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To get consistently high yields, you need to figure out who eats seedlings of cucumbers in the greenhouse. Pests are one of the main reasons for the decline in yields in greenhouses.
The most famous pests in greenhouses
Gall nematodes
(South, Javanese, peanut and northern) - harmful phytophages, belong to the large group of roundworms. The southern rootworm nematode is more common.
The female is easily recognizable by the pear-shaped body of a milky white color, 0.5-1.9 mm long. The adults are located in the enlarged tissues of the injured root - in the galls. They overwinter in the egg or larva phase. Root penetration occurs during planting of seedlings. The digestive enzymes of the pest provoke chaotic division of root cells. In the resulting galls, nematodes develop. Gauls create obstacles for the flow of water and nutrients into the vegetative organs of plants. The leaves turn yellow and fall off.
Melodydenosis - the so-called diseases caused by nematodes. As a result of the destructive activity of worms, the plant is depleted, the yield is sharply reduced, and premature death of the culture may occur. Diseases that penetrate the damaged root (rot, fusarium wilting) develop due to nematode infection. Cultivation of hybrids that are resistant to damage gives positive results.
Pests of cucumbers in the greenhouse - mites - represent an extensive group of phytophages.
Common spider mite
It reproduces mainly on cucumbers. It spreads on all vegetative organs of culture: leaves, stems, fruits, braiding them with cobwebs. Eating plant sap from cells causes irreversible changes in metabolism. The oppression of plants leads to a significant decrease in yield. White spots on the leaves, at first single, eventually form a continuous marble pattern. Subsequently, the leaves dry out.
Tarzonemid mites
Rarely damage stems and roots, feeding mainly on leaves.
Melon aphid
Tobacco and cucumber mosaic viruses are spread by aphids. Saprophytic fungi settle on its secretions. Cucumbers lag behind in growth and development, the quality of products is deteriorating. Photosynthesis is inhibited. With an ideal microclimate in a greenhouse - a temperature of + 22 ... + 25 ° С, a relative humidity of 80% - the population size increases dramatically: 20 generations grow during the season. In auxiliary greenhouses, the pest is sprayed with Aktellik or Fosbecid, Intravir, TAB.
Greenhouse farms use natural enemies - predators, including:
- gall midge of aphidimis;
- parasitic lisiflebus wasps;
- Cuban ladybug cyclone.
Greenhouse, or greenhouse whitefly
On cucumbers, the reproduction rate, fertility and survival rate are higher than on other crops. It infects the leaves with honeydew, which makes them shine, and then black, or sooty mushroom. The adult is from 0.9 to 1.1 mm in size, yellowish in color. It has 2 pairs of wings enveloped in white powdery pollen. The larvae and nymphs have a flat, rounded, undivided body covered with spines. Hibernating females are able to tolerate temperatures down to -12 ° C. 10-15 generations are formed during the season. Protective measures:
- prevention - destruction weeds-reservators;
- disinfection of containers and seedlings;
- use in auxiliary greenhouses of Verticillin, Aktellik or Fosbecid, Inta-Vira, TAB.
Western flower, or California thrips
Has a quarantine value. Imago with a narrow body 1.3-1.4 mm long. Color from light yellow to dark brown. On the anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum, 5 pairs of setae grow. Has fringed wings. The adults hibernate on organic soil residues or in the crevices of greenhouse structures. Appears after planting seedlings. Lays eggs in leaves and stem tops. Females feed on plant sap for a month. During this time, up to 300 eggs can be laid.
The vital activity of thrips causes the appearance of yellow necrotic spots and a significant weakening of plants. Torn holes appear on the sheet. The tops of the stems are twisted. The flowers are tied with deformed fruits. Sterilization of soil, disinfection of containers and tools, weed control give a positive result.
Nightshade miner
Harmful to cucumbers in spring. It is a fly with a black back, transparent wings, a yellow shield, and light halteres. Body length - 1.5-2.3 mm. False cocoons overwinter in the soil surface. Flies out at the time of planting seedlings. After mating, the females lay eggs in the leaf tissue. Then the larvae that appear gnaw through the passages, damaging the surface. Up to 5-7 generations can develop in a greenhouse. The function of photosynthesis is inhibited, the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Prevention - weed removal, soil disinfection. Apply Actellic or Fosbecid, TAB, CE.
Cucumber gnat
3-5 mm long, gray, with large faceted eyes. It has one pair of webbed wings. The larva is white, legless, worm-like. It enters the greenhouse with humus. The imago is populated with cucumber seedlings. Oviposition takes place in the soil. The larvae gnaw through the passages at the base of the seedling stems and in the roots. The result of feeding the larvae is rotting and soaking of the lower part of the stem. The turgor is violated, and the plant dies.
Indoor plant protection
The fight against phytophages begins with the aim of preventing:
- before planting, the greenhouse (its main structures) is disinfected by flame treatment;
- carry out heat treatment of the soil;
- eliminate old plant residues;
- wash glass and greenhouse structures with disinfectant solutions;
- whitewash the greenhouse foundation.
A complex of preventive measures leads to the death of the main number of phytophages.
