Content
- 1 Description of pear variety Russian beauty
- 2 Fruit characteristics
- 3 Yield
- 4 Optimal growing conditions
- 5 Pear pollinators Russian beauty
- 6 Pros and cons of the Russian beauty variety
- 7 Planting and caring for a pear Russian beauty
- 8 Diseases and pests
- 9 Reviews of the pear variety Russian beauty
- 10 Conclusion
Of the varieties of pears of the breeder Semyon Fedorovich Chernenko, the Russian beauty in the gardens can be found most often. This is facilitated by the good taste of the fruits, their rather long shelf life for the autumn variety and good winter hardiness. To understand what other advantages it differs, you should carefully study the description of the variety, photos and reviews about pear Russian beauty.
Description of pear variety Russian beauty
The pear variety Russian Beauty was created by S.F. Chernenko at the V.I. IV Michurin and originally bore his name - Beauty Chernenko. The parents were the varieties Bere Ardanpon and Daughter Blankova. The variety has been present in the State Register of Breeding Achievements since 1996. It is recommended for cultivation in the Central regions, but it is also found further south - in Ukraine, Belarus, and the Caucasus. Description of the Russian beauty pear, shown in the photo, should start with the characteristics of the tree.
Its appearance is characteristic:
- branches stretch upward, reaching a five-meter height in an adult plant, the crown width is small even at the base, in general it has a pyramidal shape;
- this variety of pear does not differ in thickening;
- shoots have almost no bends, they are red-brown, covered with a large number of lentils;
- large leaves with a well-pronounced elongated central vein, dark green, with barely noticeable serrations along the edge;
- fruit buds are large, cone-shaped and chestnut-colored;
- flowers are large, bloom at the end of May, starting with ringlets and ending with twigs.
Despite the fact that the Russian beauty is zoned in the Central District, her winter hardiness is at an average level - in severe winters, freezing of shoots is possible.
Fruit characteristics
Without information about the fruits, it is impossible description of pear variety Russian beauty, reviews of gardeners say that they are both tasty and beautiful. Not every variety can boast of pears weighing 300 g, however, not all fruits reach this weight, they are not one-dimensional, on one tree the weight range from 160 to 300 g is possible.
The taste of pears is also excellent - they have a delicate, slightly oily flesh with a lot of juice, it has much more sweetness than acid. The skin is loose.
The appearance of pears is also beautiful. During the period of removable ripeness, the greenish-yellow color is only slightly diluted with a slight reddish-brown blush. During storage, its intensity increases.
The shape of the fruit is correct, elongated, tuberosity is clearly visible. Pears ripen in the last decade of August or a little later, the timing depends on the region of cultivation and the weather. They can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 45 days.
Yield
The Russian beauty is not hasty. The first pears can be tasted only for 7-8 years. She grows harvest gradually, an adult tree gives an average of 140 kg of fruit, and with good care, up to 200 kg. At this level, the yield persists for up to 30 years, then, as the tree ages, it begins to fall.The lifespan of a Russian beauty pear is up to 50 years, and if you take good care of it and carry out anti-aging pruning, then even longer.
Optimal growing conditions
In order for the pear of the Russian Beauty variety to fully reveal its full potential for yield, the following conditions must be created for it:
- full sun illumination throughout the day;
- landing in places where there is no strong wind on a flat surface or in the middle of the southern, southeastern or southwestern slope;
- good moisture supply - pear Beauty Chernenko does not tolerate drought, the skin of the fruit becomes coarse with a lack of water;
- a site where there is no stagnation of water in the spring, and the groundwater level is low (no higher than 2 m);
- fertile soil when planting - non-acidic loam is best;
- regular and timely feeding;
- correct crown formation and timely pruning;
- protection from diseases and pests.
Pear pollinators Russian beauty
This pear variety is self-fertile and will yield good yields even when planted alone. But in the presence of other varieties blooming at the same time, it will be higher. The most optimal pollinator variety is considered to be the Lyubimitsa Yakovleva pear.
Pros and cons of the Russian beauty variety
Like any tree that bears fruit, this variety has its pros and cons:
pros | Minuses |
High yield | Begins to bear fruit late |
Good taste, excellent presentation of pears | Requires careful care |
Long enough storage period | Average frost resistance |
Resistance to diseases caused by fungi | Not one-dimensionality of pears |
Another drawback is the strong growth of the tree, it is rather difficult to collect fruits from it.
Planting and caring for a pear Russian beauty
Without careful care, a high yield from a pear cannot be harvested by the Russian beauty - it is demanding on the observance of agricultural technology. The most important thing is to properly organize the planting, the successful development of the tree will largely depend on this.
Landing rules
Landing times depend on the region and weather conditions. For the tree to take root, a frost-free period of 3 weeks is required. It is planted only at rest - with already flown leaves in the fall and not yet swollen buds in the spring. For the southern regions, it is preferable to plant the Russian Beauty pear in the fall, and for the northern regions - in the spring.
As with all fruit trees, it is better to prepare the pear planting pit and fill it with prepared soil in the previous season, observing the following conditions:
- dimensions: width and depth 70-80 cm, walls are sheer, notches are made on them with a shovel;
- the upper fertile layer with a height of 20 cm is laid separately.
Further actions depend on the timing of planting the tree:
- in the fall, the deposited fertile soil is mixed with humus (2-3 buckets) and a pear is planted in it, and fertilizers - 200 g of double superphosphate and 60 g of potassium sulfate are applied to the topsoil, in the fall they will not be needed for the seedling, and by spring melt water will deliver them to the roots;
- in the spring, the planting mixture is prepared from all the components at once, so that the growing root system of the Russian Beauty pear can immediately use them.
