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Russia is a recognized world leader in raspberry cultivation. It is perfectly suited for cultivation in temperate and cold climates. Berries are appreciated not only for their excellent taste, they have healing properties, they are successfully used to treat and prevent cardiovascular, colds and other diseases. Raspberry fruits contain substances that prevent the occurrence of arteriosclerosis, regulate the functions of metabolism, thyroid and prostate glands. This is not counting vitamins, proteins, organic acids, pectins, sugars, antioxidants, tannins. And raspberries are less likely than others to accumulate radionuclides, heavy metal salts, herbicides.
Repaired varieties usually bear fruit until the very frost, therefore, they are the most welcome guests on personal plots. We are used to the fact that most cultivated fruit plants have to adapt to cold climates. Raspberry is a completely different story, it often grows worse in regions with hot, long summers, here it is important not to be mistaken with the choice of the variety. Today we will tell you about the features of remontant raspberry varieties for the south of Russia.
What is remontant raspberry
Every spring, the remontant raspberry grows new shoots, forming a crop by the end of summer or autumn. With the beginning of winter, the part of the shoots that has finished bearing fruit will dry out, and the rest next spring will give fruit twigs with berries, just like ordinary raspberry varieties.
It turns out that remontant varieties bear fruit twice - the first, early harvest of raspberries is obtained on twigs that bore the last in the fall, the second - on the tops of young shoots. This double fruiting greatly weakens the bush, which leads to a deterioration in quality, as well as to a decrease in the number of fruits.
Most remontant varieties of raspberries are recommended to be used for one harvest - ripened on one-year strings. Then they are cut off at ground level with the onset of frost or in early spring.
This has its advantages - the main pests and pathogens diseases raspberries hide under the bark of wintering shoots, therefore, young shoots simply will not get sick and we will not have to use chemicals. In addition, we are avoiding the problems of freezing and damping off of overgrowth of remontant varieties during the cold period.
On the other hand, last year's sprigs of remontant raspberries begin to bear fruit very early; in the south of Russia, the first berries on some varieties appear already in the first ten days of July. Thus, the fruiting of raspberries, with a skillful selection of varieties, can last for almost six months, which is very attractive both for those who like to simply enjoy the fragrant berry and for people who grow this crop for sale.
How does remontant raspberry differ from ordinary
Naturally, the main difference is that ordinary raspberries bear fruit at a two-year growth, and remontant varieties give two yields - one on last year's branches, the second, stretched out in terms of ripening until late autumn, on the upper part of spring shoots.But the differences don't end there.
It is very easy to propagate ordinary raspberries - you plant a couple of bushes on the site and thanks to the abundant growth after a few years, you satisfy not only your own need for planting material, but also actively distribute “extra” plants to your friends and neighbors. Not that remontant raspberry. Most varieties give very little root growth, sometimes it is barely enough to replace dying two-year-old shoots. This makes it very difficult for her to reproduce.
Common raspberries have many pests and are often sick. It is almost impossible to get a full harvest without chemical treatments. As we noted above, the larvae of raspberry pests and spores of harmful bacteria hibernate under the bark of old shoots. To fight them, considerable financial and labor costs are needed, and after many treatments, the berries can no longer be called environmentally friendly.
If a to grow remontant raspberries in an annual culture, then you can simply forget about most diseases, and worry about pests only as they appear. After all, the most dangerous of them had nowhere to spend the winter, and if there are no plantings of ordinary raspberries nearby, it is quite possible that pests will bypass your site. Those insects that hibernate in the ground and do not move away together with the shoots that have finished fruiting are not able to adapt to the stages of development of remontant varieties.
Features of the cultivation of raspberries in the southern regions
The parental forms of modern raspberries originate from northern latitudes. This is the reason that this culture is more frost-resistant than drought-resistant. She easily adapts to low temperatures, and a long spring and a short cool summer for raspberries is what you need.
