting equipment is required to immerse the rings into the pit.
So, taking from half a meter of a margin of the diameter of the reinforced concrete ring, they dig out a pit.The bottom is concreted in the same way as for a brick cesspool. If you managed to buy a concrete ring with a finished bottom, then it is installed immediately into the pit. Before this, it is advisable to pour a 10 cm layer of sand under the bottom. The following rings are stacked on top of each other. If there are connecting locks at the ends of reinforced concrete products, it is enough to get into the grooves during installation. In the absence of locks, the joints of the rings are made on a concrete solution for tightness, and they are fastened together with metal rings.
The finished cesspool is treated with bitumen for waterproofing, and covered with a concrete slab on top.
Cesspool from a plastic container
If the construction of a toilet in the country is impossible due to groundwater, a plastic container will come to the rescue. The pit is dug a little larger than the dimensions of the tank. Work on such a site is performed during a period when the groundwater is low. Under the plastic container, the bottom must be concreted, and 4 metal loops are fixed to the reinforcing mesh. They should protrude from the concrete in height so that the plastic tank can be tied to the hinges. This is done so that, when raised, the groundwater does not push the light container out of the ground like a float.
After the concrete has hardened, the plastic tank is installed in the pit. The container is tied to the loops with cables. Backfilling is performed simultaneously with the filling of the reservoir with water, otherwise the soil pressure will compress its walls. It is better to fill the gap between the walls of the tank and the pit with a dry mixture of five parts of sand and one part of cement. When the tank is completely filled up, water is pumped out of it with any pump.
The video tells about the cesspool:
The procedure for the construction of a country toilet house
When building a toilet for a summer residence with your own hands, step-by-step instructions will help you determine the order of work. From the very beginning, it is important to draw up a diagram of the house, where its shape will be drawn and all dimensions are indicated. Drawings can be made at your own discretion or you can find ready-made ones on the Internet. The optimal size of the toilet in the country is considered: the width of the house is 1 m, the depth is 1.5 m, the height is from 2 to 2.5 m.
For example, we suggest looking at the drawings of the dimensions of the toilet in the country with your own hands, which will help you determine the dimensions of the street house.
The simplest and most common version of a street toilet house is a birdhouse. The photo shows the finished structure, a table of consumables, as well as the structure itself.
The next photo shows a model of an outdoor toilet house in the form of a hut, no less popular for giving.
We make the base of a wooden house
We begin to build a toilet for a summer residence with the preparation of the base. The wooden house is light, so the simplest foundation will withstand it. It is important to consider that at the back of the building you will need to make an opening hatch for cleaning the cesspool and arranging ventilation. It is optimal to displace the house by 2/3 relative to the storage tank.
Having made the markings on the ground according to the dimensions of the future house, we proceed to making the base. It is enough to place four concrete blocks in the corners under a light wooden structure. If it is planned to manufacture the metal frame of the house for sheathing with corrugated board, the foundation can be made from vertically dug pieces of asbestos pipes 1 m long. The inner cavity of the pipe is filled with concrete. On the finished base, we lay waterproofing from pieces of roofing material.
We collect the frame of a wooden house
So, the base is ready, it's time to build a toilet in the country with your own hands according to these instructions:
- We start the work by making a support with right angles. We knock down the frame of the house from a bar with a section of 80x80 mm. We set a jumper approximately in the center of the side bars along the frame. The front wall of the toilet seat will be attached to it.We fix the finished frame with anchor bolts to the concrete base.
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We fill the floor from a board 3 cm thick on the frame. It is important not to forget to leave the hatch under the toilet seat.
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Next, we build a toilet from a bar with a section of 50x50 mm. That is, you must first build the frame of the house. To the already made support with the floor, we fix the racks of the side walls. Moreover, the elements of the front wall should be 10 cm higher than the rear pillars. This will make it possible to give the roof of the country toilet a slope.
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We install jibs diagonally between the racks on each wall of the toilet. These spacers will add strength to the frame. In the front, we install two additional racks for the door. The distance between them is enough 60 cm. Above the future doors to honey with racks, we attach a cross-bar, which forms the frame of the window of the house. Reliable fastening of the racks of the frame of the house is provided by metal overhead corners.
- When the entire frame of the house is ready, we assemble the frame of the toilet seat from the timber. An example of the construction is shown in the photo. We sew the finished toilet seat along the frame with a board.
On this, the skeleton of the future house of the street toilet for the dacha is ready, it's time to start facing.
We sheathe the frame of the country toilet with a board
Facing the house shouldn't be a big problem. We cut the boards to the size of the back and side walls, fit them tightly to each other and nail them down. Depending on the length of the workpieces, they can be attached to the frame vertically or horizontally. Alternatively, the board can be replaced with corrugated board or other sheet material.
Roof and ventilation installation
For the roof, we nail a crate from the board to the upper frame of the house frame. It is enough to provide a 30 cm outlet outside the box so that the rain does not wet the toilet walls. We fix any sheet of roofing material to the crate. Corrugated board, metal tile or ordinary slate will do.
We fix the ventilation pipe with metal strips to the back wall of the toilet. The air duct is made of a plastic pipe 100 mm thick. We immerse the lower part of the riser under the lid into a cesspool to a depth of 10 cm. We bring the top of the air duct 20 cm higher above the toilet roof.
Installation of the door and supply of lighting inside the house
The door for the house can be knocked down from a regular board, you can buy a plastic one or make a frame and sheathe it with corrugated board. We attach it to the uprights with hinges. On the door with self-tapping screws we fasten the handles on both sides and the latch from the inside. To prevent the door from opening at random, the bolt can be additionally placed outside.
If there is a point not far from the country toilet where you can connect an electric cable, it is advisable to stretch the lighting inside the house. This will provide comfort for night use. During the day, the country toilet will be light thanks to the window above the doors.
The video tells about the manufacture of a toilet:
Conclusion
Here are all the general recommendations on how to make a toilet in the country with your own hands using simple drawings.
