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There is not a single garden plot on which at least one rose bush would not grow. Changeable fashion has not touched this delightful flower, only priorities change - today hybrid tea varieties are fashionable, tomorrow climbing roses, and the day after tomorrow, perhaps, they will come into fashion miniature or standard varieties. Now there are about 25 thousand varieties, and according to some sources, all 50, and their number is growing with each new season. We will help you understand the variety of these wonderful flowers and present to your attention varieties of roses with a photo.
A bit of biology
In fact, a rose is nothing more than a collective name for varieties and species of the Rosehip genus, which, in turn, is represented by more than three hundred species. A man isolated a rose from other flowers, domesticated it, through selection, long-term selection and through repeated interspecific crossing, he received a huge number of plants of various colors, habit and smell. Therefore, there is no such thing as a genus or species of Rose. Talking about types and varieties of roses, we, from a scientific point of view, make a mistake, we should talk about the varieties and varieties of this wonderful flower in all respects.
In fairness, it should be noted that there are uncultivated varieties of rose hips, which nature initially endowed with extraordinary beauty. They do not look like spectacular fragrant double roses, but they have a charm of their own. True, they are not found in our gardens as often as they deserve.
A bit of history
The flowers that we see today in gardens and parks around the world are largely the result of the crossing of two branches of cultivated roses that came to us from the east and from the west.
Roses of the West
Probably, man first showed interest in roses at the same time as the invention of writing or the wheel. In Crete, in the second millennium BC, the walls of palaces were painted with roses, and their images were also found on the tombs of the pharaohs. Teofast was the first to describe the varieties of roses and care for them, who is rightfully considered the "father of botany", and the ancient Greek poetess Sappho was the first to call the rose "the queen of flowers", singing in poetry.
The ancient Greeks were the first to specially cultivate roses in their gardens and even grew them in pots for decoration.And the Romans had a real cult of this flower - they used the petals for food, prepared wine and cosmetics from them, the rich Romans even slept on fragrant petals.
Roses of the east
In ancient China, roses were grown even when the civilization of the West had just emerged. The Chinese were the first to obtain rose oil and used it as protection from evil spirits and in perfumery. The rose also grew in ancient Japan. But in these countries, she could not compete with either the lotus, which was then considered the king of flowers, or with the chrysanthemum.
Oriental roses were small, almost devoid of aroma, but completely covered the bush and bloomed in several waves throughout the season. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, merchants brought them to Europe. A century later, the first aristocrat came to our continent - a tea rose, which had a wonderful glass and a charming aroma, but was very thermophilic.
A mix of eastern and western roses
It was from the Chinese small-flowered and tea roses, as well as from the frost-resistant, but unattractive varieties grown in Great Britain, that new varieties of roses were obtained. They combined the duration of flowering and the attractiveness of oriental flowers with the resistance to prolonged cold snap of western ones.
But the real pink fever began only with the advent of the Bourbon rose, which combined the best features of the eastern and western relatives. They remained popular until the early twentieth century and are sometimes found in catalogs of rose varieties to this day.
It can be safely argued that the flower owes its fantastic popularity precisely to the combination of the species characteristics of its western and eastern predecessors.
Modern roses
Repaired roses bloomed for a long time and profusely, but they lacked beauty - they were, frankly, rustic. In addition, their large, spreading bushes did not always fit into the graceful European front gardens. The tea roses were lovely and smelled great, but they were not frost-resistant.
Thanks to the painstaking work of breeders in the second half of the nineteenth century, the first hybrid tea rose... This can be called a new era in the selection of this flower. Hybrid-polyant varieties, floribunda and other varieties began to appear. The pink boom continues to this day. Every self-respecting pink nursery annually puts up thousands of varieties for sale, claiming that the best varieties of roses can only be bought from them.
