Content
Pear is a southern fruit, the taste of which has been known since childhood. Thanks to the work of breeders, now fruit crops can be found in cities with a warm and unstable climate. Pear Zaveya is a new unpretentious variety that has gained great popularity among gardeners. Strengths and weaknesses, cultivation features, a description of the Zaveya pear will make it possible to understand why the variety is in demand among summer residents.
Description of pear variety Zaveya
Pear Zaveya was bred by Belarusian scientists in 2016, by crossing the varieties Bere Seraya, Dulia Ostzeya and Butter Rose. Zaveya belongs to winter, high-yielding varieties, withstands temperatures up to - 30 ° C without shelter.
The plant is medium-sized, grows up to 4 m in height. Pear Zaveya forms a pyramidal, thin crown formed by light brown shoots. Curved branches have dark emerald, glossy leaves, small in size. In the spring, during the flowering period, the crown is covered with numerous snow-white flowers. For abundant fruiting, the Zaveya pear needs pollinator varieties that bloom at the same time.
Characteristics of pear fruits
Delicately green fruits of a truncated Zaveya pear weighing 180 g have a juicy, aromatic pulp. The skin is thin, but dense, due to which the crop is stored for a long time and tolerates long-term transportation. Fruit retains its freshness and taste if stored properly for 6 months.
Pros and cons of the Zaveya variety
Pear Zaveya, like any plant, has positive and negative qualities. The advantages of gardeners include:
- high and stable yield;
- good appearance and taste;
- long-term storage;
- frost resistance;
- the ability to grow in regions with an unstable climate.
Disadvantages of the Zaveya pear:
- in case of non-compliance with the rules of care, the rapid addition of diseases;
- grows poorly on clay, heavy soil.
Optimal growing conditions
For good development and generous fruiting, you need to know where the pear tree likes to grow. Pear Zaveya prefers to grow on slightly acidic, fertile, light soil with a groundwater table of at least 2 m.
A bright place protected from drafts is suitable for planting a seedling. Since the tree is medium-sized and does not like shading, the planting site should have sufficient area.
Planting and caring for the Zaveya pear
The pear planting site is prepared in the fall. For this, the soil is dug up, organic and mineral fertilizers are applied:
- when grown on loam when digging for 1 sq. m add 60 g of superphosphate, 6 kg of rotted compost or manure, 15 g of potassium;
- humus and clay are added to the sandy soil.
Before planting, you must choose the right seedling. It is bought from trusted suppliers, in horticulture or nurseries. A healthy young plant should have well-developed roots and a healthy trunk without mechanical damage and signs of disease.
A Zaveya pear seedling is best purchased at the age of 1-2. A young plant should have lateral branches from 12 to 30 cm long. They should be elastic, without outgrowths and signs of disease. It is better to buy seedlings with a closed root system, but if the roots are open, they are wrapped in a damp cloth during transportation.
Before planting, the root system of the pear is cut by 10 cm and kept for about 6 hours in warm water.
Landing rules
The Zaveya pear is planted in the spring after the soil warms up and in the fall 3 weeks before the onset of frost. Spring planting does not give 100% survival rate, since when warm weather sets in, the seedling starts spending energy on budding, to the detriment of growing the root system.
A month before planting, a landing pit is prepared. It should be 1 m in diameter and 0.5 m in depth. The excavated soil is mixed with mineral fertilizers, organic matter and laid with a mound in the hole. The earth is spilled and left until moisture is completely absorbed and the fertilizers are dissolved. Plants are planted at a distance of 5 m from each other.
At the seedling, the root system is straightened and set on a mound. The hole is gradually filled with earth, tamping each layer so that an air cushion does not form. In a properly planted seedling, the root collar should be 5 cm above the ground. Since the young plant is firmly held in the ground only in the second year after planting, it needs support.
After planting the pear, the earth is shed and mulched. Mulch will retain moisture, relieve loosening and weeds, and will also play the role of additional organic feeding.
Pear Zaveya is an unpretentious variety. For proper growth and development, she needs to ensure regular watering, feeding and timely pruning.
Watering and feeding
An adult pear tree forms a powerful root system, so watering is carried out as the top layer of the soil dries out. A young tree is watered weekly with 20 liters for each specimen. The main rule of watering is to provide the tree with plenty of water during the period of fruit formation and after leaf fall, when the plant is preparing for wintering. Watering is carried out in specially dug trenches around the trunk with a depth of 2 cm. After irrigation, the ditch is covered with nutritious soil and mulched.
If a young pear is planted in nutritious soil, it is not fed in the first year. Further, feeding is carried out several times a season:
- in the spring - nitrogenous fertilizers or organic matter;
- during flowering and fruiting, fertilize with nitroammophos;
- after harvest - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Also, in early spring, before bud break, foliar feeding is carried out. The tree is sprayed with a solution: 0.5 kg of urea is diluted in 10 liters of warm water.
