Content
Brief description of the pear variety Gera: high-yielding unpretentious plant with high taste. It was obtained as a result of the activities of breeders S. P. Yakovlev, M. Yu. Akimov and N. I. Savelyev. Daughter of Dawn and Reale Turinskaya were used for its breeding. The variety has been in trial since 2003.
Description of the pear variety Gera
The tree has a narrow pyramidal crown and grows up to 4 m in height. Fruits are formed on both annual shoots and perennial branches. They are straight, medium in thickness, brown in color, without hairiness.
The buds are medium in size and round in shape, tightly pressed to the branches. The leaf plates are dark green in color, with a shiny and smooth surface, medium in size and oval in shape.
The flowers of Hera's pear are white with white petals. The budding and opening process takes place at the end of spring. Flowers up to 3 cm in diameter, almost completely cover the trunk.
Fruit characteristics
Pear Gera, according to the description and photo, bears large fruits for 4-5 years from the moment of planting, their mass ranges from 180 to 250 g. The skin is green, of medium density, as it ripens, it changes color to yellow. A slight pinkish blush may be present. The core is rounded, containing oblong brown seeds.
The pulp of the pear is fine-grained, creamy, very juicy. Granulation (fossilized inclusions) may occur in fruits. According to the taste characteristics, Gera pears are sweet and sour, estimated at 4.3 points. The fruits have an unobtrusive delicate aroma.
Violation of the rules of planting and care are factors contributing to the premature death of the plant.
Advantages and disadvantages of the Hera pear
According to the description and reviews, the Gera pear variety is preferred to be cultivated in central Russia. The variety is known among gardeners for the following qualities:
- high yield for a long time;
- frost resistance (up to - 38 ° С);
- high keeping rates and the possibility of transportation over long distances;
- resistance to scab, septoria.
No obvious shortcomings of the variety have been identified, but the fruits of the Hera pear lose their presentation (darken) if the rules for transportation and storage in the premises are violated.
Optimal growing conditions
The pear grows wild in the countries of Europe and Central Asia, where it is a deciduous thicket. The fruits of such a plant are small, with low palatability.
In a cultivated form, the Gera pear is grown in household plots located in the Urals, Western Siberia, Ukraine and Belarus, Japan and China. This widespread distribution is facilitated by not only high yields, but also unpretentious care, high frost resistance.
The optimal conditions for pear cultivation are fertile and loose soil with neutral or reduced acidity. On acidic or waterlogged soils, the seedling takes root hard, gives a poor harvest or does not bear fruit.
Planting and caring for the Hera pear
In the autumn, it is preferable to transfer seedlings to the ground if the region has moderate climatic conditions without a sharp change in weather. With a successful planting, the first crop is harvested in 4-5 years, and the maximum fruiting is noted in the 10th year of cultivation of the variety.
Landing rules
On the site, it is necessary to allocate a place with sufficient lighting and the absence of drafts. Before planting, dig a hole with a diameter of 80 cm and a depth of 1 m.With a predominance of sandy soil, peat is added to the humus in a ratio of 1: 2.
The planting site is prepared a week before the transfer of the seedling to the site. Fertilizers with humus are added to the pit and poured with a bucket of water, add 3 tbsp. tablespoons of potassium sulfate. The next day, the humus is stirred and another 3 buckets of water are added. It is recommended to replant the variety a week after digging a hole.
The day before the plant is transferred to the ground, it is left in a bucket of water in order to start biological processes in the seedling.
Gera's pear is placed in a pit, covered with soil. At the end of the procedure, the earth is tamped around and a hole is formed. The seedling is watered abundantly.
To prevent damage to the pear, it is recommended to build a support from a wooden stake, to which the stem of the plant is tied.
Seedling care consists in abundant watering for the first 30 days: 2 times a week. After pear rooting, soil moistening is carried out less often: before and after flowering and in autumn. The plant does not need insulation, so annual plantings are wrapped in snow. This procedure is not required in the following years.
Watering and feeding
Hera pear is drought-resistant, but to obtain the maximum amount of harvest, it is necessary to ensure soil moisture during the flowering period and after it. The rate of watering for the seed is calculated: per 1 m2 3 buckets of water are poured into the soil. The procedure is carried out both by sprinkling and by irrigation grooves.
The procedure is carried out in the evening to avoid liquid getting on the sheet plates. It is recommended to use special sprayers for sprinkling.
For surface irrigation in a circle around the trunk, the soil is loosened and grooves with a depth of 10 to 15 cm are formed.
To prevent the soil from drying out, it is mulched with improvised materials (chopped straw, sawdust, foliage).
