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Early ripening tomatoes all belong to the group of determinant varieties. Due to the limited growth of the stems, the ovaries are formed on them almost simultaneously and the ripening of the fruits takes place amicably and in a short time.
Determinant tomatoes can be super determinants and determinants without the "super" prefix.
The former are distinguished by very low growth and super early ripening of the crop. They do not need stepchildren, since the fruits are tied precisely on the stepsons. Tying is required in case of cultivation high-yielding tomato variety, the branches of which may not withstand the weight of the fruit, or a fruitful year, when a lot of tomatoes are formed, even on not very fruitful varieties.
The determinants grow higher superdeterminant and usually need a garter. Among them there are early and mid-season varieties. Determinants stepchild, usually growing a bush in two stems. The second stem is obtained from the stepson growing under the first cluster of flower buds. For some varieties, three-stem cultivation is optimal.
There is another group of determinant varieties called standard varieties. These are usually low, stocky bushes with a strong stem, similar to miniature trees. They don't require formation and tying. There are standard tomato varieties up to 1 m high. In this case, a support may be required.
The height of the determinant varieties varies from 40 to 100 cm. Such tomatoes are planted, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations, at an average distance of 0.5 m with row spacing of 0.6-0.7 m. Sometimes the variety allows a closer planting.
When choosing varieties of tomatoes of any type for your site, it is very important to pay attention to the zoning of the variety. In the north of the country, it is possible to grow only determinant varieties, indeterminate there will not have time to ripen. In the south, indeterminate ones can be planted in greenhouses.
The best varieties of determinant tomatoes
"Turbojet"
Indeed, the best variety of tomatoes of all the new products on sale in the 2017 season. True, it has a serious drawback: gardeners who tried to plant it in the summer cannot find the seeds of "Turbojet" on sale this year. Either they haven't delivered it yet, or I liked it so much that the gardeners who managed to catch him bought seeds in huge quantities and the supply did not keep up with the demand.
This is a superdeterminate, very compact bush with a height of 0.4 m, completely covered with fruits. It is not required to step-sonate him, and this is impossible, since tomatoes are formed precisely on stepsons.
Tomatoes are small, 70 g, but there are a lot of them, so a garter is desirable. According to the reviews of those who tried to plant a tomato last year, the variety is "ultra-early". They sowed it for seedlings in March. After planting under the open sky, ripe tomatoes were picked in early July. At the same time, the variety is not afraid of cold weather and grows well in open beds in the Middle Lane and beyond the Urals, gives good harvests in cold summers. Tomato is not very suitable for cultivation in the south due to the too small area of foliage that does not cover the fruits from the sun; for cultivation in the south, the tomato is not very suitable because of the too small area of foliage that does not cover the fruits from the sun.
Versatile tomatoes with a pleasant taste.
The "Turbojet" tomato bushes are planted at a distance of 40 cm with a row spacing of 50 cm.
"Alpha"
Determinant super early variety of the standard type, perfect for growing in the cold regions of Russia. The height of the bush is up to 55 cm.
With a seedless cultivation method, fruit ripening begins already on the 85th day after sowing. In the Middle Lane, the variety is grown in open beds, in a more severe climate in film shelters.
In the south, the variety bears fruit in early summer, in the north in mid-July. Included in the state register in 2004.
The tomato has thick, straight stems, the leaves are similar to potato. To form a strong stem, the stepson is removed from the bottom.
The bush brings bright red tomatoes of a small size, weighing about 55 g, round in shape. Recommended for cooking or fresh.
The variety, despite its low growth, is harvestable. Up to 7 kg of fruits are harvested from a unit area.
The variety is resistant to diseases most dangerous for tomatoes. In addition, he manages to give up the entire crop before the appearance of late blight and other fungal diseases.
Growing features
For "Alpha", which is an actively growing variety of tomatoes, they select areas with fertile soil, well-lit by the sun and without the possibility of water stagnation. For the formation of more roots, the soil under the tomatoes must be periodically loosened and the bushes slightly huddled.
"Valentina"
Bred at the Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov Institute and recommended for outdoor cultivation.
The tomato is intended for growing on personal subsidiary plots and private farms. Determinant early maturing variety, not a standard bush with a small amount of foliage, which indicates its zoning in the northern regions of Russia. The height of the bush is up to 0.6 m. Tomatoes ripen 105 days after sowing. The variety requires pinching and tying.
