Content
When choosing a pear, they are guided by the taste and quality of the fruit, resistance to cold and disease. Domestic hybrids are adapted to Russian conditions and do not lose their relevance. Description, photo and reviews about pear Dessertnaya Rossoshanskaya will help gardeners grow a fruitful tree on their site.
Description of the pear variety Rossoshanskaya
The Rossoshanskaya pear is the result of the work of domestic breeders. The varieties were bred at the Rossoshansk experimental station. The institution is located in the south of the Voronezh region and is engaged in the creation of new varieties.
The first pear varieties Rossoshanskaya was bred in 1952 and received the name Dessertnaya. Later, other varieties appeared - Beautiful, Early and Late. On the basis of Rossoshan varieties, hybrids of Tikhy Don, Severyanka, Nerussa were obtained.
According to the description of the variety and the photo, the Rossoshanskaya pear is a medium or vigorous tree. The crown is pyramidal or rounded. The pear reaches a height of 3 - 4 m. The leaves of the plant are ovoid, pointed, 5 - 10 cm long. In autumn they acquire a yellow-orange hue. The flowering of the variety occurs in May. Flowers are collected in brushes of 4 - 9 pcs.
Depending on the variety, the fruits are elongated or rounded. Universal application: fresh consumption, drying, obtaining jams, compotes, juices.
Varieties
There are 4 varieties of Rossoshanskaya pear, which differ in the ripening period and the appearance of the fruit.
Pear Dessert Rossoshanskaya
The hybrid was included in the State Register in 1965. It is recommended to grow pears in the Central and Central Black Earth Region.
The culture looks like a medium-sized tree. The variety has a rounded crown, medium thickening. The bark is gray, the shoots are brown. The leaves are green, large, with pointed tips. The sheet plate is smooth, curved. The flowers are white, large.
The fruits are flattened and weigh about 190 g. The skin is smooth, non-rigid, light yellow with a raspberry blush. The flesh is a little dense, beige, gives off a lot of juice. It tastes sweet and sour, there is a faint aroma. Tasting properties are rated at 4.5 points. The fruits are well transported, the shelf life is from 100 to 146 days. Application is universal.
The variety Dessertnaya Rossoshanskaya has high winter hardiness. With a decrease in temperature to -38 ° C, freezing was 1.4-1.8 points. These are minor injuries, in which part of the generative buds and annual shoots die.
The tree tolerates drought well. During the growing season, it is damaged by septoria and honeydew. Scab resistance is high.
Pear Rossoshanskaya Beautiful
The variety Rossoshanskaya Beautiful is obtained by crossing the variety Tonkovotka Mliyevskaya and Clapp's Favorite... In 1986 it was entered in the State Register. The variety is widespread in the southern regions of the Black Earth Region, in the North Caucasus and in the Volga region.
The trees are vigorous, have a pyramidal crown. The crown is sparse, the bark is dark gray, in skeletal branches it is brownish. Shoots are long and straight. The leaves are green, shiny, medium in size. The buds are pink-white.
Pear fruits Rossoshanskaya Beauty medium-sized, have a mass of 120 g. The shape is pear-shaped, elongated. The skin is smooth, not rigid, white-yellow, covered with green dots. The color is blurred, red. Inside the pear is yellowish, juicy, sweet with a sour taste. The variety was awarded a tasting score of 4 points. The fruits hang on the branches for a long time before ripening. The pear is well stored and transported.
The winter hardiness of the variety is high. At a temperature of -34 ° C, the degree of frosting of the shoots is up to 1.3 points. Drought resistance is average. With a lack of moisture, the fruits become smaller. Inflorescences do not tolerate spring frosts.
Scab resistance is average. In the Voronezh region, the tree rarely gets sick. More often, signs of the disease appear when landing in the Oryol region.
Pear Rossoshanskaya Late
It is considered one of the best winter varieties. The fruits are enlarged, weighing 250 - 350 g. The shape is round, the color is yellow-green. When ripe, the skin turns yellow. Under the influence of the sun, a red blush appears.
