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By purchasing an unsettled suburban area, the owner has the problem of storing tools and other things. The construction of a capital barn made of bricks or blocks requires a lot of labor and investment. How to solve the problem so as not to bring all the inventory into the house? You can quickly install a frame shed in the yard with your own hands from lumber.
What you need to consider before starting the development of a frame shed project
Despite the simplicity of erecting a frame shed, before starting work, several important nuances must be taken into account. For review, we suggest considering a step-by-step guide:
- When drawing up a project, you need to correctly position the frame building on your site. Even if the shed turns out to be beautiful, it still remains a utility block. At the entrance to the courtyard, he should not be in the foreground in public view.
- The project is designed to provide a free approach to the entrance to the barn.
- It is desirable to place a wooden building on a hill. During rain and snow melting, the frame utility block will not be flooded.
- Before developing a project, it is important to rethink the layout of the barn. In a frame utility block, you can make a workshop, a woodshed, a summer kitchen and other useful rooms. To simplify the task, on the sheet you will need to sketch a simple diagram showing all the partitions, doors and windows. A large wooden shed, divided into rooms, is more convenient to provide with several doors. Each room will have its own entrance, and you will not have to travel, for example, from the summer kitchen through the toilet to get into the shower.
- Projects of frame utility blocks are most often developed with a shed roof. It is easier to install and requires less material. If desired, you can install a gable roof. Its layout is a little more complicated, but the design allows you to create an attic space where you can store things.
- When developing a barn project, it is necessary to provide for the slope of the roof to be located on the other side of the doors. Otherwise, at the entrance to the utility block, rainwater will pour on the owner's head.
After you have decided on the layout and other nuances, you can begin to develop a project for a frame shed.
We draw a drawing and determine the dimensions of the frame shed
Taking into account the recommendations from the planning guide, they begin to develop the project. First, you need to draw a drawing that defines the outline of the frame shed. In the photo, we gave an example of a utility block diagram with a lean-to roof. A columnar base is used as a foundation.
When building drawings of a frame utility block according to diagrams from the Internet, you need to indicate your dimensions of the overall structure and each element separately. The dimensions of the sheds are selected individually according to their needs. In general, frame technology does not provide for the construction of large utility blocks. Our photo shows a diagram of a shed 2.5x5 m.The most popular is a frame shed with dimensions of 3x6 m.
We build the foundation for a frame shed
The type of foundation must be determined when you draw up a utility block project. For capital frame buildings with a concrete base, a strip base is poured. But such a foundation is not suitable for a site with sedimentary soil or peat bog.Light frame sheds are placed on a columnar foundation. Let's take a look at what the step-by-step instructions for making each type of base look like.
Let's start the review with what a phased strip foundation looks like:
- According to the size of the future wooden shed, markings are applied in the selected area. For a frame utility block, a shallow base of about 40 cm is enough.If seasonal movement of the soil is observed, then it is better to increase the depth of the trench to 80 cm.The width of the tape will be enough 30 cm.
- A 15 cm layer of sand with gravel is poured into the trench. The bottom and side walls are covered with roofing material so that the milk from the concrete solution is not absorbed into the ground. Formwork is installed along the perimeter of the trench. It should protrude above ground level according to the height of the base. So that the high sides of the formwork do not bend from the weight of the concrete, they need to be reinforced with spacers.
- The next step from reinforcement with a thickness of 12 mm knit a frame in the form of a box throughout the trench. The metal structure will make the concrete tape break-resistant.
- It is better to pour concrete solution in cloudy weather in one day. Rain, sun or grouting at long intervals will have a negative effect on the strength of the substrate.
At least two weeks later, or better after a month, you can start installing the frame of the barn.
Now let's dwell on the step-by-step instructions for making a columnar base:
- Supports are placed at the corners of the frame building and at the junction of the partitions. The thicker the bar of the lower strapping, the larger the pitch the posts can be placed, but at least 2 m. If the width of the shed is more than 2.5 m, then intermediate supports are installed so that the floor covering does not bend while walking.
- To install the pillars under the frame of the utility block, holes are first dug about 80 cm deep.Crushed stone or gravel with sand 15 cm thick is poured at the bottom. The pillars are laid from red brick or cinder block using concrete mortar.
The posts can be cut from oak or larch logs with a minimum thickness of 300 mm. They will have to be well impregnated with an antiseptic. The lower part of the pillars, which will be buried in the ground, is treated with bituminous mastic, after which they are wrapped in several layers of roofing material. After installation in the holes, the wooden supports are poured with concrete.
Erection of all elements of the frame shed
Now we will look at how a frame wooden shed on a columnar base is being erected step by step with our own hands.
Frame fabrication
The construction of a frame utility block is started after the foundation is completely frozen. For sheds of this type, the fabrication of the frame starts from the bottom frame. It will be the basis of the entire structure, so you need to take care of choosing a quality tree without knots and mechanical damage.
So, we look at the process of making the frame:
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Concrete supports protruding from the ground are covered with two sheets of roofing material. Waterproofing is needed to protect the wooden frame elements adjacent to the foundation from moisture. The lower frame of the frame is assembled from a bar with a section of 100x100 mm. Logs from a board with a section of 50x100 mm are attached to it. The distance between them is kept within 50-60 cm.
