Content
- 1 Options for septic tanks for summer cottages
- 2 Construction of a septic tank for a toilet in the country
- 2.1 Requirements for the septic tank
- 2.2 Place of installation
- 2.3 Depth of installation of cameras
- 2.4 Calculation of the volume of chambers
- 2.5 What to make cameras
- 2.6 Digging a pit for the installation of cameras
- 2.7 Construction of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings
- 2.8 Monolithic concrete chambers
- 2.9 Production of cameras from eurocubes
- 3 Conclusion
If people will live at the dacha all year round or stay from early spring to late autumn, in addition to a street toilet, it is desirable to install a water closet in the house. The toilet is connected to the sewer system, and the drains are collected in a storage tank. The inconvenience of using the system is the frequent cleaning of the cesspool, because a large volume of water is drained along with the feces. An installed septic tank for a toilet in the country will save the owner from pumping out sewage and a bad smell in the yard.
Options for septic tanks for summer cottages
By its functionality, a septic tank can be called a toilet without bad smells and pumping. Independently in the country, you can organize different options for such structures.
Homemade overflow septic tank
The name already suggests that something will overflow inside the septic tank. And so it is. The overflow septic tank is an advanced wastewater treatment system. It consists of several chambers, the number and volume of which are calculated according to the number of people living in the country. All sewer branches coming from the toilet bowl and water points are connected to the septic tank.
The septic tank works on the principle of multi-stage cleaning. Sewage through the sewer pipe falls into the first chamber - the sump. Waste is split into liquid and solid fractions. Sludge settles at the bottom of the first chamber, and the water flows through the overflow pipe into the next chamber, where it is further purified. For septic tanks with three chambers, the process is repeated. That is, the liquid from the second chamber flows through the overflow pipe into the third reservoir. No matter how many chambers a septic tank has, the purified liquid from the last tank is drained through drainage pipes to the filtration field, where the last stage of cleaning and absorption into the soil takes place.
A country septic tank can be bought ready-made or assembled from scrap materials. Any containers, reinforced concrete rings are suitable, and cameras can be made monolithic from concrete. The main requirement for tanks is 100% tightness.
Dry closet instead of a septic tank
If it is not possible to install a septic tank, but you want to make a toilet in the country without bad smells and frequent pumping out, you can pay attention to a dry closet. The principle of decomposition of sewage occurs similarly only in one container.
The dry closet consists of a separate booth. It is usually made from lightweight materials such as plastic or corrugated board. The booth is easy to move from place to place and can be installed on a temporary or permanent base. The role of the storage tank is played by a plastic tank with a volume of up to 250 liters. A disinfectant is injected into the tank to help recycle the waste.
The dry closet will work in the country even in winter at subzero temperatures.Improved models are equipped with a self-contained flush tank. Its internal structure of the mechanism independently mixes the disinfectant liquid with water every time it is drained.
The dry closet installed in the country will play the role of a mini-septic tank. The only disadvantage is its more frequent maintenance.
Dry mini septic tank
With a very rare visit to the cottage, it is unreasonable to build a large septic tank. A good option for organizing an outdoor toilet would be the installation of a powder closet. Waste, as in a real septic tank, will be processed into organic fertilizer. The output will be compost for the garden. Powder closet is a toilet seat with a storage. It can be installed in an outdoor booth in the country or inside the house.
After visiting the toilet, the waste is sprinkled with peat. In the process, they are processed into compost. In homemade powder closets, dusting is done manually with a scoop. Store structures are equipped with an additional peat tank with a spreading mechanism.
Construction of a septic tank for a toilet in the country
You can build a septic tank for a toilet with your own hands in the country house from ready-made containers, reinforced concrete rings or concrete. Now we will consider the basic requirements for the design, as well as construction options from different materials.
Requirements for the septic tank
A septic tank is a complex structure, and its performance depends on compliance with the requirements:
- Single-chamber mini-septic tanks are unable to process waste in a quality manner. Only multi-stage wastewater treatment is effective, taking place in at least two chambers. The best option for giving a frequent visit is a three-chamber septic tank.
- It is important to ensure that the sump and processing chambers are completely sealed. If the dacha is located on loose soil, it is allowed to make the last chamber leaky. For this, a drainage bottom is poured out of sand and crushed stone. Part of the treated water will be absorbed into the soil through the filter pad.
When using a septic tank in the country in winter, you need to take care of good insulation of the chambers. Otherwise, liquid drains will freeze in severe frosts.
Place of installation
Despite the fact that a septic tank is a sealed system for collecting and processing sewage, there are sanitary rules for it that determine the place of installation:
- a septic tank is located at least 3 m from sheds and other outbuildings;
- maintain a distance of 2 m from the road and the neighboring border;
- the septic tank cannot be brought closer than 5 m to the house, but it is not recommended to remove it further than 15 m due to an increase in the cost of building a sewer pipeline;
- from any source of water, the septic tank is removed 15 m.
Compliance with sanitary standards will save the owner of the summer cottage from unforeseen problems in the future.