To maintain the fertility of the soil, it is necessary to regularly fertilize it: in spring, in summer and in autumn. During the flowering period, the pear actively absorbs nitrogen, therefore, fertilizers containing it are applied by scattering along the edge of the trunk circle.
In summer, it is recommended to use complex supplements. In the fall, at the end of fruiting, preparations containing phosphorus and potassium are introduced into the soil.
Pruning
The procedure can be carried out regardless of the season. For crown formation, it is recommended to give preference to the autumn period. In the spring, it is recommended to remove the shoots that have frozen over the winter.
General guidelines for pruning Gera pears:
- heavily thickened branches are thinned out to ensure full access to sunlight;
- ¼ trimming the stem prevents overgrowth of the variety;
- the place of the saw cut is treated with special preparations or garden varnish;
- branches with signs of the disease, dried out or growing at right angles, are necessarily removed.
If pruning is necessary in the fall, then the optimal time is the beginning of October, when the foliage completely falls off the pear. When carrying out the procedure in the spring, they wait until the end of February, or the beginning of March.
Whitewash
To protect the bark of trees from sunlight, pests and temperature extremes, whitewash is carried out.The procedure is recommended to be performed twice: in spring and autumn. The preferred time for whitewashing is the end of fruiting (October-November).
If it is impossible to carry out it in the fall, it is necessary to do it in February in order to prevent the appearance of cracks in the bark as a result of night frosts.
To prepare whitewash, 3 kg of slaked lime, chalk or copper sulfate are diluted in 10 liters of water, then 2-3 tablespoons of flour paste are added (you can replace 100 g of casein glue). The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed and left to stand.
Before carrying out the procedure, it is required to prepare the bark of the Hera pear: to clean the trunks and branches from lichens and old bark. It is forbidden to use knives and brushes made of metal, as there is a high risk of damage to the plant.
Everything that was removed from the trunks and branches must be burned, and the cleaned bark must be disinfected. To do this, in dry, calm weather, it is treated with a 5% solution of copper sulfate. If necessary, it is replaced with drugs Abiga Peak or Oxykhom. Spraying is recommended from a sprayer.
Preparing for winter
At the end of fruiting, fallen pears and foliage are collected and burned, the soil is dug up and fertilized.
Hera's pear is frost-resistant, but in order to prevent it, the soil around the trunk is mulched using sawdust and humus.
For prophylaxis against rodents, the trunk is wrapped with a net or any covering material. In preparation for the winter of the seedling, its branches are tied.
Hera pear pollinators
This variety has low self-fertility, so pollinators are required to increase yields.
For the Gera pear, the best options are Lada, Pamyati Yakovleva, or the Chizhovskaya variety.
The distance at which the pollinator is placed depends on the selected representative. Regardless of the variety, it is recommended to place pears at least 5 m apart. The maximum distance between pears should not exceed 10-15 m.
Yield
The Gera pear is characterized by a high yield: up to 40 kg per tree. For harvesting, cloth gloves are used, separating the fruit from the tree along with the stalk.
For maximum safety of the pear, you must adhere to the following rules:
- the fruit is placed in a ventilated dark place, where the humidity is 85%, and the temperature is up to + 1 ° C;
- put Gera's pears in a wooden box with sawdust, where each fruit is wrapped in paper;
- overripe or spoiled fruit cannot be stored;
- pears need to be sorted periodically, fruits with defects are disposed of.
Freezing of fruits is possible, in the refrigerator in cut form they are stored for 24 hours.
Diseases and pests
Hera pear is resistant to the attack of diseases such as scab and septoria, but there are pests and diseases that can lead to the death of the plant.
Black cancer affects leaf plates, shoots and fruits. To get rid of it, the affected bark must be removed, the trunk must be treated with garden pitch. Whole shoots are sprayed with copper sulfate.
For moniliosis, rotting of the fruits on the branch is characteristic. Fruit struck and fallen to the ground are collected and disposed of, the tree is treated prophylactically with a phytosporin solution.
Powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of a white bloom on leaf plates. As the disease progresses, they fold and fall off. For treatment and prevention, the pear is treated with Fundazole solution.
Parasites dangerous for pears that can harm the variety:
- moth;
- green aphid;
- pear mite;
- flies.
To combat pests, it is necessary to remove and burn all foliage in a timely manner. It is imperative to carry out digging of soil, whitewash and regular inspection of the pear.
Reviews of gardeners about pear Gera
Conclusion
The description of the Gera pear variety and numerous reviews confirm the high yield and unpretentiousness of the culture. The plant bears fruit well on neutral soil, it is not demanding to care for. The resulting crop has good lightness and transportability, so it can be used for various purposes.
