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Plum "Eurasia 21" refers to early maturing interspecific hybrid varieties. It has a lot of distinctive features, for example, good frost resistance and excellent taste. Due to this, it is popular among gardeners.
Breeding history of the variety
Home plum "Eurasia 21" appeared after hybridization of the variety "Lacrescent", which was bred by Professor Alderman from America. To form the plant, the genotypes of the East Asian, American and Chinese plum, as well as the varieties "Simona", cherry plum and home plum were used. The experiments were carried out at the Voronezh State Agrarian University, scientists Venyaminov and Turovtsev. In 1986, the variety they bred was entered into the State Register.
Description of plum variety Eurasia 21
Plum variety "Eurasia 21" has its own characteristics, namely fruits, tree shape and regions for cultivation.
So, the height of the Eurasia plum tree reaches 5-6 m in height. The crown is small and not very dense, the bark is gray-brown. The green leaves are elongated, large, with a pointed tip and small denticles.
Plums of this variety have a rounded shape, weighing 35 g. They seem to be covered with wax and have a blue-burgundy color. The pulp of the Eurasia 21 fruit is bright yellow with a sweet and sour aftertaste. It is juicy, meaty and aromatic. The skin is thin, the pit is medium and difficult to separate from the pulp.
According to research, the pulp of this variety contains:
- 7% acids;
- 7% sugar;
- 6% dry ingredients.
Plum "Eurasia" is suitable for the north-west of Karelia, the Moscow region and the Leningrad region.
Variety characteristics
The popularity of Eurasia 21 plum is growing due to its properties.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
The variety is not resistant to drought. Trees need timely watering, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow and the fruits will begin to crumble.
Frost resistance, on the contrary, is high; this characteristic of the Eurasia plum variety is one of its most important advantages. The plant can easily withstand temperatures as low as -20 ° C. Other varieties lose their properties already at -10.
Plum pollinators Eurasia
Plum belongs to self-fertile varieties, so there is a need for cross-pollination. The best pollinator for Eurasia plums is the Pamyat Timiryazeva variety, Mayak, Renklod Kolkhozny. Other pollinators of Eurasia 21 plum - Golden Fleece and Volga beauty.
If desired, you can use special mixtures of several types of pollen.
Productivity and fruiting
The first crop of Eurasia 21 plum can be harvested 4 years after planting. Usually the fruits ripen in early August. Their number depends on the age of the tree. About 20 kg of plums can be harvested from a young plant. From eight years old and older about 50 kg. The record figure was 100 kg.
It is better to store large crops in boxes or baskets.In this case, the air temperature should be no more than 1 ° C, and the humidity up to 80%.
Scope of berries
Eurasia 21 plums can be eaten fresh. They are also suitable for preparing various dishes. It can be jam, jam, mashed potatoes, juice. Sometimes the fruits are frozen for the winter, but in this case they lose their taste and become sour.
Disease and pest resistance
Eurasia 21 has an average level of resistance to various diseases and pests, so it requires feeding.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The variety has advantages.
- Fertility and productivity. With favorable weather conditions and proper care, you can collect 50 or more kg of fruits.
- Frost resistance of Eurasia plum.
- Resistance of the variety to some diseases and insects.
- Excellent taste and size of plums.
- The fruits can be stored for a long time, while they will not lose their properties.
- Early maturity.
Eurasia 21 also has a number of disadvantages:
- too tall tree.
- the need to plant pollinating plants on the site.
- branches grow quickly, which requires frequent pruning.
- unfortunately, the Eurasia 21 plum is prone to clasterosporiosis, fruit rot, moth and aphid damage.
- loose pulp is unsuitable for some dishes.
Despite the disadvantages, this variety of plum is popular among gardeners.
Planting and caring for Eurasia plum
Correct planting of seedlings and subsequent care of growing trees is the key to their health and obtaining a bountiful harvest.
Recommended timing
The best time to plant Eurasia 21 plums is early spring. Most often it is planted in April, when the probability of frost is reduced to zero. Over the summer, the seedlings will develop a strong root system and they will have time to adapt to new conditions.
For gardeners in the southern regions, it is better to plant a tree in the fall.
Choosing the right place
It is recommended to choose the southern or southeastern part of the garden. There should be a lot of light and sun on the site, the ideal option is a slight elevation. If possible, from the north, the tree should be protected from the wind with a fence.
What crops can or cannot be planted nearby
Do not grow next to a plum tree:
- Walnut;
- hazelnut;
- fir;
- birch;
- poplar;
- pear.
The neighborhood with an apple tree, black currant and various flowers, for example, tulips and daffodils, is considered favorable. Thyme can be planted next to Eurasia 21.
It grows rapidly, covering the earth with a "carpet". Moreover, at weeds no chance remains.
Selection and preparation of planting material
It is better to buy Eurasia plum saplings in specialized nurseries or from trusted gardeners. It is desirable that they have a certificate of belonging to the variety and information about the age.
The seedlings must be grafted. The graft site is easy to determine, usually just above the root collar. There the trunk is thickened and slightly curved.