The specifics of growing remontant raspberries in the south of Russia, in particular in the Kuban, are due to the peculiarities of the climate, namely in the early hot spring. After the end of winter, the temperature rises rapidly and often reaches 25-30 degrees by the end of April. This is accompanied by winters with little snow with frequent thaws and drying winds that take moisture from the soil, which often lacks protective snow cover.
Numerous studies have shown that the main problem in growing raspberries in the southern regions is the drying of the shoots, which sharply increases towards the end of winter. At this time, the plant is still dormant, the dry wind picks up moisture from last year's stems, as well as the topsoil, where most of the raspberry roots lie. Although its root system is well-branched, it lies mainly at a depth of 30-40 cm.
This determines the requirements for the placement of plantings of raspberries in the southern regions:
- Raspberry plantings should be well protected from the wind. They are best planted in areas surrounded by forests, in the steppe - under the protection of forest belts or gardens. In the North Caucasus, it is good to plant raspberries on the northern and western mountain slopes.
- Although raspberries are not as demanding on watering as black currants and do not like stagnant water at the roots, the first condition for their successful cultivation is a sufficient amount of moisture in the soil throughout the growing season. In the southern regions, at high temperatures, this culture can be called extremely demanding for irrigation, where raspberries will feel best in gullies or river valleys. In the North Caucasus, in the mountainous regions, more precipitation falls, industrial plantations or raspberry plots without artificial irrigation should be laid there.
- In the southern regions, plants receive a lot of ultraviolet radiation, while raspberries, a native of the north and in the North Caucasus, tolerate shading well. She feels good in the shade of trees, between outbuildings, in the shade of a house and will be content with a small amount of sunlight.In the sun, raspberry leaves turn yellow ahead of time, and the berries can "cook" without reaching marketable ripeness.
Based on the foregoing, novice gardeners can visit the ingenious idea to place a raspberry plant in the aisles of the garden. Do not do this! Raspberries are capable of producing many root suckers and will quickly clog the garden. At the same time, it can run wild, and it will be difficult to fight overgrowth without disturbing the root system of fruit trees. The harvest of a wild raspberry will be ridiculous, but it will draw nutrients from the top layer of the soil and even complicate planned treatments from diseases and pests, as well as harvesting.
In the southern regions, planting raspberries should be done in the fall, best of all after the end of Indian summer. Even the most resistant varieties will not have time to take root if the temperature rises rapidly in spring - neither frequent watering nor stimulant treatment will help. As a rule, at high temperatures, spring plantings do not survive until summer.
Remontant raspberry varieties for the south of Russia
For the southern regions, it is important to choose the right raspberry varieties. If the planting material is not suitable for cultivation in hot climates, you can face the same problems as the Kuban farmers:
Fortunately, Russia is not only a leader in the cultivation and collection of raspberries. Domestic breeders academicians V.V. Kichin and I.V. Over the past 40 years, the Cossacks have created many varieties, including remontant ones, that can successfully bear fruit in different regions of Russia. You just need to carefully approach the choice of planting material.
Let's look at remontant varieties of raspberries designed specifically for breeding in hot climates.
Crane
Repaired raspberry, which is recommended for biennial cultivation. Powerful stems usually grow no higher than 2.0 m, each bush of the variety gives about 2.0 kg of fruit. The berries are delicious, ruby-colored, their weight can reach 3.5 g.
Apricot
Repaired raspberries, the average weight of which reaches 3.0-3.5 g, each bush can produce up to 2 kg of berries. Fruits are conical, with a blunt tip, golden apricot, the pulp is tasty, aromatic. The variety ripens from the beginning of August and gives up to 3/4 of the harvest before frost.
Raspberry bushes of this variety are medium-tall, slightly spreading, the length of the whips is 1.2-1.5 m.
