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Growing tomatoes in the climatic zone of Russia is, to some extent, a risk. After all, there is no stable weather in the warm season: the summer can be too cold or, conversely, abnormally hot, droughts often occur here, and rains with hail and strong winds can pass. Another obstacle to obtaining a stable tomato harvest is late spring and too early autumn: frosts at first do not allow the tomatoes to be planted on time, and then prevent the fruits from fully ripening.
What are ultra-early ripening varieties of tomatoes, and how they help Russian summer residents - we will consider in this article.
Distinctive features of early tomato varieties
As you know, tomato varieties are divided depending on the rate of fruit ripening. Tomatoes are considered early ripe, the whole growing cycle of which is no more than a hundred days. That is, from the day the seeds are planted in seedling containers to the first ripe tomato on the bushes, no more than three and a half months should pass.
As a rule, early maturing varieties are recommended to be grown in particularly cold regions. In such conditions, only these tomatoes will have time to fully ripen and give their fruits.
Another area where early varieties are a priority is the commercial cultivation of vegetables. After all, when tomatoes are planted for sale, the speed of fruit ripening is also very important.
The faster the greenhouse tomato ripens, the earlier (respectively - more expensive) the owner of the plot will be able to sell the crop.
Usually tomatoes for sale are grown in greenhouses, so the speed of their ripening increases even more.
Gardeners from the northern part of Russia cannot do without ultra-early ripening tomatoes. The ground here warms up only by the end of May - beginning of June, so often the vegetables do not have time to fully ripen before the onset of the autumn cold.
It is believed that early vegetables are not as tasty as mid to late ripened tomatoes.
However, with proper cultivation, sufficient sunlight, fertilization of the soil and frequent watering, even ultra-ripening hybrids have a good taste and rich aroma.
"Riddle"
Hybrid ultra Early maturing variety of tomatoes. These tomatoes are familiar to many gardeners as a fruitful and unpretentious variety. Plants reach 45 cm in height, have strong stems and shoots, so they do not need to be tied.
The fruits ripen 75 days after the first shoots appear. The shape of the tomato is round, the size is medium - the mass of tomatoes is about 150 grams. A characteristic feature of the variety is its excellent taste and strong aroma.
Riddle tomatoes are often grown commercially and are suitable for indoor use. Fruits perfectly tolerate transportation, can be stored without loss of taste and marketability.
If you do not carry out regular pinching of the bushes, the tomatoes will grow small. Therefore, it is important to remove lateral shoots in a timely manner.By the way, you can dig them in and get additional tomato bushes, full-fledged fruits will also ripen on them, only this will happen two weeks later than the main bush.
"Raspberry Giant"
The only large-fruited hybrid among early ripening tomatoes. The average weight of Raspberry Giant tomatoes is about 700 grams.
Tomatoes from one bush can have different shapes: from round to flattened on the sides or bottom. Fruit color is bright crimson. Tomatoes are delicious, fleshy and aromatic.
Up to six fruits are formed on each cluster. With proper care, the yield of a hybrid reaches 15 kg from each bush. The plant resists most of the "tomato" diseases.
"Anastasia"
A very early hybrid tomato belonging to the determinant subspecies. The plant needs to be pinched, it is most efficient to grow this variety in one or two stems.
In each cluster, 7-9 tomatoes are formed, clusters are located after every second leaf. This leads to a high yield of tomatoes - up to 12 kg of fruits can be removed from one plant.
Ripe tomatoes are colored red, have a slightly elongated shape with a characteristic "pimple" at the bottom. The pulp has a pleasant sweetish taste and strong aroma. The average weight of one tomato is 200 grams.
"Betta"
Tomatoes of this early ripening variety ripen 2.5 months after planting the seeds. Plants are small, their height is only 50 cm.
The size of the fruit is also small - the weight of each Betta tomato is only 50 grams. Tomatoes are sweet in taste, their flesh is dense. The fruits are great for pickling and preserving as a whole.