You need to choose seedlings up to 2 years old, no more than 1.5 m high, about 1.3 cm thick trunk and 3-4 branches. They should have several roots (4-5 pcs.) Each up to 30 cm long. It is important that neither the tree nor the roots have any damage or any growths.
Three-year-old seedlings should not be taken, since it is more difficult for them to take root in new conditions.
Eurasia plums purchased in late autumn must be hidden in a previously dug and shallow ditch. Cover the root system and trunk (approximately one third) with earth. Lay the spruce branches on top, which will protect the seedlings from rodents.
Landing algorithm
Plum planting "Eurasia 21" takes place in several stages.
- In the fall, dig a hole 90 cm deep and 80 cm in diameter.
- Fertilize the soil with a mixture of several types of products. These are humus, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and lime.
- With the onset of spring, fertilize the soil again. This time you will need 2 buckets of compost, 30 g of carbamide and 250 g of ash.
- Loosen the soil. Make a small mound at the bottom of the hole.
- Dig in a wooden stake and a seedling.
- Fill up the earth, humus or peat so that the root collar is 3-5 cm above the ground.
- Attach the drain securely to the support.
- Pour 20-30 liters of clean water.
- Measure a distance of 60-70 cm from the ground. Cut everything above this level.
The last stage of planting "Eurasia" is mulching. The ground around the seedling must be covered with peat or humus.
Plum follow-up care
The fertility and productivity of a tree of this variety directly depends on proper care. It includes several activities:
- timely pruning;
- watering;
- top dressing;
- preparation for winter;
- protection against rodents.
The fight against various diseases and pests is no less important.
The description of the Eurasia plum tells about the intensive growth of its branches. That is why, from time to time, the crown needs pruning.
There are several types of it.
- The first time to cut branches should be in September. The main stem of the plum should be shortened by 2/3, and the side shoots by 1/3. This will help form a beautiful crown in the future.
- Summer pruning involves shortening the shoots by 20 cm.
- In autumn and winter, it is necessary to remove old branches, as well as those that are damaged by insects and diseases.
The lack of moisture negatively affects the health of the Eurasia 21 plum variety, therefore, special attention should be paid to watering the tree. But do not get too carried away, because excess moisture leads to yellow leaves and the death of young shoots.
The frequency of watering and the amount of water directly depends on the age of the plant and precipitation:
- young people need 40 liters of water 1 time in 10 days;
- adults 60 liters 1 time in 14 days.
Wet soil around the trunk must be loosened each time.
Top dressing should be carried out starting from 3 years after planting the seedling. Until that time, he has enough fertilizer laid in the pit.
"Eurasia" is fed 4 times a year:
- before the plum blooms, you need to fertilize the soil with 1 tbsp. l. ammonium nitrate;
- during flowering, you will need 10 liters of water, 2 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate, 2 tbsp. l. urea;
- when tying fruits for feeding, you need to take 10 liters of water and 3 tbsp. l. nitroammophoska;
- after harvesting, 3 tbsp is applied to the soil. l. superphosphate.
All fertilizers are designed for 1 m2.
Due to the good frost resistance of the Eurasia 21 plum, it does not require special preparations for the cold. But some actions are still worth taking:
- remove dead bark and moss;
- apply a mixture of water, copper sulphate, lime and wood glue to the cleaned sections of the trunk;
- wrap the barrel with paper or burlap.
The Eurasia 21 plum will be protected from rodents by spruce branches, a polymer net and a piece of cloth moistened with turpentine or mint oil.
Diseases and pests, control and prevention measures
Trees of the Eurasia variety most often suffer from clasterosporiosis and moniliosis.
- In the first case, the treatment consists in treating the plum with a solution of copper oxychloride (30 g per bucket of water). For each plant, 2 liters are consumed. Processing is done immediately after flowering. For prevention, it is necessary to remove fallen leaves, prune the tree in time and do not forget about the destruction of weeds.
- In case of moniliosis, the plant must be sprayed with a solution of lime (2 kg per bucket of water). This is done in March and October. After harvesting, the branches and the trunk must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate (10 g per bucket of water). For prophylaxis in the fall, you need to remove mummified plums from the branches.
Of the pests, the most dangerous of this variety are plum sawfly, aphids and moths.
| Pest | Treatment | Preventive measures |
| Plum sawfly | Before and after flowering, process the plum with Karbofos | In the fall, dig up the soil around the tree, thereby destroying the larvae prepared for wintering |
| Aphid | At the time when the buds are formed, it is necessary to treat the tree with Benzophosphate (60 g per bucket of water) or Karbofos (according to the instructions) | Remove fallen leaves in time
|
| Moth | After the flowering period has passed, spray the plum with Kimis, Karbofos or Fufanon | Harvest and loosen the soil at the right time |
Plum variety "Eurasia" has a lot of useful qualities and properties. This is not only high productivity and fertility, but also resistance to low temperatures. To this you can add excellent taste and long-term storage of fruits.
