Content
Sweet cherry Gronkovaya is a very popular variety of Belarusian selection. The characteristics of the tree are so well matched that the cultivation of Gronkova is profitable and quite simple.
Breeding history
A group of scientists from the Institute of Fruit Growing of the Republic of Belarus worked on the creation of the variety - Syubarova E.P., Zhuk V.S., Vyshinskaya M.I., Sulimova R.M.To obtain the necessary properties, a mixture of sweet cherry pollen and the Severnaya variety were crossed. The variety was entered into the State Register in 1999.
Description of culture
The culture is vigorous, but the sweet cherry variety Gronkovaya has an average height. The tree grows quickly, reaching 4.5-5 m in adult size.
The crown of Gronkova is medium-dense, wide-pyramidal in shape. Shoots are of medium length and thickness, growing straight. The skin is brown.
The leaves are small compared to the usual size of cherry leaf blades. They have the shape of an ellipse with a pointed end, painted in a dark green color.
Gronkova's fruits look like a heart, one-dimensional. The skin is dark red. The pulp is of the same color, juicy. The small bone is easily detached. The weight of one berry is about 5-6 g.
The description of the sweet cherry variety Gronkovaya should be continued by listing the flavoring parameters. The fruits are sweet, with a dessert taste. Gronkovaya sweet cherry tasting score is 4.8 points.
The variety was most widespread in the regions of the Republic of Belarus - Mogilev, Gomel, Brest, Vitebsk, Grodno. It is also recommended to grow the variety in a region with similar climatic conditions - in the North Caucasus or in the Astrakhan region.
An important addition to the description will be a photo of the Gronkovaya cherry.
Characteristics
The main characteristic of the Gronkovaya cherry variety is the ripening period. The species belongs to the early ones, therefore, all other parameters depend on the characteristics of the development of early sweet cherry.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Gronkova's winter hardiness is high. Slightly inferior in terms of parameters to plums, pears and apples. The variety is prized for its ability to withstand lower temperatures and frost, but the tree needs shelter for the winter period. If the autumn activities are carried out correctly, then the variety can withstand frosts up to 24 ° C. A number of factors affect the winter hardiness of Gronkova:
- fertilization;
- preparatory activities for the winter;
- the location of the garden area;
- terrain relief.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
The variety Sweet cherry Gronkovaya is self-fertile. To get a good harvest, you need to plant other species nearby. The following pollinating varieties are best suited for Gronkovaya cherries:
- Rival;
- Sap;
- People's;
- Zhurba;
- Iput;
- Hotel;
- Syubarovskaya.
Gronkovaya blooms in early spring, and the fruits are ready for harvest at the end of June.
Productivity, fruiting
The sweet cherry variety has a high yield, regular annual fruiting, from 65 to 90 centners of ripe berries are harvested from 1 hectare. The amount depends on compliance with agrotechnical requirements and climatic growing conditions.Gronkova's first crop is harvested in the 4th year after planting the seedling.
Scope of berries
The best use of the Gronkovaya variety is to feast on fresh berries.
When the cherry is ripe, there is still not enough vitamins in the garden. Therefore, the optimal type of blanks from early varieties is compotes. Preserves or jams are best made from later varieties of cherries.
Disease and pest resistance
The Gronkovaya variety is highly valued for its resistance to diseases and pest attacks. The plant demonstrates the greatest immunity to the defeat of coccomycosis.
Advantages and disadvantages
Based on the description of the Gronkovaya sweet cherry, you can make a list of the pros and cons of this type. Among the advantages, gardeners note:
- regular high yields;
- winter hardiness;
- early ripening;
- decent taste and marketability;
- early maturity;
- disease resistance.
And the disadvantages of the Gronkovaya variety are:
- self-infertility;
- short shelf life;
- average rate of transportation.
Landing features
Planting cherries by Gronkova is a responsible business. The correct choice of place and time will ensure the good development of the plant.
