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Experienced gardeners prefer to grow tomatoes with different ripening periods. This allows you to provide the family with delicious fresh vegetables for several months. Among the wide variety of early ripening varieties, the Early 83 tomato is popular, bred in the last century at the Moldavian Research Institute. Although the tomato has been grown for a long time, it still produces high yields reliably.
Detailed description of the variety
Tomato Early 83 is a low-growing variety intended for cultivation in greenhouses and in the open field. It has a strong root system that develops rapidly and is branched. The rod-type root extends to a great depth and spreads widely in diameter from the stem.
The plant has a short, thick, erect, branching stem about 60 cm high. Requires a garter when grown.
Leaves are dissected, pinnate, slightly pubescent. The color is dark green.
The tomato has light yellow nondescript-looking flowers, small, collected in a brush. 5 - 7 tomatoes ripen in it, the weight of each of which is about 100 g. Fruit ripening period is 95 - 100 days.
Early 83 is a determinant variety, that is, it has a growth restriction. Growth ends with a brush. Further, the ovaries are formed on the stepsons growing from the sinuses.
Description and taste of fruits
Tomato fruits Early 83 are round-flat in shape, smooth, slightly ribbed. At the stage of full maturity, they are bright red. Tomatoes have dense flesh, several chambers with a small amount of seeds. The fruit has an excellent aroma and sweet and sour taste. For the entire growing season, 4 - 5 brushes ripen, in which up to 8 fruits are tied. They are stored for a long time, easily tolerate long-term transportation. Tomatoes of the Early 83 variety are well suited for canning, making salads, mashed potatoes, juices, pickles.
The tomato has high taste and dietary qualities. The calorie content of 100 g of the product is only 19 kcal. Among the nutrients: 3.5 g carbohydrates, 0.1 g fat, 1.1 g protein, 1.3 g dietary fiber.
Due to its chemical composition, the use of tomato helps to lower cholesterol, increase immunity, and the formation of hemoglobin. These properties are manifested due to the presence of glucose, fructose, pectins, acids, vitamins and trace elements in the composition.
Tomato characteristics Early 83
The variety was bred in Soviet times as a result of selection carried out on the basis of the Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture in Moldova. Recommended for growing outdoors in the southern regions of Russia with a warm climate (Crimea, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasus). Under these conditions, the tomato yields up to 8 kg per square meter. In the middle lane, in the Urals and in other areas with a moderately warm climate, Early 83 is recommended for cultivation in greenhouses, since the variety is not cold-resistant. Its yield in greenhouses is high - 8 kg and more fruits per square meter.
The height of the plant cultivated in the open field is less than in a greenhouse - about 35 cm. But this does not affect the yield of the tomato. In the middle lane, the variety can be grown outdoors, provided that the plants are sheltered in cold weather. Tomato Early 83 has a high resistance to common diseases: tobacco mosaic, decay, phomosis.
Pros and cons of the variety
Among the virtues of Tomato Early 83:
- early amicable ripening with brushes;
- high yield when grown in open and closed ground;
- excellent taste;
- beautiful presentation of fruits;
- lack of tendency to cracking;
- unpretentious care;
- good keeping quality of tomatoes;
- the possibility of long-term transportation;
- high resistance to diseases and pests.
According to reviews, the Early 83 variety has no shortcomings. But they can manifest themselves in violation of cultivation techniques or extreme weather conditions.
Planting and care rules
Caring for tomatoes is easy, but for a large harvest, you need to make an effort. An early 83 may well grow and yield crops with periodic watering, pest control and weeds... For maximum yield, an integrated approach and knowledge of agricultural technology is required. The tomato does not like excessive moisture, does not tolerate drought, it is impossible to overfeed it with fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers. Care of the Early 83 variety includes a number of activities:
- timely watering;
- periodic feeding;
- loosening the soil;
- hilling plants;
- tying to a support;
- weeding;
- treatment against pests and diseases.
