Content
- 1 Where does phytophthora come from
- 2 Disease prevention
- 3 How to save tomatoes from late blight in a greenhouse
- 4 Traditional methods of dealing with late blight
- 5 Soil processing in the greenhouse after late blight
- 6 How to protect tomatoes from phytophthora
- 7 Greenhouse processing after late blight
- 8 How to keep tomatoes after phytophthora
- 9 Conclusion
Those who have come across the appearance of late blight on tomatoes in a greenhouse know how difficult it is to get rid of it. diseaseswithout taking any action immediately after the first signs of infection. Indoors, this disease manifests itself much more often, and also spreads faster throughout all plants. Fortunately, there are many folk and chemical methods to combat this disease. But nevertheless, it is necessary to start the fight, or, more precisely, prevention, in advance, as it will get rid of from late blight very difficult. It is simply impossible to overcome this disease without harming the crop. Therefore, it is worthwhile to find out in more detail how the fight against late blight on tomatoes in the greenhouse. And also an equally important issue will be discussed - how to protect tomatoes from late blight.
Where does phytophthora come from
Phytophthora belongs to fungal diseases. Spores of this fungus can be stored in the ground throughout the winter. For a long time, gardeners may not know that their beds are infected with late blight. The planting of potatoes is the first to suffer from the disease, and then late blight spreads to other nightshade crops.
Phytophthora can be in the soil for several years, but not progress. Without appropriate conditions, the fungus will not manifest itself. Moisture is the best breeding ground for phytophthora. As soon as the humidity in the greenhouse rises due to temperature changes or fog, the disease will immediately manifest itself.
The experience of many gardeners shows that it is impossible to completely cure phytophthora. The only solution to this problem is to suspend the activity of the fungus. Applying preventive measures, you can prevent phytophthora from becoming active. In greenhouse conditions, it is much more difficult to treat the disease. Very often late blight destroys almost the entire crop. If the fungus spreads to all tomato bushes, then the chances of overcoming the disease are very small. In this case, gardeners have to go to extreme measures and destroy the fungus along with planting tomatoes.
A warning sign of the disease will be a change in the appearance of the leaves. They begin to turn yellow almost immediately after infection, and then dry up and crumble. After the fungus kills all the leaves on the lower part of the bushes, it "proceeds" to the fruit. First of all, small black spots appear on young tomatoes. When they are just starting to spread through the fruit, they will not be easy to spot. But very soon the spots will increase in size, and it will be impossible to ignore such a phenomenon.
Disease prevention
Tomatoes are often susceptible to fungal infections. This vegetable crop is very sensitive to increased moisture levels. The reason for the appearance of late blight may be improper, too abundant watering. But dry and hot weather, on the contrary, will allow late blight to not spread. It is also very important to follow the rules for growing and caring for tomatoes. Prevention of phytophthora on tomatoes in the greenhouse is the most effective method in the fight against disease.
It may seem that in bad weather conditions, the treatment of late blight on tomatoes will still not give positive results. But still, you can take steps that reduce the risk of getting the disease to a minimum:
- you should choose varieties with high resistance to late blight. Also pay attention to how the selected tomatoes are suitable for growing in your area. Indeterminate tomatoes are most often affected by late blight;
- first of all, late blight affects weak and sluggish plants. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of plant immunity already at the seedling stage. Strong seedlings will be able to withstand this terrible "enemy";
- all leaves at the bottom of the bushes should be removed. Do not underestimate this point, since pinching is also directly related to the prevention of late blight;
- you do not need to thicken tomato seedlings in the greenhouse too much. The correct planting pattern must be followed. Bushes should not shade their "neighbors". The sun is the main "enemy of phytophthora";
- it is necessary to water the plants under the bush, and not along the leaves and stems. On wet tomatoes, the disease manifests itself fastest;
- so that dampness does not accumulate in the greenhouse, it is often necessary to ventilate it. If the walls in the room are sweating, this is the first sign of an increase in humidity;
- mulching the soil will reduce the need for tomatoes in water. Due to the fact that the liquid will stay in the soil longer, the frequency of watering can be reduced;
- tall varieties of tomatoes must be tied up in a timely manner so that the plants do not lie on the ground. Because of this, the likelihood of late blight only increases. If it is not possible to tie up the bushes, it is better to purchase undersized varieties;
- before planting seedlings in the greenhouse, soil cultivation should be carried out. To do this, in the fall, the remains of all plants, which are often carriers of late blight, are removed from the beds. It is also necessary to disinfect the walls of the greenhouse itself. If there were no signs of the disease last year, then such a thorough preparation can not be carried out.
Fungal spores can also be found in seeds. Therefore, you should be very careful when preparing the seed yourself. In no case should you collect fruits for seeds from infected bushes. Even if there are no signs of late blight lesions on a particular fruit from an infected bush, this does not mean at all that it is healthy. It's just that the spots may not appear immediately.
How to save tomatoes from late blight in a greenhouse
The most popular drugs for the fight and prevention of late blight are:
- bordeaux mix;
- phytosporin;
- copper oxychloride.