Indian summer
A wonderful variety of raspberries of Russian selection, remontant, recommended for fruiting on spring shoots. Bushes are medium vigorous, medium spreading, with straight, strongly branching stems. Berries weighing 2.0-3.0, sometimes 4.0 g, red, tasty, round, aromatic. 1.0-1.5 kg of fruits are harvested from one raspberry bush.
Indian Summer-2
It is a variety of high-yielding remontant raspberries, giving up to 2.5 kg of products. Medium size (no higher than 1.5 m), a bush with straight branching stems gives up to 5 replacement shoots. Bears fruit about 2/3 of the length of the branch.
Juicy, tasty fruits of the variety weigh up to 3.5 g, have excellent commercial qualities and are suitable both for fresh consumption and for any processing. In the south, this raspberry variety manages to give almost the entire harvest before frost.
Brilliant
This remontant raspberry is recommended for fruiting on spring shoots. A one and a half meter bush annually gives no more than 6 replacement shoots and several root suckers. The fruiting part usually occupies more than half of the slightly drooping branches.
The productivity of the variety is good - 3.0 kg of raspberries are harvested from one bush. Usually, the berries begin to pour in from August and in the south almost all the fruits have time to ripen. Large, shiny, ruby hats weigh 4.0-4.5 g, maximum 7.0 g. It is remarkable that after full ripening, the raspberries do not crumble, but can stay on the bush for up to a week without compromising marketability.
Eurasia
Excellent raspberry, recognized as one of the best remontant varieties.The berries are large, their weight often reaches 4.5 g, maximum 6.5 g, 2.5 kg of products can be harvested from a bush. Raspberries are distinguished by dense, conical fruits, dark crimson color, early ripening, amicable fruiting.
Standard bushes, straight, up to one and a half meters high, very beautiful, they themselves can decorate any garden. The health of this raspberry variety is excellent, it can grow and bear fruit abundantly in different climatic zones.
Firebird
Yielding 2.5 kg of raspberries, a high-yielding cultivar, remontant, with good sprouting ability. Raspberries can grow up to 2.0 m in height, the upper part of the branches has few thorns.
The variety begins to bear fruit from the end of August; before frosts in the south, it gives off most of the harvest. Berries up to 4.5 g of the same size, red, with a delicate dessert taste. This remontant raspberry has a dense, but juicy pulp and is well transported.
Penguin
Raspberry remontant variety, ripening early, differs in the standard form of low bushes. Short, strong, up to 1.2 m stems covered with a large number of thorns.
Raspberry caps up to 5 g in weight can not fall off the branches for 5 days after ripening, without losing marketability. The yield of the variety is 2.0 kg per bush. Round raspberry berries ripen early and harvest together in early autumn.
Ruby necklace
It is a variety of highly productive remontant raspberry with drooping stems no more than 1.5 m long, forming up to 7 replacement shoots. For fruiting, it is better to leave only one-year spring shoots.
The berries are large, each can weigh 5.5 g, maximum 8.0 g. Raspberry caps have a cylindrical shape, ruby color, rather dense texture, pleasant taste. Up to 3 kg of berries are usually taken from the bush. Raspberries are good for freezing, processing, and eating. The variety begins to bear fruit in August and gives about 90% of the harvest before the onset of frost.
Orange miracle
Yellow raspberry with rather large caps weighing up to 7 g, maximum 9 g. One plant gives up to 2.5 kg of aromatic dessert berries. A bush up to 1.7 m high forms a lot of shoots for remontant varieties and no more than 7 replacement shoots. Long-term fruiting, usually begins in August.
Conclusion
In fact, there are many more varieties of raspberries, including remontant ones, suitable for growing in hot climates. And what is nice, most of them are of domestic selection. The video will tell you about the features of the remontant raspberry:
If your raspberry is not growing, then you have placed it incorrectly or selected the wrong varieties. Remember that this wonderful berry is grown in our country almost everywhere, it simply puts forward different requirements for care and placement, depending on the climate.
