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A rare suburban area does without a raspberry tree. An unpretentious, tasty, healthy berry has long won the hearts of summer residents and densely occupied places along the country fences. Aromatic jam in winter reminds of summer and helps against colds, and tea made from dried raspberry leaves, increases immunity, relieves kidney ailments, and saturates the body with vitamin C. classic raspberries are short-lived, only a couple of weeks in July.
Features of remontant varieties of raspberries
Progress does not stand still, the work of breeders has presented us with a great variety of raspberry varieties: here both yellow and black, and even those varieties that bear fruit for a longer time than traditional raspberries. This raspberry is called remontant, "re-flowering", the plant is capable of producing crops several times during the growing season. Common raspberries bear fruit on the shoots of the last year, and the remontant manages to please with berries on the shoots of the current year. Planting remontant raspberries in the fall, it will give the opportunity to get the first harvest next summer.
Repaired raspberries have a lot of advantages over common raspberries:
- Increased resistance to pests. It is caused by the shifted timing of flowering and fruiting;
- Resistance to diseases is due to podzimny cutting of bushes "to zero". Full pruning is included in the mandatory care of remontant raspberries in the fall:
- The minimum or complete absence of root suckers aggressively invading the surrounding area simplifies the care of the bushes;
- Return of the crop in the first year after planting;
- The longevity of the berries: they do not crumble from the bush and do not deteriorate, the crop does not need to be harvested daily, it is quite possible to go out with a bush once a week;
- No need to shelter bushes for the winter, due to pruning raspberries after fruiting;
- Later flowering minimizes spring frost damage;
- The ovaries are resistant to low autumn temperatures.
There were also some drawbacks, but compared to the advantages of remontant raspberries, they are insignificant:
- Lack of overgrowth makes it difficult reproduction of remontant raspberries familiar methods;
- The berry lacks a pronounced aroma with a preserved raspberry flavor;
- Increased demand for lighting.
Repaired raspberries have their own characteristics of vegetation, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video, which clearly shows how to care for repaired raspberries:
How to plant remontant raspberries correctly, in autumn or spring? You can plant seedlings in spring, in this case, by the end of summer you will see several berries on the bushes, but autumn planting is still more preferable, in the first summer after planting, you will already get the first harvest.
Site selection
For the successful cultivation of remontant raspberries, you should know that the slightest shading leads to a sharp decrease in yield, so you should choose a well-lit area, protected from drafts. The ideal option would be the south side, closed from the north by a fence, buildings, or a hedge.These varieties of raspberries do not like stagnant groundwater, so choose a dry place, or add soil. The soil should be fertile and loose.
Crop rotation rules
Although remontant raspberries are less susceptible to diseases and pests, the laws of crop rotation must be known and followed in order not to deplete the soil. The best precursor to raspberries is black steam. A good option for predecessors is green manure: vetch-oat mixture, lupine, white mustard.
It is impossible to plant remontant raspberries after any varieties of raspberries, since the soil is depleted, and in the course of the vital activity of the root system of raspberries, substances are released that inhibit young plantings. Transfer remontant raspberries to their original place is possible after 5-7 years of soil rest, during which time it will restore its properties.
Soil preparation
Repaired raspberries are actively growing and bearing fruit, therefore they need preliminary enrichment and soil preparation. There are two ways: long and short.
Long-term soil preparation
The site planned for planting raspberries is being prepared within two years. In the first autumn, dig up the soil, adding to it for each m2 45 g of potassium sulfate, humus 13-15 kg and 65 g of superphosphate in granules. With the onset of spring, plant vegetables (taking into account the rules of crop rotation), carry out the required dressings for the selected vegetable crops. In the next season, sow clover or legumes on the territory of the future raspberry plant, in August, embed the green mass in the soil, and in autumn, in mid-September or early October, depending on climatic conditions, start planting remontant raspberries.
Reduced soil preparation
With the abbreviated method, about a month before the planned planting of raspberries, you need to dig a hole about half a meter deep, put in it 25 g of potassium sulfate, 15 g of superphosphate and 10-12 kg of humus, fill the previously removed soil into the hole. For a trench planting method, dig a trench, for each meter of its length add one tablespoon of potassium sulfate and superphosphate, one liter can of wood ash, and 5-6 kg of rotted manure. After a month, dig up, loosen and start planting seedlings.
