Content
The right variety of fruit tree is half the success in obtaining a rich harvest. This article has a full description, photos and reviews about the Zabava pear, left by experienced amateur gardeners.
Description of pear variety Zabava
The pear variety Zabava was bred in Belarus, its parents were the varieties Aleksandrovka and Lyubimitsa Klappa, the originator was G.M. Myalik with a team of like-minded people. This is a pear of the autumn ripening period, the technical ripeness of the fruits occurs approximately in mid-September (at the latitudes of Belarus).
The tree of this variety has a broad-pyramidal crown and moderate vigor. The period of entry into fruiting is usual for pears - for 5-6 years. The fruits are tied on spears, as well as on ringlets - simple and complex.
Fruit characteristics
The fruits of the Zabava variety are distinguished by their evenness, medium size (up to 160 g) and a classic pear-shaped form. At the harvesting stage, the skin color is greenish-yellow, after 2-3 weeks it changes to yellow-golden with a pronounced red-brown blush on most of the fruit. Over the entire surface, there are prominent subcutaneous dots of gray-green color.
The taste of ripe Zabava pears is sweet and sour, pleasant, estimated at 4.6 points on a 5-point scale. The pulp is tender, aromatic, very juicy. The fruits of the Zabava variety are stored for a short time - up to 1 month.
Pros and cons of pear varieties Fun
The Zabava variety is relatively young and has been tested so far only in certain regions, mainly in Belarus. Therefore, the main disadvantage of the Zabava pear can be attributed to the poorly studied winter hardiness in the conditions of central Russia.
But at the same time, the Zabava variety also has certain advantages that allow it to be noticed by amateur gardeners for growing on personal plots:
- moderate growth facilitates tree handling and harvesting;
- excellent taste of fruits;
- impressive productivity of the Zabava variety in a private garden.
Optimal growing conditions
The main condition for the success of pear cultivation is the optimal groundwater level - not closer than 2.5 m.In areas with close water occurrence, they arrange bulk ridges or lay a flat sheet of slate or tin in a planting pit so that the main root, encountering an obstacle in the path of growth, turns to the side and did not reach the danger zone.
The place for Zabava pears is chosen well-lit; on the north side, it is desirable to have protection in the form of a house wall or a high hedge. Do not plant fruit trees in natural lowlands where water accumulates due to melting snow or heavy rainfall.
Planting and caring for a pear Fun
When buying a seedling of the Zabava variety, it is better to opt for annual trees, the survival rate of which is much better than that of two-year-olds and older. You should also pay attention to the fact that the plant does not have external signs of diseases, which may be evidenced by:
- spots and sagging on the trunk and skeletal branches;
- swellings and traces of rot on the main roots.
Pears are planted both in spring and autumn. The main condition for this is that the tree should be at rest, that is, the growing season either has not yet begun (in spring), or has already ended (in autumn).In regions with a harsh climate (Siberia, the Urals, Primorye), spring planting is preferable, but during this period it is necessary to especially carefully monitor the constant level of moisture in the soil until the pear finally takes root.
Landing rules
A planting pit for a pear variety Zabava is prepared based on the size of its root system, adding another 20-30% to the depth. A bucket of nutrient-drainage mixture is poured onto the bottom, consisting of humus, expanded clay, fertile soil and river sand, taken in equal proportions. You can add a half-liter can of wood ash and 1 tbsp. l. nitroammophos.
A bucket (or more) of water is poured into the pit to make a mud slurry, and you need to plant a young tree in it, straightening the roots and placing its trunk strictly vertically. The root collar cannot be buried; it is better to raise it 2-3 cm above the soil level. Otherwise, the first fruiting will be greatly delayed, and the pear itself will be oppressed. Before filling the pit with soil, a support peg is installed. After planting, the soil in the near-stem circle is compacted, the seedling is watered again from a watering can and mulched with dry humus or compost with a layer of 2-3 cm.
2-3 buckets of expanded clay or broken brick are poured onto the bottom, and then filled with black soil mixed with sand (4: 1). The pit is well spilled and left for 1-2 weeks so that the soil is a donkey, after which they are planted.
Watering and feeding
Timely watering is necessary for the pear variety Zabava during the period of active growth, flowering and the formation of ovaries. Especially carefully it is necessary to monitor soil irrigation in the near-trunk circle in a dry hot summer. To reduce the frequency of watering and maintain the required level of moisture, you need to mulch with cut grass, straw or other organic materials. Make a layer of mulch at least 10 cm, since it very quickly decreases due to the vital activity of soil inhabitants.
In the year of planting, provided that the pit is properly filled, a young pear Zabava does not need additional nutrition. Only at the end of summer can you carry out foliar feeding with potassium monophosphate, which will help the tree to successfully overwinter. In subsequent years, the fertilization scheme for pears of the Zabava variety can be as follows:
- In early spring, when the soil thaws, nitroammofosk or other complex fertilizer is applied under the digging of the trunk circle. For trees under 5 years old, 1 tbsp is enough. l. granules, for older ones - 2 tbsp. l.