Classification of roses
A clear classification of roses is needed by everyone - amateur flower growers, breeders, biologists, nursery workers, landscape designers. But now it is very blurred, since it is often no longer possible to trace the variety to the original species due to repeated crossing, and selection has been going on for many centuries. In addition, when a new variety is bred, no one makes sure that it clearly fits into the existing boundaries - they just create a beautiful flower. So it turns out that constantly some roses stand out in a separate group.
There is also constant confusion with the names of varieties. Many breeders have devoted themselves to working with this blessed and grateful material, often inventing the same flower, independently of each other. Here it is customary to act as in invention - whoever registered the first grade gave it the name, and is considered the author.
Even with the international classification of roses, everything is complicated, something is constantly changing, renaming, and even when translating, you can make a mistake. We will be guided by the classification given by Dr. David Gerald Hession.
Hession is currently an honorary doctorate from three universities, awarded the Order of the British Empire and is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as a bestselling non-fiction author. He has received numerous awards for the development of the theory and practice of gardening, and each of his books is immediately translated into almost all major languages of the world.The doctor has written about 20 books on gardening, understandable even to non-biologists (for which he is criticized by colleagues), with a circulation of more than 50 million copies. Landscape designers and gardeners around the world jokingly refer to his writings as their Bible. I would also like to say that David Gerald Hession was born in 1928 and is now alive.
First, we will give the division of roses according to the characteristics of leaves, flowers, fruits, methods of growing them, and then we will give the actual classification of roses with photos and names.
Rose growing method
Each rose needs to be shaped. But it is better to do this in accordance with the characteristics of the bush inherent in this or that group. So, a rose can be grown as:
- Creeping - shoots grow in breadth, covering the ground, but in height they usually do not exceed 30 cm;
- Miniature bush - does not exceed 40 cm in height;
- Low-standard - the height of the trunk is about 30 cm;
- Dwarf bush - grows up to 60 cm;
- Bush - more than 60 cm;
- Half-stamp - the stem does not exceed 75 cm;
- Stamp - bole about 1.0 meter;
- Weeping standard - the height of the trunk is about 1.5 m. Such a rose is not formed in the form of a ball, but allows the branches to freely fall down, constantly limiting the growth of lashes by pruning;
- Columnar - with the help of garters, pruning and supports, the plant is formed in the form of a column up to 2.5 m high. Such pruning requires a certain skill, but nothing difficult;
- Weaving - the stems are allowed on the support, they must be tied up, since they themselves will not curl. The length of the lashes depends solely on varietal characteristics and pruning.
Division by type of flowers
Roses are very diverse in shape, color and even the smell of flowers. Let's see what they can be, perhaps even discover something new.
Number of petals
A rose flower can be:
- simple - varieties with less than 8 petals;Variety "Ballerina"
- semi-double - a glass with 8-20 petals;Variety "Jacqueline Hamery"
- terry - 21 petals or more.Variety "Jupiter"
In turn, double roses are subdivided into:
- moderately terry - the number of petals is from 21 to 29;Paisley variety
- medium terry - 30-39 petals;Variety "Dsarest"
- densely double - more than 40 petals.Variety "Princess Margaret"
Petal shape
Rose petals can be of different shapes:
- flat;
- wavy;
- bent back;
- toothed.
