Content
Pear Thumbelina was obtained by hybridization at VSTISP in Moscow. By the method of pollination of hybrid No. 9 and several southern varieties, we taught a fruit crop of autumn ripening. The originators of the variety N. Efimov and Yu. Petrov in 1995 transferred the pear for experimental cultivation. A fruit tree was zoned in the Central part of the Russian Federation, in 2002 the culture was entered into the State Register. The description of the variety, photos, reviews about the pear Thumbelina of gardeners cultivating this plant will help to find out more.
Description of pear variety Thumbelina
The culture belongs to the middle late ripening period. Pears reach biological ripeness by mid-September, the dates are focused on the central part of Russia and the Moscow region. The variety is adapted for a temperate climate. It is characterized by high frost resistance. Transferring the temperature to -38 without freezing of the root system and shoots0 C. The pear gives a stable harvest regardless of the weather conditions. The palatability of the fruit is not affected by an insufficient amount of ultraviolet radiation. The early maturity of the pear Thumbelina is average, the first harvest gives after 6 years of growing season. The fruit tree blooms late, it is not afraid of returnable spring frosts. This factor is the key to a high yield.
External description of pear Thumbelina:
- It reaches a height of up to 1.7 m, the crown is dense, spreading. Branches of medium volume, upright, slightly drooping. The color of perennial trunks is brown, young shoots are maroon, after 1 year of vegetation they acquire a common color with the central branches.
- Leaves with a smooth, glossy surface, medium size, oval in shape, narrowed, with numerous small teeth along the edge.
- The flowers are white, collected in inflorescences. On the branches, ringlets are formed, the place of formation of inflorescences, then fruits. The variety blooms profusely, the percentage of shedding of flowers is low, ovaries are formed in 95%. The variety is self-fertile, the flowers are bisexual.
Fruit characteristics
Pear Thumbelina with small fruits, category of dessert varieties. The composition is dominated by glucose, the concentration of titratable acids is insignificant. Photosynthesis does not require a lot of ultraviolet light, so the taste of the fruit will not change in a rainy, cold summer. The pear ripens in early autumn, it is recommended to harvest in a timely manner. Ripe fruits are prone to shedding. The structure of the pear is dense, the fruits are stored for a long time, suitable for conservation.
Photo of pear fruits Thumbelina corresponds to their description:
- the shape is round, symmetrical, regular;
- the peduncle is thin, long, easily detached from the annulus;
- fruits weighing 80 g, ripen at the same time;
- the peel during technical ripeness is green with a yellow tint, the blush is poorly expressed, light red, at the time of ripening the peel is yellow, the spot becomes crimson, increases in size;
- smooth surface with numerous brown spots;
- the pulp is yellow, dense, juicy, aromatic, without granulation.
After harvesting, the fruits retain their taste and presentation for about 14 days.
Pros and cons of the variety
Pear Thumbelina is grown because of its excellent taste characteristics. In addition to the taste of the fruit, the variety has a number of positive characteristics:
- stable yield, regardless of weather conditions;
- aesthetic appearance;
- small fruit tree, takes up little space on the site;
- photosynthesis is not impaired with a deficiency of ultraviolet radiation;
- frost resistance;
- long shelf life of fruits;
- resistance to infections and garden pests.
The disadvantages include:
- after ripening, the fruits crumble;
- exactingness to watering at the time of the formation of the ovary.
Optimal growing conditions
The fruit culture is zoned in the climatic conditions of the Central regions. The variety is fully adapted to the temperate climate. Due to its frost resistance, the pear is grown in the Moscow region, the Volgo-Vyatka region, and is found in the Urals.
Pear Thumbelina is quite unpretentious in agricultural technology, it gives a stable yield even with insufficient sunlight. Can grow in the shade of tall trees. It will bloom at a relatively low temperature, a self-fertile culture gives many ovaries, in order to keep them, abundant watering is required in late spring and early June. Pear Thumbelina does not tolerate the influence of the north wind, in order to protect the fruit tree from drafts, it is planted behind the wall of the building from the south or west side.
Soil for pear Thumbelina is preferable to be neutral or slightly alkaline, loam is suitable, the best option is sandy loam. The culture requires watering, but constantly waterlogged soil can provoke rotting of the root system and the death of the tree. Therefore, the pear should not be placed in lowlands where rainwater accumulates, in wetlands with close groundwater.
Planting and caring for a pear Thumbelina
You can plant a pear Thumbelina in spring and autumn. Taking into account that the halo of distribution of culture is regions with cold winters, they are more often engaged in planting in the spring. During the warm season, the young tree will get sick and take root well. If a pear is planted in the fall, they are guided by the regional characteristics of the climate, at least 3 weeks should remain before the onset of the first frost. In the suburbs - around the beginning of October.
Planting material is purchased from reputable nurseries, 2-year-olds. The seedling should be with the first circle of skeletal branches, intact bark on a dark brown trunk. Also with a well-formed root system without mechanical damage, visually identifiable by the grafting site.