According to the description, the Rossoshanskaya Late pear has a good taste and presentation. The pulp is beige, tender, with a pronounced aroma. The crop is harvested in mid to late September. The storage period is until February. If you remove the fruits later, then the pulp gains more sugar. This reduces the storage time of the pear.
The tree is medium-sized, has a rounded crown. Winter hardiness is high, at a temperature of -32 ° C, frosting is estimated at 1.5 points.
Pear Rossoshanskaya Early
The variety is obtained by cross-pollination of seedlings pears marble and Rossoshanskaya Beautiful. Variety testing has been underway since 1995. Medium to high vigor tree. The crown is not thickened. The bark on the trunk is dark gray.
Shoots are brown, branching weakly. Leaves are ovoid, green, shiny, curved along the vein. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences with white flowers.
Fruits are elongated and medium in size. The skin is smooth, golden yellow in color. Most of the pear has a red-orange blush. The surface is covered with small subcutaneous punctures. The taste is sweet and sour, estimated at 4.7 points. The pulp is yellowish, tender, buttery.
The Rossoshanskaya summer pear tolerates a decrease in temperature in winter to -30 ° С. Sharp cold snaps in autumn are more dangerous for the tree. The variety also does not tolerate spring frosts.
Pros and cons of the variety
The advantages of growing the Rossoshanskaya pear variety:
- high early maturity;
- presentation of fruits;
- good taste;
- high stable yield;
- universal use;
- increased immunity to disease.
The main disadvantage of the Rossoshanskaya variety is the need to plant pollinators. Its varieties are suitable for growing in warm climates. To increase frost resistance, they are grafted onto a resistant stock.
Optimal growing conditions
For successful cultivation of pears, a number of conditions are provided:
- bright natural light;
- no trees or buildings casting a shadow over the pear;
- elevated or level area;
- deep bedding of groundwater;
- black earth or loamy soil;
- watering before and after flowering;
- the flow of fertilizers.
Planting and caring for the Rossoshanskaya pear
In order to get a high yield on a regular basis, it is important to properly plant and care for the pear. During the season, the crop requires watering and feeding, and in the fall - preparation for winter.
Landing rules
The pear is planted in late autumn, when leaf fall is over. 2 - 3 weeks before the cold weather, the tree has time to take root. Seedlings are purchased from nurseries or other trusted suppliers. The plant is visually assessed for cracks, mold and other defects. If the cold snap came earlier, then the seedlings are buried in the ground and covered with sawdust until spring.
A planting pit is prepared under a pear. It is left for 3 weeks for the soil to shrink. If this is not done, then the seedling will be damaged. For spring planting, the pit is prepared in the fall.
The order of planting pear Rossoshanskaya:
- First, they dig a hole 60 cm in size and 50 cm deep.
- In fertile soil, they are mixed with 30 kg of compost, 400 g of superphosphate and 180 g of potassium salt.
- Half of the substrate is poured into the pit and tamped.
- A small hill is formed from the remaining soil, a seedling is placed on it.
- The roots of the plant are covered with earth.
- The soil is well compacted and watered.
After planting, the pear is watered every week. The soil is mulched with humus. In the next 2 - 3 years, the culture does not require feeding.
Watering and feeding
It is enough to water the Rossoshanskaya pear before and after flowering. The tree needs moisture to form ovaries. 3-4 buckets of warm water are poured into the trunk circle. Additional watering is possible in dry weather. Moisture should not stagnate in the soil. After watering, the soil is loosened and mulched with peat. In the fall, the last sub-winter watering is performed.
During the season, the culture is fed 3-4 times. In early spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied: a solution of urea or mullein. Top dressing stimulates the growth of green mass. After flowering, the tree is fed with a solution of Nitroammofoski.
For 10 liters of water add 40 g of superphosphate and potassium salt. The solution is poured under the root or embedded in the soil before watering. Top dressing is repeated in mid-September so that the tree gains strength after fruiting. Instead of minerals, bone meal or wood ash is used.
Pruning
The pear is pruned in early spring, before the sap flow begins. For a tree, a pyramidal crown is formed. The first treatment is carried out immediately after disembarkation. The center conductor is shortened by ¼. Skeletal shoots are determined, the remaining shoots are cut off. Broken, frozen and diseased branches are removed annually. It is allowed to carry out pruning in the fall, when leaf fall ends.