Color of petals
Roses, in addition to having a variety of colors, can be colored unevenly. Their petals can be:
- monochromatic - they are painted in only one color, although as some varieties wilt, the shade may change;Variety "Golden domes"
- bicolor - the outer and inner parts of the petals have different colors;Variety "Osiriya"
- multi-colored - as it blooms, the color of the petals changes and on one bush there can be flowers of different colors at the same time;Gloria Day variety
- mixed - the inner part of the petal is painted in several colors;Variety "Nostalgia"
- striped - each petal is painted in at least two colors, and one forms stripes;Variety "Abracadabra"
- painted - the petals have the main background color, on which spots are scattered, a feathery pattern or a peephole at the base of a different color.Variety "Regensberg"
Glass shape
This is where nature and breeders have done their best! What forms of flowers roses do not have, a glass can be:
- conical center - timeless classics, inner petals are collected in a cone, and outer ones are bent;
- loose center - the middle has an indefinite shape due to the loosely closed inner petals;
- falling apart - at first, the flower is of the correct shape, but when fully opened, the petals open so wide that you can see the stamens;
- spherical - all petals are concave and form a ball, the most dense in the center;
- cupped - double petals form a bowl without covering the center;
- square - a very interesting glass, when the petals do not form a cone, but form separate sectors, of which there are usually four (very rarely there are varieties with two or three centers);
- flat - according to the name, it is a flat flower, slightly concave in the middle, often with a few petals of the usual size;
- rosette - a flat glass with a slightly concave center, short, numerous petals, and arranged in regular rows;
- pompom - Forms an almost round convex flower with numerous short petals arranged in regular rows.
Rose leaves
Usually, the leaves of roses have 5-7 segments and a smooth surface, but there are several varieties, the number of segments in which exceeds 7, and the leaves of the Wrinkled Rose and its cultivars are covered with deep grooves.
Leaf surface
Here is the classification of rose leaves according to the degree of reflection of sunlight:
- very shiny;
- shiny;
- matte;
- wrinkled.
Leaf color
Usually, all adult leaves are painted in different shades of green and only young ones can have a red tint, but more and more varieties with a bronze color appear:
- light green;
- green;
- dark green;
- bronze.
But there are exceptions to this rule - several varieties of shrub roses retain their red color until autumn, and some white rose hybrids have a bluish tint. The leaves of the Wrinkled Rose by autumn change color, and become very picturesque. Perhaps these differences will be consolidated and transferred to other varieties, then the list will expand.
Rose fruit
In fact, it is recommended to cut the flowers of roses before flowering ends so that the plant does not waste energy on the formation of fruits. But in some varieties, flowering does not occur again, and the fruits are very decorative. If you allow the seeds to set, you will see that different varieties can have an ovary:
- round, large, red;
- rounded shallow red;
- round small black;
- oblong;
- prickly.
And, perhaps, the Wrinkled Rose that has fed you, large red fruits can be covered with deep beautiful wrinkles.
Flowering period
Everything is simple here. Roses can be:
- Blooming once... They usually bloom in June-July and are no longer repeated. In the fall, individual flowers may appear, but this cannot be called re-flowering.
- Re-blooming... These varieties have two or more flowering waves. They bloom several times per season, and modern breeding strives to create just such varieties. Repaired roses also have several flowering waves, but in the intervals between them they do not stand without buds, just their number decreases somewhat. They are capable of blooming until frost.
Scent
One of the important characteristics of roses is their scent. It can be heavy, spicy, fruity, and intensifies in hot, humid weather. There are varieties that smell stronger when the buds open or before the end of flowering. But it is customary to separate flowers by aroma as follows:
- no aroma;
- weakly fragrant;
- fragrant;
- very fragrant.
Classification of roses
We will give the classification of roses given by Dr. Hession, give a brief description of several varieties for each of the groups and present to your attention photographs. Perhaps someone likes other varieties more, but there are so many of them that you can enjoy the full variety only by looking through the catalog.
Hybrid tea roses
The most popular group, which is grown in the form of a bush or on a trunk. Under normal conditions, the bushes have erect shoots and grow, depending on the variety, no higher than 150 cm, the usual size is 90 cm.
Very fragrant flowers are arranged on long flowering stems, one at a time or with several lateral buds. Medium to large sized glass with a cone-shaped center. The color is varied.
Variety "Baron Edmond de Rothschild"
Bush up to 110 cm high with large leaves. The flowers are crimson, most often solitary, with a diameter of up to 11 cm and 45-42 petals, very fragrant.
Variety "Alexander"
Bush about 150 cm high, with dark green, highly shiny leaves. Medium-sized red flowers with 22 petals, very fragrant.
