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As you know, the rose is the queen of flowers. Therefore, most growers happily grow them on their site. Shrub varieties are very popular among all types of roses. It is easy to care for them, and instead of one or several flowers, you get a whole bush, abundantly showered with buds. With their help, you can decorate your yard in an original way. These and other advantages contribute to the fact that in almost every yard there is one or another variety of spray roses. Therefore, it is very important to figure out how to properly plant bush roses, as well as care and cultivation. This knowledge will help you grow beautiful flowers that will delight the eye for a long time.
Features of spray roses
Shrub roses belong to the garden species of these plants. They can be spreading or narrow pyramidal. The height of the bushes depends on the variety, and can range from 25 centimeters to more than three meters. The branches on the bushes are divided into 2 types:
- main or uterine branches;
- annual shoots.
The diameter of the flowers can range from 2 cm to 18 cm, depending on the variety. The color and shape of flowers can be very diverse. In turn, flowers can form inflorescences or grow singly. Of all the possible flowers in nature, only bright blue roses have not yet been bred. All the rest, from light and delicate to dark and bright roses, have been grown for a long time. Every year more and more new combinations appear. According to the shape of the flowers, all spray roses are divided into the following types:
- Flat.
- Peony.
- Cup-shaped.
- Pompom.
- Conical.
- Spherical.
- Boluceous.
Although they are considered unpretentious, it is important to consider some rules when growing bush roses. For the winter, the bushes need to be covered. It is not very convenient to do this due to the large size of the bush, but if you want to protect your flowers, you will have to try. Also shrub plants need pruning. We will learn how to do this below.
Planting spray roses
The best time for planting is autumn. You need to have time to plant roses in the period from early September to the second week of October. When choosing seedlings, you need to carefully examine the plant. It must be strong and healthy.
A very important point is the choice of a site for planting. Rose loves sunny, unshaded places. Choose an area away from tall trees and buildings. Strong north winds have a bad effect on the rose, keep this in mind when choosing a place. The bush grows well in acidic soils, well-drained.
Before planting the bush, it is necessary to remove dry roots with a sterile sharp instrument. If the roots are too long, they are shortened. Next, the branches are cut, leaving only 20 centimeters in length. Then the roots are immersed in water for several hours. Now you can start planting. The hole for roses should be at least 40 centimeters in diameter, and the depth is 10 centimeters wider than the diameter of the rhizome. The bottom of the pit must be loosened with a pitchfork.
The excavated soil is mixed with compost, it should be 3 times less than the earth. Wood ash is also added. A tablet of heteroauxin is added to a bucket of water and everything is poured into the pit. The seedling is lowered into a hole and gradually covered with soil. Each layer needs to be lightly tamped. The seedling is spud 15 centimeters in height. Also, at a distance of 30 centimeters, a roller is made from the soil so that water does not flow out during irrigation.During the first 10 days, the plant needs to be shaded. The first watering is done in 2 days. In the photo you can see how planting and caring for bush roses.
Planting roses from cuttings
Cuttings considered one of the most popular ways to propagate roses. To grow flowers, lignified or semi-lignified cuttings are planted. Cut off the cuttings during the period when the first flowers appear.
The length of the handle should be about eight centimeters, and the thickness should be about the size of a pencil. From above, the rose is cut 0.5 cm above the bud, and from below - immediately under the bud. In this case, the upper cut should be straight, and the lower one at an angle of approximately 45 °. Only 2 upper leaves are left on the handle. The thorns on the bottom are also ripped off. The lower cut must be treated with phytohormones. The cuttings are planted in a hole with sand to a depth of 15 centimeters. If there are several plants, then at least 20-30 centimeters are left between them. The sand needs to be lightly tamped, and a greenhouse should be built over the plants. Holes are made in the film so that the plants can breathe, and from time to time they open it for airing.
Plants should overwinter under a thick layer of insulation. On top of it, cuttings are also snatched with polyethylene. In March, the insulation is removed, and the film is opened for a while, it is increased every day. In this place, the cuttings should stay for 2 years, after which the bushes can be transplanted to a permanent place.
Care
The formation of the bush occurs in the first year. At such an important stage, it is necessary to closely monitor the rose. Shoots need to be pinched to stimulate tillering. And the first buds that appear must be removed, because all the forces of the bush so far are spent on the growth of the root system and branches. From the middle of summer, the buds from the bush can be removed only after formation.
Roses do not like excessive moisture and do not need frequent watering. So you only need to water the bush as needed. Watering roses in spring should be more intense, since at this time leaves and shoots are formed. In the summer, about ten liters of water are used to water one bush. In hot and dry weather, you can increase the amount. Water at room temperature is used to water the bushes. After the end of the flowering period, the amount of water is gradually reduced. If excess moisture stagnates in the soil, this can threaten the development of fungal diseases. The best time to water the bushes is morning or evening.
Shrub roses also need feeding. In the first year, it is not necessary to perform it, and fertilization is required for all subsequent years. The first feeding of the bush is carried out in the spring, when the growing season has just begun. After the beginning of the appearance of buds, the procedure is repeated. When the plant stops blooming, a third feeding is carried out, and the fourth after the lignification process has begun.
As a supplementary feed, two parts of phosphorus fertilizers are mixed, and one part of potash and nitrogen fertilizers. The top layer of soil around the rose bush is removed and fertilized on top of it. Further, the soil is returned to its original place. With each watering, fertilizers will dissolve and penetrate to the roots. Organic fertilizers will also be a good addition; they can be alternated with mineral fertilizers. For these purposes, wood ash, chicken droppings or manure are suitable.
Diseases and pests
Unfavorable conditions can reduce the disease resistance of bush roses.Most often they are affected by powdery mildew, rust, black spot and chlorosis. And if powdery mildew and other fungal diseases can be dealt with with the help of conventional drugs, chlorosis appears from the fact that the plant lacked useful trace elements for a long time. To eliminate the cause of the disease, you will need to do a soil analysis and find out what exactly the plants lack.
All insects that infect rose bushes can be roughly divided into sucking and gnawing. Sucking pests include aphids, ticks, whiteflies. But beetles, caterpillars, larvae and sawflies are representatives of gnawing. It is simply impossible to prevent the appearance of each pest, therefore, gardeners often fight them after signs of appearance. But still, for prevention, you can treat the bushes with special preparations.
You can buy chemicals at specialty stores or make a kerosene solution at home. To do this, take 2 grams of kerosene for 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with this solution. To prevent the appearance of insects next year, in the fall, you need to carefully prepare the site. All dried leaves and other debris are removed from under the bushes. Most pests live in such places.
Pruning roses
The most important and time-consuming step of maintenance is pruning the bushes. It is needed so that the rose grows quickly and pleases with abundant flowering. It is advisable to prune bushes every season. Spring pruning is considered the most important; it forms the future bush and relieves the rose of unnecessary branches.
The main thing is to prune the bush before the buds swell. During this period, all dry and damaged branches are cut off. They also get rid of those that grow inside the bush.
Do not be afraid to cut off excess shoots from the bushes. If they seem weak and unnecessary to you, then most likely they are. Only the strongest and highest shoots should be left on the bush. No need to be zealous, just pruning an old bush rose. It takes much longer to recover. All cuts after what has been done are treated with garden var.
Conclusion
As you can see, growing bush roses does not require any special skills. Anyone can handle this task. With just a little effort, beautiful home roses can be grown. They will surely thank you with abundant and lush flowering.