Whitewash
Whitewashing is carried out in November or early March. The procedure protects the tree bark from temperature changes and spring burns. In the process of whitewashing, the larvae of pests wintering on trees are destroyed.
It is allowed to use a ready-made composition or make it yourself from water, lime and clay. In a pear, the lower part of the trunk is processed from skeletal shoots to the ground. Whitewashing is necessary for adults and young trees. For seedlings, a less concentrated mixture is obtained.
Preparing for winter
Preparation of pears for winter begins in late autumn. The tree is watered so that the moist soil protects it from the cold. Then the trunk is covered with earth and a layer of humus mulch is poured.
Young plantings need additional protection from the cold. A wooden frame is erected over the pear and agrofibre is attached. From above the planting is covered with spruce branches. Polyethylene is not suitable for shelter, which does not allow moisture and air to pass through.
Pollination
The pear requires pollinators to form ovaries. For planting, choose varieties that bloom at the same time. On the process of pollination in other factors: warm weather, lack of rain, cold and heat. The pear is planted on a plot with an interval of 3 - 4 m. If it is not possible to place several trees, then a resistant stock is chosen. Different varieties are grafted into the crown.
The best pollinators for the Rossoshanskaya pear:
- Marble... The variety is widespread in the Central and Central Black Earth Region. Medium-sized tree with a wide pyramidal crown. Fruits weighing 160 g, regular conical shape. The skin is dense, green-yellow with a reddish marble blush. The variety is valued for its winter hardiness and fruit quality. The main disadvantage is sensitivity to lack of moisture.
- Tatyana... Autumn variety, is a tall tree with a rare crown. Fruits weighing up to 230 g. The pulp is creamy and sweet. The color is yellow-golden with a blurred blush. The variety has dessert qualities and winter hardiness. Weakly affected by scab and powdery mildew.
- Autumn Yakovleva... Autumn fruiting variety, found in the middle lane. The tree grows rapidly and forms a rounded drooping crown. Fruits are medium in size, greenish-yellow in color with a blurred blush. The pulp is homogeneous, tender, buttery. Needs scab treatment.
Ripening period pear Rossoshanskaya
The ripening period of the fruit depends on the variety. In the second half of August, the early Rossoshanskaya pears are harvested. The variety belongs to summer, fruits are stored for 30 days. The ripening period of the beautiful Rossoshanskaya pear in the Black Earth Region is mid-August. The fruits are suitable for consumption within a month.
The Dessertnaya variety yields in early September. Fruits are stored for no more than 80 days. Pear Rossoshanskaya Late bears fruit in mid-late September. In cool conditions, the fruits are kept until January.
Yield
The Rossoshanskaya pear bears fruit stably. The first fruits are harvested 5-7 years after planting. The peak of fruiting occurs at the age of 11-15 years.
The yield is largely determined by the variety:
- Beautiful - up to 80 kg per tree;
- Dessert - 70 kg;
- Early - from 70 to 80 kg;
- Late - 30 kg.
Diseases and pests
The most dangerous disease for the Rossoshanskaya pear is scab. The lesion takes the form of dark dots that appear on leaves, fruits and flowers. Gradually the spots increase up to 2 - 3 cm. As a result, the fruits become small and hard, their taste and presentation are lost. To combat scab, the preparations Skor, Strobi, Horus are used. Treatments are carried out every 2 weeks.
Pear attracts sucker, leafworm, moth, aphids and other pests. Insects feed on the sap of the tree, which slows down its growth and reduces the yield. To get rid of pests, insecticides Agravertin, Iskra, Decis are used. Trees are sprayed with working solutions on the leaf. Digging up the soil in the near-trunk circle and whitewashing the trunk is a good prevention.
Reviews about pear Rossoshanskaya
Conclusion
Description, photos and reviews of the Dessertnaya Rossoshanskaya pear will help gardeners find suitable seedlings for growing. The group of varieties is characterized by high yield and good fruit taste. Planting is provided with constant care: watering, feeding, pruning the crown.
