Content
To get a good harvest, tomatoes need quality care. One of its stages is foliar feeding of tomatoes. Processing is carried out at all stages of plant development. For this, minerals and natural remedies are used.
Feeding rules
Top dressing means no less to tomatoes than watering. For its implementation, special solutions are used that are sprayed onto the leaves and stems of plants.
To get the maximum effect from feeding, you need to follow a number of rules:
- the procedure is performed in the morning or in the evening, preferably in cloudy weather, when there is no direct sunlight;
- the spray solution is prepared according to the specified standards in order to avoid leaf burn;
- when processing plants in open ground, there must be no wind and rain;
- after spraying, the greenhouse is ventilated;
- chemical fertilizers are applied in compliance with safety rules.
Benefits of foliar feeding
Foliar treatment is more effective than root feeding... If watering is carried out, then trace elements take time to get to the leaves and inflorescences. After spraying, beneficial substances fall on the leaves and stems, so they immediately begin to act.
Foliar top dressing of a tomato has a number of advantages:
- the terrestrial part of the plants develops;
- the resistance of tomatoes to diseases and adverse factors increases;
- the appearance of ovaries is stimulated, which increases productivity;
- low consumption of components in comparison with irrigation;
- the ability to use complex fertilizers (organic and mineral substances, folk remedies).
Time spending
Tomatoes need spraying throughout their development period. If the plant is in a depressed state and develops slowly, then additional processing is allowed.
Foliar feeding of tomatoes is performed in the following stages:
- before planting plants for the purpose of processing acidic soil;
- during the growing season;
- before the flowering of the tomato;
- during the period of education ovaries;
- at fruiting.
Plants require different substances at each stage of development. Saplings need nitrogen contained in urea to form shoots. Boric acid contributes to the appearance of ovaries. Potash fertilizers are responsible for the taste and appearance of the fruit.
The best feeding methods
Foliar dressing is carried out using minerals. On their basis, an aqueous solution for spraying is prepared. Mineral dressing is one of the best processing methods, as it saturates tomatoes with essential trace elements.
Urea solution
Urea consists of 46% nitrogen, which is involved in plant photosynthesis. With a lack of this element, their growth slows down, the leaves turn yellow, and the ovary slowly forms. Tomato processing urea promotes the formation of foliage, strengthening the roots, and also increases the period of fruiting.
Urea is supplied in the form of granules, readily soluble in warm water. The solution is quickly absorbed by plants and does not cause burns when proportioned. The amount of nitrogen in tomatoes rises after just two days.
Foliar feeding with urea is carried out before the formation of ovaries. Otherwise, the plant will send the obtained substances not to fruiting, but to the formation of new shoots. During the growth of seedlings, a 0.4% urea solution is sufficient.
Boric acid
Due to boric acid, the flowering process of tomatoes is activated and the shedding of the ovary is prevented. At high humidity, boric acid protects the fruit from rotting. As a result, the yield of tomatoes is increased.
Tomato processing is carried out in several stages:
- before flowering, when the buds have not yet opened;
- with active flowering;
- when the fruit starts to turn red.
Second feeding of tomatoes boric acid, is carried out 10 days after the first spraying. Additional processing is allowed boronif the tomatoes have small pale leaves or do not bloom well.
To avoid shedding of inflorescences, 1 g of the substance is taken, which dissolves in 1 liter of hot water. After cooling, the agent can be used for spraying.
To protect tomatoes from late blight, take one teaspoon of boric acid in a bucket of warm water. 1 liter of solution is consumed per 10 sq. m of landing area.
Potassium monophosphate
Monophosphate potassium is produced in the form of colorless crystals, readily soluble in water. The substance contains the optimal amount of potassium and phosphorus required for effective fruiting.
Potassium monophosphate has the following benefits:
- quickly absorbed by tomatoes and stimulates metabolic processes;
- compatible with other minerals;
- it is impossible to overfeed plants with them;
- does not have similar effects;
- used for the prevention of fungal infections of tomatoes.
Spraying with potassium monophosphate is carried out twice:
- before the start of bud formation;
- at fruiting.