Top dressing during the growing season
With proper autumn soil preparation before planting remontant raspberries, the next season raspberries do not need fertilizers. In the future, remontant raspberry bushes should be fertilized twice a year. Mineral fertilizers are applied during the active growth of shoots, in June-early July, in August they perform complex feeding.
Repaired raspberry reacts sharply to a lack of nitrogen, and responds well to organic fertilizing... Liquid top dressing from mullein in a ratio of 1:10 or fermented poultry manure 1:20 in an amount of 4-5 liters per m22introduced in early summer will provide remontant raspberries with the necessary supply of nutrients.
Planting material placement scheme
There are several ways to plant remontant raspberries. Each gardener decides which one to choose, but remember that too dense thickets will negatively affect the harvest and make it difficult to care for the bushes.
Belt method
Raspberries are planted in rows, the distance between which is one and a half to two meters, and the distance between seedlings is 70-90 cm. If the variety you choose gives a small number of replacement shoots, then the distance between plantings can be slightly reduced.
Square-bush method
It implies the placement of planting material in a square, with a distance of a meter and a half between plants.This method is suitable for owners of large areas where you can allocate a large area for raspberries.
Curtain method
Saplings are arranged in small groups of 2-3 plants, planted at a distance of 60-70 cm.
Triangular scheme
It involves planting raspberries in an isosceles triangle, with a side of 40-50 cm. It should be noted that the last two methods are used in landscape design, in this case, you should choose varieties with different colors of berries in order to create a bright color palette of paints. With any planting method, keep an eye on the number of replacement shoots. There should be no more than 6-8 of them for each bush. Leave the most promising, and cut out the others mercilessly, otherwise the plant will spend energy not on fruiting, but on growing shoots. Also remove root shoots that will not be used for reproduction.
Reproduction methods
If this is the first time you decided to plant remontant raspberries, then purchase seedlings from a reliable seller to breed this crop. There are some differences in how to plant remontant raspberries with open and closed root systems. Seedlings with ZKS are transplanted to a previously prepared place by transshipment of an earthen coma, and seedlings of OKS should be inspected, damaged roots removed, dipped in a clay mash with the addition of a root formation stimulator, and spread in the planting pit. The root collar should be at ground level, do not allow excessive deepening, but also make sure that the roots are not exposed to air.
Using your own planting material
Some varieties of remontant raspberries produce a small number of root suckers, use them for propagation in the traditional way, as in the propagation of regular raspberries. Root suckers are most numerous in 4-5-year-old bushes of remontant varieties. When the height of the shoots reaches 7-10 cm, wait for cloudy weather, dig up and transplant the shoots to the "school", water, mulch and create shading. After rooting after a couple of weeks, the shading can be removed. In autumn, matured and grown seedlings of remontant raspberries can be transplanted to a permanent place.
For remontant varieties that give a small number of offspring, you can use methods such as:
Propagation by root cuttings
In the fall, after gently loosening the bush, dig out a root of at least 2 cm in diameter. Cut it into pieces of 10-12 cm, place in the groove, pour, bury, mulch. In the next season, this place should be watered, fertilized, carefully loosened and removed. weeds... At the end of the season, raspberry seedlings can be planted in a prepared place.
Propagation of raspberries by cuttings
This method uses green cuttings. They are harvested in the spring from young annual shoots of remontant raspberries 3-4 cm high. An shoot with a leafy rosette is suitable for propagation. Cut the stalk at a depth of 5-6 cm and remove it with roots and an earthen lump. Treat the cut with crushed coal and immediately plant it in the greenhouse at the same depth. Water, avoid overheating. After rooting, temper by opening the greenhouse, and then transplant to a permanent place.
Reproduction by dividing the bush
It is mainly used when replanting remontant raspberries after they have been growing in one place for more than 10 years, or if the wrong place has been chosen for the raspberry plant. Dig a bush, divide it into parts, cut the cuts with chopped charcoal, plant the resulting parts in a new place, having prepared it in advance.
Conclusion
Repotting of remontant raspberries is carried out at the same time, according to the same rules as planting young plants. Don't forget to feed and water the remontant raspberry bushes. The use of mulching material will eliminate the need for loosening and removing weeds.