Sowing seeds for seedlings
To calculate the timing of sowing tomato seeds Early 83 for seedlings, one should be guided by the rule: sow in boxes or pots 50 days before the intended planting in the ground. To guarantee the purity of the variety, it is better to grow seedlings yourself. The first step will be soil preparation. Purchased in a store - ready to use, it contains all the necessary substances for the growth and development of a tomato.
Self-preparation of the soil must be carried out in the fall. Rotted leaf litter is best suited for growing seedlings. Before use, it is necessary to carry out disinfection by calcining, freezing, processing with boiling water or a solution of potassium permanganate.
The container for sowing tomato Early 83 can serve as boxes, peat pots, tablets and any containers. The pots are treated with hot water. The tablets are ready for inoculation and do not require disinfection.
Before sowing, the seeds must be prepared:
- sort by soaking in a weak saline solution;
- disinfect in potassium permanganate;
- soak in a growth stimulator;
- quench;
- subject to bubbling - oxygen enrichment.
The prepared seeds are spread on the finished, moistened, slightly compacted soil using tweezers in rows according to the 2x3 scheme. Then they are slightly pressed into the ground and sprinkled with soil (no more than 1 cm). Place containers with future tomatoes in a warm (24 ° C) place without drafts.
The soil should be sprayed periodically. After the seedlings reach a height of 5 - 7 cm and the appearance of the first "real" leaf, tomato seedlings Early 83 should be cut open:
- remove weak shoots;
- reject diseased plants;
- plant the best seedlings one at a time.
Transplanting seedlings
Young tomatoes are transplanted into open ground in 70 days, in a greenhouse - 50 days after sowing. Before that, it is worth hardening it, for which two weeks before planting it is necessary to take out the boxes with seedlings to fresh air. In the first days, the seedlings should be 30 minutes. on open air. Then, gradually increasing the time, bring it to full daylight hours.
Before transplanting, it is worth adding nitrogen, phosphorus and organic fertilizers to the soil. Comfortable soil temperature for tomato - + 10⁰С, air - + 25⁰С. Fungal diseases develop at low temperatures.
For planting in the soil, make holes corresponding to the size of the root system at a distance of 35 cm from each other, spill them with a solution of a root growth stimulator (2 - 3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) with a temperature of 35⁰С. The tomato is laid on its side, with the crown to the north. This method allows you to increase the volume of the root system due to additional roots. In two days, the seedlings will rise. The soil should reach down to the lower leaves. For 1 sq. m place up to 6 plants.
Tomato care
In the first days after planting in a greenhouse or open ground, young seedlings must be protected from direct sunlight by shading it with a nylon mesh or other available material. Early 83, like the bulk of other tomato varieties, requires abundant irrigation three times a week. It is worth watering the plants in the morning or evening with warm, settled water. On average, 700 ml is used for each plant for irrigation. Care must be taken to ensure that no water gets on the leaves and stem of the tomato. As soon as the plants reach a height of 35 - 40 cm, they need to be tied up. For this, a common wire is pulled or a separate support is installed for each plant. It is important to ensure that a crust does not form on the soil around the bush. For this purpose, weeds are removed, hilling and mulching. Sawdust, hay, humus, grass, dry leaves are used as mulch.
Since the early 83 tomato variety is determinant and early, it is possible to pinch to the first brush or do without this operation. But it is worth considering that in this case the fruits will be somewhat smaller.
The first feeding is carried out one and a half weeks after planting. For this purpose, chicken manure is used, diluted in a ratio of 1:20. It is worth feeding the plants with microelements twice a season.
Despite the resistance to diseases of the Early 83 variety, violation of agricultural technology can lead to infection with top rot, late blight, septoria and other diseases. For treatment and prevention, folk remedies and insecticides are used.
Conclusion
Despite the fact that gardeners have been using the Early 83 tomato for 35 years, its popularity has not fallen. The variety appreciates the compactness of the bush, the early maturity and taste of the fruit, unpretentiousness in cultivation and versatility of use.