Variety "Blessings"
A bush about a meter high with green, highly shiny leaves. Coral pink, slightly fragrant flowers with 30 petals bloom until late autumn. The variety is resistant to soaking.
Floribunda roses
Moderately vigorous bushes up to 150 cm high (the usual size is 60 cm) with sprawling, upright numerous shoots. Weakly fragrant flowers of large or medium size are collected in racemose or corymbose inflorescences, and usually several buds open simultaneously. Flowering at floribunda roses longer than hybrid tea.
The color and shape of the glass in this group is very diverse, but the beauty of the glass is usually inferior to the previous group.
Rumba variety
Low bush up to half a meter high. Orange-red flowers with a diameter of 6 cm are collected in clusters, which can contain up to 15 buds.
Deutsche Welle variety
Bushes 1.2-1.5 m high. The flowers are lilac, 8-10 cm in diameter, fragrant. Flowering continues throughout the season.
Variety "Leonardo da Vinci"
Branched bushes 0.7-1.0 m high. All summer blooms with unusually beautiful pink flowers up to 10 cm in diameter, collected in inflorescences, 2-5 pieces.
Roses patio
In the 80s of the last century, they were allocated into a separate group from the floribunda group. These roses are compact bushes up to 75 cm tall, with a normal growth of about 50 cm. Weakly fragrant flowers have a variety of colors and glass shapes.
Grade "Anna Ford"
This hybrid is referred to as miniature roses, then to the patio. The bush is about 45 cm covered with dark green leaves. The flower with 20 petals is orange-red at the beginning of flowering, fades to orange before wilting.
Svit Magik variety
Bush up to 40 cm high. Very beautiful apricot flowers.
Variety "Perestroika"
The rose is very good. Bush up to 45 cm, with dark green shiny leaves. Flowers with 42 petals and yellow flowers.
Miniature roses
A fairly new category, the popularity of which is constantly increasing, but the price does not drop. They grow in the range of 25-45 cm, flowers can be either small, only 2.5 cm in diameter, or "large" - up to 5 cm.
Variety "Bush Baby"
The bush reaches a height of 25 cm and has matte green leaves. Small salmon pink flowers are very attractive in shape.
Variety "Mister Bluebird"
The miniature bush is covered with purple flowers. The only drawback is the very weak branches.
Variety "Pur toi"
The bush is only 17-22 cm high with white flowers and a yellow center, very beautiful and has gained immense popularity in Europe.
Ground cover roses
Ground cover roses singled out in a separate group in the 80s of the last century. They, in turn, are divided into:
- flowers with horizontal shoots, 20-25 cm high, can cover an area of about 3 meters;
- flowers with creeping shoots 40-45 cm long;
- arched-drooping flowers with shoots up to 1 meter.
Usually their flowers are medium-sized and odorless, most often white, pink or red.
Variety "Kent"
A drooping bush with shoots barely reaching 90 cm. It differs in that it forms a neat, almost round bush. Repeated flowering, flowers are white, semi-double, moisture resistant.
Variety "Magik Karpet"
The first groundcover rose to be voted the best rose of the year. A drooping bush with shoots about 1.5 m long and fragrant lavender flowers that bloom until autumn.
Variety "Suffolk"
This re-flowering variety is suitable for hanging baskets. Its shoots reach a meter, the flowers are red, semi-double.
Climbing roses
Flexible or tough, depending on the variety, shoots can reach 3 m or more. They can bloom once or repeatedly, with a variety of colors, shapes and sizes of the glass. Their flowers can be semi-double, simple or double.
Variety "Baltimore Bel"
The length of the shoots reaches 2 m, the double white-pink flowers with a diameter of 5 cm are very beautiful.The only drawback is that it blooms once, however, for a month.
Variety "Dortmund"
The shoots of this re-blooming rose reach 2 m.The flowers, although simple, but very effective, reach 12 cm in diameter.
Variety "Erinnerung an Brod"
A very showy re-blooming variety that can grow up to 3 meters in length. Flowers with a strong aroma are double, purple-lilac.