With proper care, up to two kilograms of tomatoes can be removed from one standard bush of this variety.
"Sanka"
An ultra-early ripening hybrid that ripens by 75-80 days after planting the seeds. Plants are determinant, reach a maximum height of 50 cm, have an average foliage. The bush itself is very compact, which allows you to plant seedlings close to each other.
Ripe tomatoes are colored red, have an even rounded shape and a smooth surface. Inside, the fruit is divided into four chambers with seeds. The taste of tomatoes is good, full-bodied.
These small tomatoes are great for canning, pickling, and pickling whole fruits.
"Valentina"
Determinant plant, growing up to a maximum of 70 cm. Sprawling, powerful bushes, strewn with fruits. The peculiarity of the culture is considered to be the extreme resistance to diseases, the ability to tolerate drought and irregular watering normally.
There is no need to pick up Valentina tomatoes. The fruits are not prone to cracking, are cream-shaped, colored red. The density of tomatoes is good, they can be cut into salads, processed for juice or canned as a whole. The average weight of each tomato is 120 grams.
"Amur shtamb"
Determinate hybrid tomato. The fruits ripen within 90 days, so they can be classified as ultra-early ripening varieties. The bushes reach a small height - only 50 cm.
Ripe tomatoes weigh about 80 grams. The shape of the fruit is round, they are colored bright red. Tomatoes taste good, they can be used for making salads and other dishes.
The value of the variety is in its simplicity. In any weather, even in a cool or too hot summer, the Amurskiy bole tomato will delight its owner with a consistently high yield.
"Golden Brush"
Refers to early maturing indeterminate tomatoes. The height of the bushes is about one and a half meters, the plant is quite sprawling, therefore it needs not only vertical tying, but also strapping.
Complicated care of tomatoes is not needed, they only need regular watering and a little fertilizer. With this approach, you can get a good harvest, because the bushes are literally covered with small golden fruits.
Tomatoes are pear-shaped and have a pleasant taste.Fruits weigh about 30 grams. These tomatoes are used to decorate various dishes, pickled whole and eaten fresh.
"Sweet bunch"
Tomatoes of this variety are considered one of the most unpretentious - they can be grown on almost any soil, in difficult climatic conditions, with irregular care and watering.
The variety belongs to indeterminate, the bushes grow up to 150 cm and very quickly begin to bear fruit. Tomatoes are small in size and have a pleasant taste.
"Mandarin duck"
The variety of these tomatoes is valued for its high yield, unpretentiousness and unusual type of fruit.
Tomatoes ripen in clusters, each of which contains about ten fruits. The color of tomatoes is unusual - bright yellow, tangerine. The fruits are large enough, so a tall plant must be tied up and side shoots removed, otherwise the stem will not stand and break.
The strength of the variety is considered to be its durability - tomatoes will give a good harvest even in bad weather conditions. Tomatoes are protected from most diseases.
"Miracle of the Earth"
Indeterminate early ripening tomato, which is one of the selection novelties of recent years. Plants reach two meters in height and need pinching and tying.
Tomatoes delight the owner with large fruit sizes - the weight of each can be about 0.5 kg. Despite such sizes of bushes and fruits, the variety tolerates climatic disasters well, it is not afraid of untimely watering and prolonged drought.
The undoubted advantage is also the good transportability of tomatoes, they do not crack during storage and transportation, and retain an excellent presentation.
"Appetizing"
Another of the new varieties of early maturing tomatoes, suitable for growing outdoors. The yield of the variety exceeds five kilograms from each bush.
Lovers of fresh vegetables will appreciate the large fruits of a beautiful cherry color, distinguished by their excellent taste and pleasant aroma.
The appetizing tomato can also be grown commercially and is suitable for both heated and unheated greenhouses.
"Balcony miracle"
An early ripe tomato specially bred for growing on windowsills or balconies. Bushes grow very compact and short. We can say that this is an ornamental plant that will decorate a room or loggia.