There should be at least 2 weeks between treatments. It is allowed to carry out additional treatment with potassium monophosphate after heavy rains, when mineral components are washed out of the soil.
Calcium nitrate
Calcium nitrate contains nitrogen and calcium. At the expense of calcium assimilation of nitrogen by tomatoes, which is necessary for the formation of green mass, improves.
With a lack of calcium, the root system suffers, and the resistance of tomatoes to temperature changes and diseases decreases.
Calcium nitrate received application for tomatoes as a spraying. This includes preparing a solution consisting of 1 liter of water and 2 g of this substance. The first leaf treatment is carried out a week after the plants are moved into the ground. Then the procedure is repeated every 10 days until the beginning of budding.
After spraying, the seedlings become resistant to top rot. Fertilizer repels slugs, ticks and other pests. Tomatoes retain their resistance to diseases even in adulthood.
Use of superphosphate
Superphosphate contains phosphorus, which accelerates fruiting, improves the taste of tomatoes, and slows down the aging process of plants.
The lack of this element is characterized by the presence of dark green leaves in tomatoes and rusty spots on them. Such symptoms are observed after cold snaps, when the absorption of phosphorus deteriorates. If, when the temperature rises, the condition of the tomatoes has not improved, then the tomatoes are fed with superphosphate.
Dissolution superphosphate occurs only in hot water. The resulting solution in an amount of 150 ml must be diluted with 10 liters of water and used for spraying. To make the phosphorus better absorbed, 20 ml of a nitrogen-containing substance is added to the solution.
Phosphorus required by tomatoes for fruit formation. therefore in the greenhouse foliar feeding of tomatoes is carried out when inflorescences appear.
Top dressing with epin
Epin is a phytohormone obtained by chemical means. The substance has a firming effect on tomatoes and improves their ability to withstand stressful situations (heat, frost, disease).
Epin has a mild effect, since it is aimed at activating the powers of tomatoes. Its use increases productivity even on lands with low fertility.
The first treatment with epin is performed a day after planting the plants in a permanent place. The product helps the seedlings to take root and protects them from diseases. The following treatments are carried out during the formation of buds and flowering of the first brush.
Natural dressings
Folk remedies help to saturate tomatoes with nutrients. Their advantage is complete safety and ease of use. The most effective feeding of tomatoes is based on ash, whey, garlic and herbal infusions. Traditional methods allow you to feed tomatoes without chemicals and complex fertilizers.
Ash based mortar
Woody ash serves as a source of calcium, magnesium, potassium and other elements for tomatoes. For fertilization, products of burning plastic, household and construction waste, colored paper are not used.
10 liters of water requires 100 g of ash. The solution is infused for a day, after which it is filtered and used for spraying.
Foliar feeding of tomatoes with ash repels aphids and other pests. After processing, the resistance of plants to powdery mildew and other lesions increases.
Spraying with ash is carried out at the stage of flowering plants. It is allowed to combine ash and boric acid in one solution.
Milk serum
Serum from sour milk contains beneficial bacteria that can protect tomatoes from fungal diseases. After spraying, a film forms on the foliage, which acts as an obstacle to bacteria.
The instructions on how to make a spray solution are very simple. For this, the serum is diluted with water in a 1: 1 ratio.
For prevention, tomatoes are processed every 10 days. If there are signs of late blight or other diseases, then it is allowed to perform the procedure daily.
For foliar feeding, a solution of water (4 l), raw milk (1 l) and iodine (15 drops). Such a complex fertilizer will provide plants with protection from harmful microorganisms.
Garlic sprays
Garlic sprays are used to protect tomatoes from late blight. They are prepared on the basis of 100 g of garlic (leaves or bulbs), which are crushed and poured into a glass of water. The mixture is left for a day, after which it is filtered.
Garlic sprays are performed every 10 days. Instead of garlic, you can use other herbs (nettle, thistle, dandelion, alfalfa). Such feeding is effective at the stage of flowering tomatoes, since it saturates them with nitrogen, potassium, calcium.
Conclusion
Foliar treatment has a number of advantages, which include the high efficiency of this method. For processing, chemicals, minerals and folk remedies are used. The purpose of the procedure is to saturate tomatoes with nutrients, to protect against diseases and pests.