Shrub roses
The largest and most diverse group. Usually, it is about shrub roses that discrepancies appear in the classification. I really want to break it up into small groups. Perhaps they do not do this because not so long ago, their share in the total sales was only 5%. Shrub roses are usually divided into three groups:
- old varieties that were bred before the emergence of hybrid tea roses;
- wild-growing rose hips, as well as their varieties;
- shrub varieties of modern selection.
But it would be unfair to think that these flowers are the most uninteresting. Species rose hips and their varieties are not as lush as varietal roses, moreover, they usually bloom once a season, but they are very interesting. The new spray roses fell into this group only because they cannot be attributed to any of the varieties listed above. Perhaps very little time will pass and a new section will appear in the classification.
We will provide a list of the most popular types without giving descriptions, as this is a very extensive topic. So, shrub roses:
- English;
- White;
- Bourbon;
- Damascus;
- Chinese;
- Musky;
- Moss;
- Wrinkled;
- Polyantovy;
- Portland;
- Noisette;
- French;
- Tea room;
- Centifolia;
- Scottish;
- Eglantheria.
In addition, it includes all unclassified modern varieties, including roses that are not yet classified as a separate group of Grandiflora and David Austin's roses.
Variety "Abraham Derby"
Incredibly popular english rose, forming a bush, reaching one and a half meters in height and width. Re-blooming large, strongly double flowers have a pleasant fruity aroma.
Variety "Cardinal de Richelieu"
An old, reliable variety that has received the Garden Merit award. The bush a little more than a meter once a year blooms with medium-sized, velvety violet-lilac flowers.
Variety "Chinatown"
An incredibly beautiful modern re-blooming variety up to 1.5 m in height is sometimes referred to as a floribunda variety.
New varieties of roses
2017 has just begun, but it has already pleased us with new varieties of roses.
Variety "Desdemona"
A variety of extraordinary beauty. Bush up to 1.2 m high with white cupped flowers that have a pink tint at the beginning of flowering. It blooms for a very long time, does not lose its shape even with heavy rains.
Variety "The Eynshent Mariner"
A large bush up to 1.5 m tall is covered with very large pink flowers with a strong aroma. It blooms almost without interruption.
Variety "Dame Judi Dench"
Sprawling bush up to 1.2 m high, peach-colored double flowers, very fragrant. A characteristic feature is that the buds are colored red.
Vanessa Bell variety
The narrow bush grows 1.2 m in height. Lemon-colored flowers collected in a brush smell of honey, tea and lemon.
Choosing roses when buying
We will not bore you with a description of what condition the root system of plants should be in or what time of year it is best to buy them. We just want to explain some of the nuances to save you from disappointment.
Even buying roses from large garden centers and carefully studying the photos, we may not get what we wanted. This is due to the fact that the photo shows the most attractive flower that the photographer could find. It can also happen that the image is much larger than the actual size of the bud.
This happens most often when buying ground cover varieties. Remove one rose in the budding stage, when it is especially attractive. But the flowers of this group usually open quickly and look very different.
And with other varieties, we often get a flower at the exit, in color and size not very similar to the one that we liked in the photo. The visual perception of roses more than other flowers depends on the shade and size. It turns out that we did not seem to be deceived, but still unpleasant.
Of course, all roses are beautiful, but if you want something specific, do not rely on photos - do not be lazy, visit the nursery of roses during their flowering or buy them blooming in containers. And for residents of the northern regions, we advise you to buy only plants grown in local nurseries, as otherwise, you risk enjoying their flowering for only one season. Most of the roses sold in garden centers come to us from Poland and Holland, where the climate is much milder. Even if the variety is suitable for growing in low temperatures, it is simply not acclimatized to them.
Conclusion
The rose is called the queen of flowers for a reason. It delights the eye, and its aroma heals body and soul. Choose the variety you like, with good care it will settle with you for more than two decades.