Recommended timing
For a heat-loving plant in the southern regions, autumn will be the best time. Here the winters are not harsh, and the seedling will take root well, and in early spring it will actively grow.
In the middle lane, the variety can be planted in spring and autumn. To choose when is better, they are guided by the weather. Sharp changes in winter - it is better to plant in spring, even calm winter - then autumn.
Choosing the right place
Good illumination is very important for cherries. In this case, it is necessary to plant a seedling so that it is not shaded by neighboring trees. The place should not be blown by strong winds, the occurrence of groundwater should not be closer than 2.5 m to the surface. So that there is no stagnation of moisture, not steep slopes or mounds are chosen for planting cherries.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
According to the recommendations of farmers, cherries should be combined with other stone fruit crops. For example, Gronkovaya will grow well next to cherries, elderberries, grapes or hawthorns. But currants, gooseberries, raspberries or sea buckthorn are best placed on the other side of the garden. If there is a shortage of space, it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 5 m between the Gronkovaya cherry and the apple or pear tree.
Selection and preparation of planting material
It is optimal to purchase seedlings at a time when the choice of planting material is most extensive. It is best to contact a specialized nursery in the fall. Important! Acquired cherry seedlings Gronkovaya must have a well-developed strong root system and a trace of grafting.
The optimal height of a one-year-old Gronkovo tree is about 80 cm, a biennial one - no more than 1 m.If the seedlings need to be transported to the site, then the roots are wrapped with a cloth soaked in water, and covered with polyethylene on top.
Landing algorithm
Prepare the soil before planting. Mix garden fertile soil and humus in a 1: 2 ratio. If there is clay or peat soil on the site, then the planting hole will need to be completely filled with the prepared mixture, having previously selected all the ground from there. Then:
- Dig a hole measuring 65 cm x 80 cm.
- Pour a mound from the prepared mixture.
- Set up a seedling and a peg for tying.
- Spread the roots.
- Fall asleep with soil, periodically shaking the tree and pouring water on the ground.
- Slightly compact the soil in the periosteal circle.
- Water the plant.
- Formative post-plant pruning is done.
Follow-up care of the culture
The cultivation of sweet cherries Gronkovaya consists of a certain set of agrotechnical measures. The health and productivity of the tree depends on the quality and timeliness of their implementation.
Regular watering is especially necessary for a young seedling in the first year of life. Then, for mature trees, 3 waterings are left in the summer.
Weeding and loosening are also very important in the first 2-3 years. So that weeds are not
slaughtered a young plant, did not become carriers of diseases or pests.
Getting a good harvest of sweet cherries of the Gronkovaya variety without pruning is problematic. The tree is pruned annually to prevent thickening of the crown.
The main fertilizers are applied in the fall for digging.
To protect against burns and the invasion of parasites, the trunks of sweet cherries are whitewashed. Mature trees in the southern regions can winter without additional shelter. Young people must be covered with burlap, spruce branches. Artificial materials are not used so that the trees do not snot.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The initial preventive treatment is carried out in early spring, until sap flow has begun, and also in the fall during the period of leaf fall. To do this, use a urea solution (700 g per 10 l of water).
Name of the disease | Control and prevention measures |
Clasterosporium disease | Treatment with copper sulfate, "Nitrafen", Bordeaux liquid. Cutting the affected parts of the tree |
Gray rot (moniliosis) | Spraying with Bordeaux liquid after flowering and 14 days after harvest. Removal of diseased shoots and affected fruits, burning of leaves |
Migratory pests (cherry aphid, cherry fly, leafworm) | Processing "Fitoverm", "Akarin", "Iskra-bio" |
Conclusion
Sweet cherry Gronkovaya is a worthy early variety. High yields allow you to get useful fruits at a time when other crops are just beginning to bloom.
Testimonials
Reviews about Gronkovaya cherry are very positive and enthusiastic.