Although these drugs have a chemical composition, nevertheless, if the rules of use are followed, they do not threaten human life and health. Treatment with these substances is carried out every two weeks. In specialized stores, you can also find drugs such as Oxychom, Metaxil and Acrobat. They are less popular, but they have also shown their effectiveness in practice. You can determine when to spray tomatoes from late blight by the plant itself. You can start when the first ovaries appear on the bushes. But if the summer this year is rainy and cold, it will only be better if the treatment of the bushes is started earlier.
Traditional methods of dealing with late blight
Many gardeners practice the use of whey on their site. This is a simple and economical way to prevent late blight. The serum envelops the plant, creating a protective layer that prevents fungal spores from entering.
In a similar way, a solution of kitchen salt acts on tomato seedlings.To prepare it in a large container, combine 1 glass of ordinary salt with a bucket of water. Further, the solution must be stirred until the salt crystals are completely dissolved. The solution is used for spraying bushes. He, like serum, creates a protective layer on the surface of the plant.
You can also spray tomatoes from late blight with an infusion of garlic and manganese. To do this, crush 5 heads of garlic. Now it is placed in a bucket of water and left to infuse for a day. Then 0.5 g of potassium permanganate is added to the liquid. The mixture is filtered before use.
Iodine from late blight on tomatoes is a very popular method of combating this disease. To prepare the solution, the following components are required:
- 9 liters of water.
- 1 liter of milk.
- 13-15 drops of iodine.
All ingredients are mixed and the tomatoes are treated with the prepared solution.
Soil processing in the greenhouse after late blight
Many gardeners do not attach much importance to the cultivation of the land in the greenhouse. Because of this, the disease is transmitted to plants from year to year. Phytophthora spores easily tolerate cold, being in the ground, and immediately with the onset of heat and appropriate conditions, they will make themselves felt. The accumulation of fungi makes the disease more and more aggressive every year. And in the near future, all known methods will be simply powerless.
As a prophylaxis for late blight, the soil should treat with phytosporin solution... If the disease is already running, and manifests itself every year, it is necessary to treat the soil with a stronger preparation immediately after harvesting in the fall in order to prevent the appearance of the disease next year.
The new soil must be fertile. In no case should it be taken from the beds where nightshade crops previously grew, because late blight affects them in the first place.
How to protect tomatoes from phytophthora
Most often late blight appears on greenhouse tomatoes in the month of August. The fact is that late blight loves temperature jumps, and it is during this period that the weather becomes unstable. Outdoors, tomatoes can be sore throughout the season. In a greenhouse, it is much easier to create the necessary conditions for the normal growth of tomatoes.
Starting in August, gardeners are advised to use additional methods of heating the greenhouse at night. For example, you can put a barrel of water in the middle of the greenhouse. During the day, it will completely warm up, and at night it will give off heat to the plants. Over the tomatoes, you can stretch a film or other covering material that perfectly protects the plants from the cold.
Greenhouse processing after late blight
If it so happened that the tomatoes in the greenhouse still got sick with late blight, then it is necessary to secure the next year's harvest. For this, a thorough processing of the room itself is carried out. To reduce the likelihood of late blight to a minimum, you must follow these rules:
- delete everything weeds and the remains of vegetable crops. All this must be burned so that late blight does not spread to other plants. Even when rotten, they remain hazardous, so the remains of greenhouse vegetation are not suitable for composting.
- In a greenhouse made of polycarbonate or glass, all walls and windows should be thoroughly washed. You can add baking soda to the cleaning water.
- After cleaning, it is necessary to disinfect all surfaces with a solution of special preparations. A fungicide such as phytosporin is perfect.
- If all the plants in the greenhouse are sick, you will need to replace the topsoil. As mentioned above, the fungus feels very well in the ground in winter.
How to keep tomatoes after phytophthora
Infected tomatoes cannot be stored for a long time, even if there are no visible signs of the disease on the fruits.Tomatoes from an infected bush will still start to deteriorate in the near future. In order to somehow prolong the freshness of the grown tomatoes, it is necessary to lower the fruits in water preheated to + 60 ° C. Tomatoes should be kept in it for several minutes, until the fruits are well warmed up. But, it is necessary to ensure that they are not cooked.
Conclusion
Phytophthora on tomatoes in a greenhouse is the most common disease of this crop. It can unpredictably appear already during the ripening of the fruit and simply destroy the entire crop. Therefore, many gardeners are wondering how to process tomatoes from late blight. It seems that today there are no more untested methods of how to deal with late blight on tomatoes in a greenhouse. But no one managed to find a truly effective method. All known methods of struggle only help to stop the spread of this disease.
But still, we are fighting late blight by carrying out prevention and observing the rules for caring for tomatoes. Protection of tomatoes from late blight is timely watering, airing the greenhouse, observing the temperature regime and other preventive measures. Faced with this disease, do not despair, because you can still save the tomato crop from late blight.