- In summer, during flowering, phosphorus and potassium (superphosphate and potassium salt) are added in 1 tsp. each substance for young trees and 2 tsp. for adults.
- In late summer or early autumn foliar feeding of pears is carried out with potassium monophosphate and 500 g of wood ash is scattered into the loosened soil under each tree.
- In winter, organic fertilizers are applied - rotted manure or droppings at the rate of 3-4 kg for each pear over 4 years old. At the same time, it is important that fertilizing for a pear was introduced after the end of the growing season, with the onset of stable frosts.
Pruning
The crown of Zabava pears is formed as sparsely pyramidal. The height of the trunk for a tree older than 5 years should be about 60-80 cm, then the first tier of 2-4 skeletal branches begins. Above it, 50-60 cm is the second tier and all the others, depending on the age of the Zabava pear and its height.
To achieve this result, 3 types of shaping are used:
- Summer pruning or pinching. It is carried out during the period of active growth of green shoots by pinching their tops or completely removing (breaking out) unnecessary branches. This operation gives a growth retardation for 2-3 weeks, at the same time there is a better ripening of the shoots, the appearance of lateral branches and the laying of fruit buds.
- Classic shortening pruning. It is carried out in early spring or autumn after leaf fall.With its help, extra shoots growing deeper into the crown are removed, too long increments of the current year are shortened. When making such a shaping of a tree, it must be borne in mind that radical pruning causes an increased awakening of dormant buds and, as a result, a powerful growth that must be kept under control. After all, the main problem in the formation of the crown of pear trees of any varieties is their vigorous growth and, at the same time, low shoot-forming ability. The pear variety Zabava has an advantage in this respect - a moderate growth force is genetically inherent in it.
- Deviation of shoots in a horizontal plane. With this method, the branches, often branching off from pears at an acute angle, are carefully bent to the maximum horizontal position. For fixing, spacers are used or twine is pulled from the shoots to the staples stuck into the ground. With such a deviation, the growth force of the shoots slows down, the formation of fruit twigs accelerates, the first fruiting of a pear tree occurs 2-3 years earlier than usual.
Whitewash
In order to keep the fruit tree stem from frost breaks, to protect it from pests overwintering in the bark, to reflect the bright rays of the early spring sun, it is traditionally customary to whitewash the trunks on the last fine November days. The composition of the whitewash may vary in detail, but the main components are lime, clay or mullein, and water in such an amount that a mass is obtained that is similar in consistency to thick sour cream. Whitewashing is applied to the trunk of the tree and the forks of skeletal branches.
Preparing for winter
Young trees and southern varieties need special measures to prepare for the winter period. The pear variety Zabava has not yet been sufficiently tested in the middle lane, therefore, it is necessary to create comfortable wintering conditions for it. To do this, the trunks are wrapped in non-woven material or burlap and additionally on top of it - with a special protective mesh from rodents. On the northern side of the Zabava pear, temporary barriers can be placed, for example, empty barrels, which will not only serve as wind protection, but also provide snow retention.
How to properly prepare a young pear for winter:
Pollination
To ensure a good harvest, the Zabava pear needs the neighborhood of a pollinator variety. The best are Nadyadnaya Efimova and Bere Loshitskaya. If you wish, you can select other pollinators, the main thing is that the flowering dates of the selected varieties and the Zabava pear coincide as much as possible.
Yield
It is difficult to talk about the productivity of Zabava pears in a private garden, but in industrial gardens this variety has shown itself to be the best. Balanced nutrition and proper agricultural technology allow collecting up to 15-20 tons per hectare.
Diseases and pests
Fruit trees, including pears, are often susceptible to various diseases, the main of which is the scab caused by pathogenic fungi. The main control measure is timely treatment with copper-containing preparations. It is carried out as a prophylaxis in the early spring period and after leaf fall, as well as at the first signs of appearance - characteristic spots on the leaves. Zabava pear has medium scab resistance.
A common occurrence is bacterial cancer, which manifests itself as a sudden blackening of the leaves and subsequent wilting of the shoots. Treating trees in spring on a green cone and during flowering with special antibiotic preparations brings good results. The Zabava variety has an average resistance to bacterial diseases.
Common pests of fruit trees are leaf rollers, aphids, pear moths, moths and gall mites. One of the most effective preventive measures against most of them is the use of pheromone traps of trapping belts, homemade or industrial. In advanced cases, insecticides of systemic action are used - Aktar, Fufanon, Inta-Vir, etc.
Reviews about pear Zabava
Conclusion
A detailed description, photos and reviews about the Zabava pear will help you make the right choice of a fruit tree for a garden plot. This is a promising variety - high-yielding, medium-sized and resistant to major diseases of fruit crops.