Depth of installation of cameras
Before choosing a container for a septic tank, you need to know the depth of groundwater. If the suburban area is located on a non-flooded area, and the layers of groundwater are somewhere deep in the ground, it is reasonable to choose a vertical installation of cameras. A container of small diameter, but large in length, is buried deep into the ground. At the same time, the volume of the chamber is not lost, and space at the summer cottage is saved.
With a high occurrence of groundwater, preference is given only to horizontal laying of the container, since it will not be possible to dig a deep pit. The larger the chamber, the larger its dimensions, which means that in the horizontal position the container will occupy an impressive part of the land plot.
Calculation of the volume of chambers
In complex sewer systems, the volume of the septic tank chambers is calculated taking into account many indicators. For a summer cottage, it is enough to follow a simple scheme. An example of the calculation can be taken from the table.
The work of a septic tank is a three-day processing of sewage. During this time, bacteria have time to break down the waste into sludge and water. The volume of cameras is calculated taking into account all people living in the country. Each person is allocated 200 liters of water consumption per day. The water consumption of all household appliances and water points is also added here.All results are summed up and multiplied by 3. The approximate volume of sewage in three days is obtained. However, the cameras cannot be selected close to the volume. It is better to provide a small margin.
What to make cameras
When building a septic tank, you can go the easy way and buy a ready-made installation. In the self-production of cameras, plastic containers have proven themselves well. Eurocubes are best suited, as they have a ready-made pallet and a protective metal grill. It is undesirable to use iron barrels for chambers because of the rapid corrosion of the metal.
Reliable septic tanks are considered to be structures made of reinforced concrete rings and monolithic concrete. However, their installation is very laborious, and in the case of reinforced concrete rings, you will need to hire lifting equipment.
Digging a pit for the installation of cameras
Having chosen the location of the septic tank at the summer cottage, they begin excavation work. It is better to dig by hand with a shovel. This will be more difficult to do, but the pit will turn out to have even walls of the required size. The dimensions of the pit depend on the dimensions of the chamber. In this case, a reserve is made for arranging the bottom and side walls.
The pits will have to be dug exactly as much as there will be chambers in the septic tank. Earthen partitions are left between the pits. Their width depends on the terrain conditions, but preferably no more than 1 m. A trench is dug in the partitions for laying the overflow pipe. Another trench is being dug from the first chamber of the septic tank towards the house for laying the sewer pipeline.
The bottom of the finished pit is leveled, tamped and covered with a sand cushion 200 mm thick. Further arrangement depends on the material chosen for the manufacture of cameras.
Construction of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings
For the manufacture of cameras, it is advisable to purchase reinforced concrete rings with locks at the ends. They do not need to be additionally stitched with staples, and you get a stable structure. First, a ring with a bottom is lowered into the pit. If it was not possible to find one, a 150 mm thick platform will have to be concreted in the foundation pit. After installing the first ring, all the others are stacked on top of each other. The finished chamber is covered with a concrete slab.
When all the chambers are made in this way, holes are punched in the rings with a perforator for connecting overflow pipes, sewers and a drain pipe. A ventilation pipe is taken out from above through the lid from each chamber. It is connected through a tee to an overflow pipe. The finished septic tank chambers are sealed, covered with waterproofing mastic, insulated and backfilled with soil.
Monolithic concrete chambers
To make chambers from monolithic concrete, the bottom and walls of the pit are covered with waterproofing material. Thick polyethylene or roofing felt will do. Around the entire perimeter of the pit, a reinforcing mesh with a mesh size of 100x100 mm is knitted from reinforcement with a thickness of 10 mm.
The bottom is concreted first, pouring a solution with a thickness of 150 mm. After it has solidified, formwork is built around the perimeter of the pit walls. Concrete is poured inside the resulting niches with a reinforcing mesh.
When the concrete chambers gain strength, which will be in about 1 month, they begin to further equip the septic tank. Installation of overflow pipes, covers and all other work is the same as for chambers made of reinforced concrete rings.
Production of cameras from eurocubes
Under eurocubes, the bottom of the pits is made with steps with an offset of 200 mm relative to each other. Installation of cameras at different heights allows you to save their useful volume. The bottom of the pit is pre-concreted, leaving protruding metal hinges. Eurocubes are lowered into the pit along with pallets. To prevent the plastic tanks from pushing the groundwater out of the ground, they are tied with cables to the left anchor loops on the concrete bottom.
Further work consists in cutting out holes in the walls of the eurocubes with a jigsaw for connecting pipes. The connection of air ducts, overflow pipes, drain and sewerage is carried out in the same way as for a septic tank from rings.
Outside, Eurocubes are insulated with foam, and on top they are covered with PET film. To prevent the pressure of the earth from crushing the chambers, a casing is made around the containers. You can use slate, boards or other building material. When the work is completed, backfilling of the soil is performed.
The video shows the manufacture of a septic tank:
Conclusion
The septic tank will save the owner of the summer cottage from many of the problems that a simple outdoor toilet can deliver. The main thing is to add bacteria to the chambers in time, and periodically clean the sump.