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Having built the lower frame, they begin to put wooden frame racks from a bar of a similar section. They are fixed with metal overhead plates or simply nailed obliquely with nails. The maximum distance between the posts on the frame is 1.5 m, but it is better to set it in 60 cm increments. Then each support will coincide with the upper floor beams. With this arrangement, the racks will additionally become a roof stop.
From above, the racks are connected with a strapping. That is, it turns out exactly the same frame as the bottom.
When using frame technology for building a barn, it is not necessary to use a bar. The frame can be made from steel pipe, angle or profile. The manufacturing procedure remains unchanged.The only difference is that all elements will have to be welded by electric welding. The advantage of the steel frame is that it can be installed without a foundation on a sand and gravel embankment.
It is advisable to paint the constructed steel frame before sheathing. If a profile with a galvanized coating was used, then it can be left unpainted.
We make the walls and floor of a frame shed
The floor can be laid immediately after making the frame and laying the logs. When building a cold shed, OSB sheets are nailed onto the logs. This will be the subfloor. Waterproofing is laid on top. The cheapest material is roofing material. The next is the final floor. It can be made from edged or grooved boards. The second flooring material is better. Thanks to the grooves at the end of the boards, the formation of cracks is excluded, and the strength of the floor also increases. How to properly fix the grooved board is shown in the photo.
Before erecting the walls, the frame is reinforced with jibs. Permanent elements are placed in the corners. Temporary jibs support the frame racks to avoid skewing the structure. They are removed only after the installation of the floor beams.
Permanent jibs are required if the frame is sheathed with clapboard or board. When using OSB boards for these purposes, only temporary supports can be dispensed with. Before fixing the jibs, you need to align the corners of the frame, and a plumb line or a building level will help to do this.
Having engaged in the independent construction of a shed, you need to be able to correctly connect all the nodes of the frame and install jibs:
- The optimal angle of installation of jibs - 45about... This position of the element ensures the best rigidity of the frame. It is not possible to maintain the required angle near windows and doors. Here it is allowed to install jibs at an inclination of 60about.
- Hollow jibs can only be placed on the frame of a small utility block.
- Docking of all elements of the frame must be tight without gaps. At the corners of the frame, the timber is connected "in the floor of the tree" or "in the paw". The principle of the technology is shown in the photo.
- Jibs are not simply nailed to the surface of the timber. First, a groove is cut out on the rack and bottom frame. Its depth depends on the section of the workpiece taken for the jib. The element inserted into the grooves has an additional stop, which complicates the skewing of the frame.
After laying the floor and installing all the jibs, they move on to the frame sheathing from the outside. When using an edged board with a thickness of 15–20 mm, it is nailed horizontally with an overlap to avoid the formation of gaps. Suitable for cladding lining or OSB. The owner chooses the material according to his preference.
Barn insulation
A frame shed is warm in itself, since wood has good thermal insulation properties. If the utility block will be used in winter as a kitchen or workshop, then all its elements need to be additionally insulated.
Work begins on the floor before laying the floor covering. Mineral wool, polystyrene or expanded clay are suitable as thermal insulation. First, a subfloor from OSB or a board is knocked out from the bottom of the lag. As a result, we got cells, where the insulation needs to be laid. This work is done even before the installation of the frame racks immediately after the manufacture of the frame. If this moment is missed, then it will not work to nail the subfloor under the logs. It will have to be laid on top, and then filled with a counter-lattice to form cells. You can do this, but as the floor is raised, the height of the free space inside the shed decreases.
Waterproofing is laid on the rough floor. Mineral wool or foam is tightly pushed into the cells between the lags so that there are no gaps. Expanded clay is simply covered and leveled. The thickness of the insulation should be less than the height of the log, so that a ventilated gap is obtained between it and the floor covering. From above, the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier, after which the finishing floor is nailed.
The ceiling is insulated with the same materials, and in exactly the same way.The only difference is the laying of a vapor barrier on the lower cladding of the floor beams. The waterproofing is placed on top of the thermal insulation to protect it from moisture from the roof side.
To insulate the walls of the frame utility block, mineral wool or foam is used. The technology is almost the same as for the floor or ceiling. From the inside of the room, the insulation is closed with a vapor barrier, and the sheathing is nailed on top. From the street side, the thermal insulation is covered with waterproofing. Between it and the outer skin, a counter-lattice is nailed from slats with a section of 20x40 mm to create a ventilation gap.
Installing the roof of a frame shed
For the manufacture of a shed roof of a frame shed, it is necessary to assemble rafters from a board with a section of 50x100 mm. Their diagram is shown in the photo. The finished rafters are installed after laying the floor beams, and fixed to the upper frame strapping.
To do without rafters, you can make the front wall of the frame shed 50-60 cm higher than the back one. Then the floor beams will fall on the upper harness under a slope. They will then play the role of rafters. You just need to make the release of beams about 50 cm in front and behind the frame shed so that the overhang of the roof is obtained.
For a gable roof, triangular rafters are knocked down. In this case, the height of the front and rear walls of the frame shed should be the same. The rafters of the gable roof are fixed in the same way to the upper frame of the frame.
On top of the rafter legs, a crate made of a 20 mm thick board is nailed. Its pitch depends on the roofing used. The lathing is covered with waterproofing, after which you can lay corrugated board, slate or other material.
The video shows an example of a frame shed:
Conclusion
Now you know in general terms how to build a frame shed on your site. The work can be done on your own, and if you are not sure, it is better to invite a specialist.
