Content
Pear Moskvichka was bred by domestic scientists S.T. Chizhov and S.P. Potapov in the 80s of the last century. The variety is adapted to the climatic conditions of the Moscow region. The parent for the Moskvichka pear is Kieffer varietygrowing in the southern regions. The Moskvichka variety is suitable for planting in the Central belt and the Volga region.
Variety characteristics
Description of the Moskvichka pear:
- medium-sized tree of the standard type;
- dense crown, at a young age has the shape of a funnel, in adult plants - a conical shape;
- gray bark;
- medium shoot formation;
- curved brown shoots;
- medium oval leaves, serrated at the edges;
- elastic curved sheet plate;
- cupped white inflorescences;
- inflorescences include 5-7 buds.
The fruits of the Moskvichka variety have the following features:
- average weight 120 g;
- wide pear shape;
- yellow skin with a greenish tint;
- the presence of points on the surface of the fruit;
- white, firm and juicy flesh;
- in the core, the pulp is granular;
- blush is rarely observed;
- high taste;
- pronounced aroma;
- sweet and sour taste.
The ripening of the Moskvichka pears occurs in September. The fruits are harvested when the skin turns yellow. At zero temperature, the crop is stored for up to 3 months. In room conditions, the fruits are kept for no more than 2 weeks.
The fruits of the Moskvichka variety are picked green before maturity. Ripe pear does not crumble and retains external properties after ripening. The transportability of the variety is average.
Fruiting of the Moskvichka variety begins 3 years after planting. The tree yields 35-40 kg annually.
Planting pears
The Moskvichka variety is planted after the preparation of the soil and the planting pit. The variety is demanding on the location of the site, the quality of the soil and access to the sun. Healthy trees with a developed root system take root most quickly.
Site preparation
The place for the Moskvichka pear is chosen taking into account its location and illumination. A part of the land located on the southern or southwestern side of the site is allocated for a tree. The place should be sunny, but not too hot.
The high location of groundwater negatively affects the development of the pear. With constant exposure to moisture, root decay occurs. The place is chosen on a hill or slope.
When disembarking in the fall, the Moskvichka pear manages to adapt to new conditions before the cold snap begins. Therefore, an autumn planting is considered more reliable.
Pear grows well on black earth or loamy soils. Sandy, clayey and poor soil is not suitable for planting. The introduction of additional components helps to improve its composition.
Coarse river sand is introduced into the clay soil, and peat into the sandy soil. All types of soil are fertilized with organic matter. Each pit requires 2-3 buckets of compost or humus. Of the mineral fertilizers for fruit trees, 300 g of superphosphate and 100 g of potassium sulphide are used.
The Moskvichka variety is self-fertile. At a distance of 3-4 m, a pollinator is planted: the variety Lyubimitsa Yakovleva or Bergamot Moscow.
Work order
In the autumn, the soil in the beds is prepared 3-4 weeks before planting. When carrying out work in the spring, a hole is dug in the fall.
For planting, two-year-old Moskvichka pear seedlings are chosen. The roots of the plant should not have dry or rotten areas. A healthy seedling has an even trunk without defects.Before planting, you can immerse the pear roots in water for 12 hours, if they are slightly dried.
Planting sequence:
- First, a hole is dug to a depth of 1 cm and a diameter of 70 cm. They start planting in 3 weeks, when the soil settles.
- Compost and minerals are added to the top soil layer. The soil is thoroughly mixed.
- Half of the soil mixture is placed in a pit and tamped well.
- The remaining soil is poured to obtain a small hill.
- A wooden stake is taken into the hole so that it rises 1 m above the surface of the soil.
- The roots of the seedling are dipped into a clay solution with a concentration of liquid sour cream.
- The pear is placed on a hill and the roots are covered with earth.
- The soil is tamped and poured into the trunk circle 2-3 buckets of water.
- The seedling is tied to a support.
A planted pear needs weekly watering. To maintain a high level of moisture, the soil is mulched with humus or straw. In autumn, the young plant is covered with a non-woven cloth to protect it from frost.
Variety care
According to the description of the variety, photos and reviews, the Moskvichka pear gives a high yield with regular care. The tree is fed with minerals and organics. The winter hardiness of the variety is average, the pear does not freeze out in the middle lane.
In a drought, the pear is watered, the soil is loosened and mulched. To protect the tree from diseases and insects, preventive treatments are performed.
Watering
With regular precipitation, the Moskvichka pear needs moderate watering. The intensity of moisture application is increased in drought. The first watering is performed after the snow melts before the buds swell, the next one after flowering.
In summer, the pear is watered in early June and in the middle of the next month. In dry weather, additional moisture is introduced in early August. Until mid-September, winter watering is performed to help the tree survive the winter.
Moisture is introduced into the trunk circle of the Moskvichka pear. The soil is loosened to improve the absorption of moisture and nutrients. Mulching with peat or humus helps to maintain a high level of soil moisture.
Top dressing
Due to the application of fertilizers, the yield of the Moskvichka variety is increased. During the season, the variety is fed 3-4 times with organic matter or minerals.
In early spring, a pear is watered with a solution of ammonium nitrate (15 g per 10 l of water) or mullein in a ratio of 1:15. Top dressing contains nitrogen, which helps to build up green mass. In the future, nitrogen is not used for feeding the pear.
After flowering, the soil under the tree is dug up and humus or Nitroammofosk is added to the soil. In July, a solution is prepared containing 20 g of superphosphate and potassium salt per 10 liters of water.
In autumn, the pear is fed with wood ash, which is introduced into the trunk circle. Fertilizer consumption is 150 g per 1 m2... Additionally, a solution is prepared from 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulphide per 10 liters of water and watered with fruit trees.
Pruning
The Moskvichka pear is cut immediately after disembarkation. The skeletal branches are retained, the rest are removed. The main trunk is shortened by ¼ of the length. Places of cuts are treated with garden varnish.
The next year, the trunk is pruned by 25 cm. To form the crown, the skeletal shoots are pruned by 5 cm. Pruning of an adult tree is carried out in spring and autumn to rejuvenate and increase the yield.
In the spring, before the beginning of the growing season, the branches of the Moskvichka pear are cut out, thickening the crown. Several fruit branches are left on each skeletal shoot. If the shoot grows vertically, it is cut out.
Autumn pruning is carried out until the end of September. Dry and broken branches are removed. Annual shoots are shortened by 1/3 and several buds are left on them.
Protection from pests and diseases
According to the description, photo and reviews, the Moskvichka pear is resistant to scab, rot, septoria and other pear diseases.For the prevention of diseases, watering is normalized and tree branches are cut in a timely manner. In early spring, the tree is treated with Bordeaux liquid or colloidal sulfur. The procedure is repeated in the fall after leaf fall.
The main pests of the pear are mites, leaf rollers, suckers, aphids, moths. They are fought with by treating trees with insecticides Iskra, Cyanox, Karbofos, Kemifos. For preventive purposes, spraying is performed in the spring before flowering.
In autumn, the fallen leaves of the pear are harvested and burned, in which pests hibernate. The trunk circle is dug up. From folk remedies against insects, infusions of tobacco dust, dandelion and chamomile are effective.
Gardeners reviews
Conclusion
According to the description, the Moskvichka pear stands out for its high yield and tasty fruits. The variety is early-growing and begins to bear fruit early. After planting, the pear needs special care, including watering, mulching and crown formation. The Moskvichka variety is fed annually, treated for diseases and pests.