Complex mineral fertilizers are applied annually, and organic matter should be applied no more than 1 time in 3 years.
Pruning
To obtain a stable harvest, it is necessary to carry out annual formative, sanitary and anti-aging pruning.
The crown of the Zaveya pear is formed for 6 years.
- 1st year - remove the lower branches, the height of the trunk should be 40-50 cm from the ground. At a height of 90 cm from the headquarters, 3 branches are left on each side. They should be the same in length, the extra ones are removed. The guide is shortened by 1/3 of the length.
- 2nd year - remove the growths that have appeared between the skeletal branches. Shoots that have grown after the lower tier are shortened.
- 3rd year - form 2 tier. To do this, in the spring, before the buds swell on the upper stem branch of the lower tier, all growths are removed under the ring to a height of 45 cm.The branches of the second tier should be located between the intervals of the lower tier at a height of 25 cm so that they do not shade each other. The main shoots are shortened by 1/3 of the length, and the guide is shortened by 20 cm.
- 4th year - the guide is shortened to a lateral shoot in order to stop the height growth. Tree pruning is carried out at a height of 50 cm from the trunk branch of the 2nd tier. All branches are cut to 1/3 of the length, and the increments between the tiers are removed under the ring.
- 5th year - the height of the Zaveya pear reaches 3.5-4 m.In order for the tree to stop growing, the guide is cut over the upper skeletal branch. In the formed crown, the stem branches of the 2nd order should be located 90 cm from the conductor and 0.5 m from each other.
Sanitary pruning of pears of the Zaveya variety is carried out in early spring before sap flow and in autumn, after leaf fall. To do this, remove damaged, dry branches, as well as growing up and at an acute angle to the trunk. Pruning is carried out strictly under the ring, since the stump left can contribute to the spread of rot.
Rejuvenating pruning is carried out if the tree has ceased to yield large fruits. To do this, in the fall, a month before the onset of frost, the branches are cut to 40 cm in length. Pruning allows dormant buds to wake up and form new branches. It is also necessary to shorten the conductor to a side branch. This procedure will allow the tree to redistribute nutrients, renew the crown, and resume fruiting and yield quality.
Whitewash
Whitewashing will protect the bark from the winter and spring sun. To do this, use lime diluted in warm water to the state of thick kefir. To protect the plant, the trunk and eyelids of the lower tier are treated.
Preparing for winter
From the description it can be seen that the Zaveya pear is a frost-resistant variety, so an adult plant does not need shelter. To prepare the tree for winter, it is spilled abundantly, fertilized with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, and the soil along the perimeter of the trunk circle is mulched with straw, coniferous cones, fallen leaves or sawdust.
A young plant, regardless of cold hardiness, must be protected from frost. To do this, the tree trunk is tied with coniferous spruce branches.
Pollination
Pear Zaveya is a self-infertile variety, so it needs pollinators for a bountiful harvest. These varieties include: Bessemyanka and Lyubimitsa Yakovleva.
Fruiting of the variety occurs 4 years after planting. The Zavey pear has one feature, it itself controls the optimal amount of fruits. With a lack of nutrients, it begins to shed excess crops. The fruits remaining on the tree grow large, juicy with few flaws.
Yield
Pear Zaveya is a high-yielding variety. With proper care, the first fruits are harvested in the fall, 4 years after planting. Productivity depends on climatic conditions and crop care. On average, up to 50 kg of fruit can be removed from an adult tree. In order for the fruits to lie as long as possible, they are removed from the branch in an immature form.
Diseases and pests
Pear Zaveya has immunity to many diseases, but if left untimely, scab and moniliosis may appear.
Scab - a fungal disease that affects leaves and fruits. Emerald spots appear on the leaf plate, which, without treatment, smoothly transfer to the fruit. The tree can be saved by spraying with fungicides (Horus, Tridex, Merpan) or folk remedies (dry mustard, potassium permanganate or saline solution).
Moniliosis - fruit decay. When infected, 50% of the crop dies. The first symptom of the disease is the appearance of brown spot on undeveloped fruits. In dry and cold weather, the pear begins to mummify and turn black. Without treatment, the disease can move to large, ripe fruits and manifest itself during storage and during long-term transportation.
In order not to face problems, it is necessary to follow the rules of care and preventive measures:
- Watering, feeding and pruning regularly.
- Cleaning of fallen leaves and rotten fruits.
- Removing weeds, loosening the trunk circle.
- Spring and autumn whitewashing of the trunk.
Reviews about pear Zaveya
Conclusion
If you study the description of the Zavey pear, then growing will not be troublesome, but exciting. Since the variety is unpretentious, resistant to severe frosts and bears large, sweet fruits that can be used fresh and preserved.