Landing rules
A week before the planned planting of the seedling, a planting recess of 80 * 60 cm is prepared. The upper fertile soil is mixed with sand and organic matter in equal parts, then potassium-phosphorus fertilizer is added in the amount specified in the instructions. Pear root is dipped for 4 hours in a solution of water with "Epin" to stimulate growth.
Sequencing:
- They retreat 15 cm from the center of the pit, drive in a stake.
- The fertile mixture is divided into 2 parts, one is poured onto the bottom of the planting hole, a hill is formed in the form of a cone in the center.
- If the seedling is in a container, the mixture is laid in an even layer, the pear is placed in the center with an earthen lump by the transshipment method.
- The roots of the planting material without a container are distributed evenly over the pit.
- Fall asleep with the second part of the soil mixture, top with soil.
- The root circle is compacted, watered.
- Fix the barrel to the post.
Watering and feeding
Pear Thumbelina begins to bear fruit for 6 years after placing in the ground. During planting, fertilizers are applied, they are enough for 3 years. If the soils are acidic, in the fall, before planting, they are neutralized with dolomite flour. It is recommended to repeat the procedure for 4 years of growth.If this measure is not necessary, it is enough to add compost diluted in water under the root in spring.
The main feeding of the pear is required for 6 years. During flowering, saltpeter is scattered around the tree, fed with urea. When the ovaries are formed, "Kaphor" is introduced, during the ripening period of the fruits, fertilizing is carried out with magnesium sulfate. In autumn, organic matter is introduced, mulched with peat. Pear Thumbelina does not belong to drought-resistant varieties, watering is carried out as needed, the main one - during the period of ovary appearance. If the summer is rainy, no watering is needed. Waterlogging of the soil must not be allowed.
Pruning
Pear Thumbelina does not form a crown with skeletal branches, therefore, cardinal pruning is not required for the fruit tree. Enough sanitary cleaning in the spring before the start of sap flow. Remove dry fragments. Young shoots are thinned so that the fruits receive more nutrients during ripening. The tree is compact, the branches are upright, they can be shortened by a few cm if desired.
Whitewash
Pear Thumbelina is whitewashed 2 times a year in spring and autumn. In addition to the aesthetic direction, the event is of a preventive nature. The larvae of garden pests and fungus spores overwintering in the bark die after treatment. The tree is whitened about 60 cm from the ground, acrylic paint, lime or water-based emulsion is used. A coating applied to the pear in the spring will protect the bark from sunburn.
Preparing for winter
Before the onset of frost, the pear Thumbelina is watered abundantly, the soil of the root circle is preliminarily loosened. Mulch with dry sawdust or pine needles. It is recommended to cover a young tree up to 3 years of age with spruce branches. Arches are placed, covered with a special material that does not allow moisture to pass through. In winter, they cover it with snow.
Pear pollinators Thumbelina
The pear variety Thumbelina is self-fertile, pollination takes place within 1 tree due to heterosexual flowers. To improve the yield of the pear, cross-pollination is recommended. Cultivars with the same flowering time are selected. As pollinators, Krasnoyarskaya large, Veselinka and Sibiryachka are suitable. Trees are located on the site within 10 m from the pear Thumbelina. If varieties suitable for pollination are located in an adjacent area, this will be sufficient.
Yield
The culture blooms in the second half of May, when there is no threat of spring frosts, so the flowers do not fall, which is the key to yield. The ovaries are prone to shedding, they can be preserved by timely watering. The variety is undersized, for its size it gives a good harvest - from 1 unit. collect 15-25 kg of fruit. To improve the rate of fruiting, a stalk is grafted onto the stock of a high-growing representative of the fruit crop.
Diseases and pests
The most common disease affecting fruit trees is scab. Pear Thumbelina has a stable immunity against fungal infection. Pears are threatened by:
- Powdery mildew - the fungus spreads along the crown and branches in the form of a gray bloom. Against infection, use "Fundazol" or "Sulfite".
- Black cancer - affects the bark of a tree, the initial manifestation is in the form of corrosion, deep wounds appear without treatment. The tree is treated with copper sulfate. In autumn, the affected areas are covered with soda pitch, the leaves and dry branches are burned.
- Moniliosis - causes rotting of fruits, if they remain on the tree, then the infection spreads to all pears. When a disease is detected, the affected fruits are removed, the tree is treated with Bordeaux liquid.
Of the garden pests, the gall mite parasitizes the pear Thumbelina. In early spring, for preventive purposes, the fruit crop "Inta Virom" is sprayed. Before the formation of fruits, they are treated with colloidal sulfur.
Reviews about pear Thumbelina
Conclusion
The biological description of the variety, photos, reviews about the pear Thumbelina fully correspond to the characteristics declared by the originators. The variety is zoned in the climatic conditions of Central Russia, adapted to low temperatures. The culture does not require special agricultural technology, it has good immunity to fungal infections. Produces fruits with a high gastronomic value.
