Content
The Ural region is characterized by difficult weather conditions: cold winters, high snow cover, and a long winter period. Therefore, unpretentious and winter-hardy varieties of roses are chosen for growing in the Urals. Although these varieties are adapted to any climate change, they require some care. It is especially important to properly prepare the roses for winter in order to ensure their blooming in the spring.
The preparation procedure depends on the age of the plants. It is recommended to plant seedlings in the fall, while adult flowers will require more careful processing. Roses must be pruned, are fed and treated against diseases and pests. A construction is definitely being prepared for hideouts plants.
Preparation of seedlings
In the climatic conditions of the Urals, roses can be planted in the fall. For planting work, the time is chosen when the air temperature is set at + 4 ° С. If the temperature drops below the required indicators, then it is better to postpone work until spring.
One of the options is to dig in the roses in the greenhouse, if the soil in it is not frozen yet. Remove the plastic wrap, straighten the roots and prune them if necessary. It is enough to dig in the branches 2/3 of the length. The earth around the plants is compacted.
Choosing a landing site
When choosing a site for planting roses in the fall, certain rules are followed:
- the site should be located on an elevation, which reduces the likelihood of soil freezing;
- a flower bed with roses is located on the south side of the garden;
- provides natural shading in the form of shrubs, which will protect plants in the sun;
- the selected location must be protected from the wind;
- the groundwater level should be 1 m.
Rose prefers neutral and fertile soil. In order for the seedlings to survive the winter, manure is placed on the bottom of the pit before planting. This will keep the roots warm in the cold.
The soil for these plants is prepared from the following components:
- one piece of sand and clay;
- ½ part of ash;
- 3 parts of humus;
- 2 parts of peat.
The seedlings need 4 weeks to root. The use of a growth stimulant solution will help speed up this process. You need to lower the plant into it for a day before planting.
Planting a rose in winter
A hole is pre-dug with a depth of 0.5 m. Horse manure is placed on the bottom, then the prepared soil is laid.
In the sandy soil, 5 cm of clay is placed at the bottom of the rose depression. If the soil is clay, then an additional layer of sand will be required.
The roots of the seedling must be directed from top to bottom. Therefore, we fill in a small mound of earth, on which we then plant a seedling. The roots of the rose should go down the created mound.
The earth is poured in such a way that the deepening of the root collar is 5 cm. Then you need to tamp the soil and water the plantings. Each bush requires 20 liters of water.
The planted bush is spud to a height of 10 cm. The seedlings are covered in the same way as adult plants.
Preparing adult flowers
Preparing roses for winter in the Urals includes several stages. This includes pruning the plants, which are then laid on the ground. For the prevention of diseases and the spread of pests, plants are sprayed.
Basic Rules
Following a number of simple rules will help preserve roses throughout the winter:
- it is not recommended to start the shelter ahead of time;
- cooling down to -5 ° С increase the endurance of plants;
- at the end of summer, nitrogen fertilizers are not used, which accelerate the development of shoots;
- potash and phosphorus preparations are introduced in August;
- intensive pruning also stimulates plant growth;
- by the fall, the watering of the flower garden decreases.
Work order
From mid-August, watering of roses stops. Withering and fresh flowers are left in order not to stimulate the development of new shoots. You can remove the lower leaves, which should be burned. This is done to protect plants from fungal diseases.
The bushes are spud up to a height of 15 cm, and the soil is mulched with dry humus, coniferous sawdust, a mixture of peat and sand, and fine shavings. This procedure will protect the roots of plants from moisture.
Before the onset of a cold snap, roses must be pruned. The exception is climbing and standard varieties, which are removed from the supports and placed on the ground. It is recommended to attach their shoots to the ground with hairpins.
Roses are cut in such a way that the height of the bush does not exceed 0.5 m. In the Ural conditions, this stage is recommended to be carried out in October, when the constant temperature is below -5 ° C.
Pruning works are carried out on a dry and sunny day. It is imperative to remove:
- shoots over 3 years old;
- young branches (white);
- dried leaves and buds;
- shoots growing inside the bush.
When the cold snap becomes constant, go directly to the shelter.
Plant feeding
For a lush bloom, roses require feeding. Fertilizer begins to be applied in the fall, the procedure is carried out in two stages:
- In late August (or early September), when the flowering period ends.
- Late September (early October).
The first top dressing should not contain nitrogen or organic fertilizers, as they stimulate the active development of plants. It is best to choose a fertilizer containing potassium, which improves the metabolism and immunity of roses. It is also necessary to feed the plants with phosphorus to accelerate the maturation of the wood.
To feed the plants, use a mixture of fertilizers per 10 liters of water:
- superphosphate - 15 g;
- potassium monophosphate - 16 g.
The second treatment is carried out using compost and wood ash. Fertilizer is not embedded in the soil, but poured onto the ground, which serves as additional protection against frost.
Treatment against diseases and pests
An important stage in preparing roses for winter is treatment for diseases. Pathogens can remain on plant residues for a long time. Therefore, one of the preventive measures is the cleaning and burning of fallen leaves. If the leaves are not removed from the rose, then harmful microorganisms overwinter and are activated in the spring.
In the autumn, roses are processed with iron vitriol. It is a crystalline substance that looks like a powder with a bluish or greenish tint. The drug is stored in a dry place and in a closed container.
The composition of ferrous sulfate includes iron and sulfur, which make it possible to enrich the soil and make up for the lack of this substance. The drug does not penetrate into plants, is safe for humans and is washed off with water from rose leaves.
The treatment is carried out by spraying roses. For this, a solution is prepared containing 30 g of ferrous sulfate. First, the substance is diluted with a small amount of water, then another 5 liters of water are added to it.
Choosing a method of shelter
The best way to protect roses from winter cold is the construction of a frame and the use of non-woven material. This option is suitable for sheltering seedlings and adult plants. First, a frame is erected, on which the covering material is placed.
Previously, roses were covered with spruce branches, but it does not retain heat, but allows you to retain snow in winter. Spruce branches can be used to scare off mice, which can gnaw on the bark on the trunks of plants.
Wooden frames
Roses survive the winter best in an air-dry shelter. It can be prepared from improvised building materials: boards, film, roofing material. Modern garden materials are more practical, allow the structure to pass air and serve as reliable protection of plants from cold weather.
First, a rectangular or triangular wooden frame is erected. Such structures are convenient to use in the Urals, where a large amount of snow falls during the winter. The rectangular frame can be in the form of a lattice, under which additional supports are installed.
To hide roses, film, oilcloth, carpet, linoleum, roofing felt and other improvised means are not used.
Covering materials are sold folded in two layers, so the total thickness of the coating will be 120 microns. For roses, a white linen is used. The black material creates increased humidity and temperature. The material is covered with the frame and the edges are fixed with bricks or stones.
Metal arcs
If the roses are planted in rows, then it is more convenient to use metal arches to cover them. They are installed every 40 cm. Up to 10 cm of free space is left above the plants.
Arcs are chosen with a length of 1 to 2 m. Preference should be given to more durable materials that can withstand snow load.
Then the resulting structure is covered with a special material. When calculating the length of the canvas, a margin of about 50 cm is made on each side. The ends of the material are fixed with hairpins or heavy objects.
Conclusion
When preparing roses for winter in the Ural region, the age of the plants is taken into account. Saplings must be planted before the soil freezes. Adult bushes are cut and laid on the ground. A frame is necessarily constructed, which is covered with a special material. Top dressing with potash and phosphorus fertilizers will help to increase the endurance of plants.