However, this variety is not only beautiful, it also bears fruit. Small tomatoes are round and colored red. With good feeding and daily watering, you can get a good harvest from each tomato bush.
"Danko"
An ultra-ripe tomato with a heart-shaped fruit. It is considered one of the best varieties both for growing in a greenhouse and for garden beds.
Agrarians love tomato "Danko" for the harmonious combination of such characteristics as unpretentiousness, productivity, taste of tomatoes. After all, this variety is considered one of the most delicious!
Tomatoes are large enough, colored deep red. There are not many seeds inside them, the flesh is fleshy, juicy. The weight of each tomato ranges from 300 to 500 grams.
These fruits are great for fresh consumption, they can also be processed, for example, tomato juice from "Danko" turns out to be very tasty. With sufficient care and regular watering, about seven kilograms of large tomatoes can be removed from each bush.
"Currency"
An excellent variety for those who grow vegetables for sale. The fruits are very beautiful, have a regular, even shape and a glossy surface. The skin color is bright red. The pulp is tasty, has a sweetish taste, pronounced aroma.
Each tomato weighs approximately 200-300 grams. It turns out to remove about 4.5 kg of tomatoes from one bush.
The variety is stable - yields will be the same every year, they do not depend much on external factors and weather.Tomatoes tolerate transportation well, as they have a dense skin. For the same reason, tomatoes are great for canning as a whole.
"Apples in the Snow"
An early ripening variety that allows you to get the first tomatoes 85-100 days after planting seeds for seedlings. Bushes are compact, about 50 cm high.
The tomatoes themselves are medium in size, weighing about 100 grams. When mature, tomatoes are colored bright red. They have a round shape and a smooth surface.
The variety is suitable for planting both in greenhouses and open beds. The fruits are canned, added to salads and other dishes.
Rules for the care of early ripening tomato varieties
So that ultra-early tomatoes are not "plastic" fruits, without a characteristic aroma and taste, they need a sufficient amount of fertilizers. In addition, it will increase the productivity of plants, contribute to the normal growth and rapid ripening of tomatoes.
The soil is fertilized in several stages:
- Since autumn, the soil on the site must be dug up about 30 cm, only the ground is not turned over so that the nutrient layer does not end up on top.
- Fertilizers are applied to the dug soil: superphosphate or nitrogen, previously dissolved in water.
- In the last days of March or at the beginning of April, the soil must be dug again. Then add potassium fertilizer.
- When the land on the site warms up to 10 degrees, you can plant tomato seedlings... Usually this does not happen earlier than mid-May, by this time the seedlings should be at least 30-45 days old.
- Ten days after transplanting, the seedlings should be fed with a nitrophoska solution.
- Once again, the same procedure is performed when flowers appear on the bushes. This will contribute to the formation of full-fledged ovaries in place of the inflorescences.
- When the tomatoes begin to bear fruit, they need to be fertilized one last time. Potash fertilizers or magnesium sulfate are most suitable for this.
An important part of caring for tomatoes is protecting them from disease.
Tomatoes are a very painful plant, it is extremely important for them to maintain a constant temperature and humidity level. All this cannot be achieved in open ground conditions.
The most dangerous "enemy" of tomatoes is late blight. This fungal disease progresses when night temperatures drop, resulting in daily fluctuations and excessive moisture in tomato stems and leaves.
An indisputable advantage of growing ultra-early ripening tomatoes is the fact that the fruits have time to ripen before the onset of the cold at night. That is, these varieties may not be afraid of late blight, since they will not find the height of this disease (from mid-August).
Watering early ripe tomatoes should be the same as usual - as the soil dries out. Tomatoes do not like drought, the land between the bushes must always be moist.
The soil must be loosened between the rows, carefully avoiding the stems and roots of plants.
Growing ultra-early ripening tomatoes is available to every gardener in the country. These varieties are suitable for greenhouse and outdoor use. Early ripening periods provide consistently high yields with fairly simple maintenance.
The resulting fruits are suitable for any purpose: fresh consumption, preparation of salads and any dishes, processing and canning.