Landing algorithm
- Choose a 1-2 year old pear seedling with a well-developed root lobe and an intact trunk.
- The central root is cut by 10 cm, and the root system is immersed in a solution of a rooting stimulator for 3-6 hours.
- At the bottom of the planting pit, a mound is formed from the prepared mixture.Advice! Experienced gardeners advise putting 10 raw chicken eggs on the bottom of the pit or pouring a handful of rye seeds under the roots.
- A peg is driven into the bottom of the pit from the south side.
- Set the Russian beauty pear sapling and spread the roots.
- Sprinkle them with planting mixture, slightly shaking the seedling so that the soil adheres more tightly to the roots.
- Particular attention is required to the location of the root collar (the place where the roots merge into the trunk) of the pear. It should be 2-3 cm above the edges of the pit. After the soil subsides, its location will be level with the ground.Advice! A landing board, which is laid from edge to edge of the pit, will help not to make a mistake.
- When half of the pear roots are covered, the earth is moistened with a bucket of water and 2 or 3 more are poured in after they are completely covered with earth.
- The near-trunk circle is carefully compacted by trampling so that a hole is formed with an inclination to the center. It is mulched with any organic matter, but best of all is humus or peat with a layer of 5 cm, departing from the trunk by 2-3 cm.
- The trunk of the pear is tied to a peg with a soft material.
- In a one-year-old seedling, the central shoot is cut by about a third, its height should be from 80 to 90 cm, in two-year-old seedlings, lateral shoots are also shortened.
Watering and feeding
After the spring planting, the Russian beauty is watered weekly with a bucket per plant.
In the absence of rain, adult trees need watering 6-7 times per season:
- when the buds are extended;
- immediately after the petals fall;
- from 3 to 4 - in the summer season;
- in the fall after falling leaves.
One watering will require up to 4 buckets of water. It is carried out in 2 stages - 2 buckets in the morning and the same in the evening.
Top dressing begins a year after planting. For an adult pear per 1 sq. m of the trunk circle is required:
- in the spring - ammonium nitrate 30 g per 15 liters of water;
- when the petals fall - in June, 15 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfate, the soil is loosened and watered;
- in the fall - 20 g of potassium sulfate and 30 g of superphosphate, at the same time, the trunk circle is mulched with humus, in the spring it is dug up, embedded in the soil.
If the tree is young, the fertilizer rate is halved
Pruning
Pruning for the Russian beauty is mandatory, it will not allow the crown to gain height, which makes harvesting easier.
- In the spring - sanitary, cut out dried and frozen branches, and forming pruning, in each tier leave the 4 strongest shoots growing horizontally to the ground, shorten the central conductor, cutting all branches into a ring.
- In summer - pinching, pinching unnecessary growing shoots to the hard part.
- In autumn - continuation of sanitary and formative pruning, if necessary.
It must be remembered that pruning in autumn should be gentle, so as not to weaken the Russian beauty pear tree before winter. Only young trees need active formation. In old ones, too long branches are shortened and those that grow inside the crown are cut out.
Whitewash
It is not carried out for aesthetic reasons, as many believe. This is a great way to protect pear bark not only from sunburn and subsequent frost damage, but also from pests and pathogens.
Whitewashing is carried out in 2 stages:
- in autumn, October or November - the main one;
- in February, towards the end - renewing.
At the same time, not only the stem is whitewashed, but also a third of the lower skeletal branches of the pear and their bifurcations. The bark is preliminarily cleaned with a soft, non-metallic or plastic brush, or better with gloved hands from lichens, removing the exfoliated parts. Then it is disinfected with a 3% solution of copper sulfate or an ash solution and the cracks are sealed with garden varnish or a special paste.
For whitewashing, special mixtures are produced with the addition of adhesives so that it does not wash off longer.
Preparing for winter
Of course, it is not possible to shelter an adult pear tree of the Russian Beauty variety for the winter due to its size, but something can be done to warm it.
- They rake debris and fallen leaves from the near-trunk circle, dig up.
- Mulch it with humus or peat with a layer of about 20 cm.
- Tie the stem after whitewashing with spruce branches, burlap.
Diseases and pests
The scab Russian beauty is extremely rarely affected, and other diseases of a fungal nature do not bother her too, provided that the planting site is chosen correctly and care is carried out properly.
- Powdery mildew on a pear can be identified by a gray bloom on fruits and leaves.
- With a lesion with brown spot, spots of the same color increasing in size are observed.
- Fruit rot manifests itself as brownish-brown spots with white blotches in the form of dots.
The measures to combat these fungal diseases of the pear are the same - spraying with copper-containing fungicides according to the instructions.
Pests also love to feast on the delicious fruits of the Russian beauty.
Fruit gall midge is a dangerous monophage that harms only the pear.
The larvae settle in the ovaries in the spring, due to which the pears grow ugly or dry out completely. They fight her with the help of Karbofos.
Caterpillars of another monophage, the pear moth, gnaw holes in the fruit, which leads to their decay, the presentation of pears is lost.
Of non-chemical methods, a variety of traps and foliar feeding with fertilizer solutions will help. The choice of insecticides is quite wide: they use Agravertin, Kinmiks, Iskra.
Reviews of the pear variety Russian beauty
Conclusion
Description of the variety, photos and reviews about the pear Russian beauty will help gardeners decide when choosing seedlings. This pear variety is for those who know how to wait and love large and beautiful fruits.