Experienced gardeners say that stepchildren should be removed only when growing bushes of this tomato variety in a greenhouse. In the open field, removing stepchildren reduces the yield of the bush.
The inflorescences are simple, laid in 1-2 leaves.
When ripe, the fruits are orange-red in color. Plum tomato shape, weight up to 90 g. Purpose of the variety: whole-fruit conservation and culinary processing.
Tomatoes contain up to 4.5% saccharides and up to 21 mg / 100 g dry matter of vitamin C.
The yield of "Valentina" is average. When planting 6-7 bushes per m², up to 12 kg of tomatoes are obtained. The yield of one bush can be up to 3 kg.
The advantages of the variety include:
- good keeping quality and transportability of tomatoes;
- ability to tolerate slight drought;
- resistance to major diseases;
- unpretentious cultivation.
The gardeners referred to the disadvantages of tying up the bushes.
At the tomato competition held in 2000 by gardeners, Valentina came out on top in terms of the aggregate of positive qualities.
"Explosion"
Hybrid. Superdeterminant non-standard tomato variety, which is a modernization of the White Naliv variety. It differs from its progenitor by the ability to grow in a seedless way, cold resistance, moisture and drought resistance, a calm attitude to temperature extremes and a dislike for greenhouses. A very small number of gardeners manage to get good yields of this variety in greenhouse conditions. The tomato also does not need a large amount of fertilizer.
The height of the bush is the same as the “White filling” and does not exceed 65 cm. 105 days after sowing, the tomato “Explosion” brings round, slightly ribbed tomatoes weighing 250 g. One bush gives up to 3 kg of tasty tomatoes.
The "Explosion" variety is used for preservation, cooking and making salads.
The advantages of the variety include:
- friendly return of the harvest;
- disease resistance;
- good taste of tomatoes;
- high yield even under adverse weather conditions and unpretentiousness;
- excellent keeping quality and transportability.
There are no disadvantages.
Growing features
This tomato variety has a very high seed germination and ripening rate, so it can be grown both as seedlings and non-seedlings.
Standard terms for sowing seeds of this tomato variety: March - April.
Before sowing, the seeds are kept in melt water for 6 hours, which is a growth stimulant. If desired and the presence of juice, you can additionally soak the seeds in aloe juice. Further, the seeds are dried and sown in the heated ground.
Tomatoes are planted according to the scheme 50x40 cm.When seedlings appear, they are watered at the rate of half a glass of water per week per sprout. After the leaves appear, the plants already need a glass of water.
During the growing season, the tomato is fertilized 4 times using mineral and organic fertilizers.
How to pinch correctly:
There is an interesting trick to increase the yield. The work is piece, manual and is more suitable for amateur experimenters.
Growing tomatoes on two roots (ablating)
A plant with a strong root system, being able to get more nutrients from the soil, will set more fruits and be able to grow them larger. You can increase the root system by additionally sprinkling the tomato stem or the lower stepsons with earth, or you can grow a tomato bush "on two roots" and learn how to vaccinate at the same time. Experts call this method ablating.
Ablating young tomatoes growing in the ground is simply inconvenient.
Tomato seeds are planted in separate pots, two each. The seeds are planted no further than a centimeter from each other.
When the tomato seedlings reach the required size: the stalk at the inoculation site must be at least 4 mm, - you can start ablating.
Ablation
With a very sharp razor, you need to remove the bark from the stems of the tomatoes in the place where the plants will touch. The length of the section with the bark removed is 10-15 mm. Cambium cannot be damaged.
If you have a steady hand and you are sure that you will not cut off the entire stem entirely, you can make oblique cuts 6 mm long and no more than half the stem in depth at the point of contact. In the rootstock, an incision is made from top to bottom, in the scion, vice versa. Then the tongues of the incisions are aligned with each other with the inner sides and fixed. A similar method is suitable if you have already decided in advance which of the plants you will remove or are going to grow a tomato bush in two stems.
If it is not yet clear which of the sprouts is better, it is possible, without making cuts, to tightly tie the places of the cuts with the bare cambium to each other with fixing tape. Immediately before planting tomatoes in the soil, it will be possible to finally decide which of the sprouts is weaker and remove it. Or pinch the tops of both sprouts and grow a bush in two stems.
It is better to cover the stems with some kind of "breathable" material, such as a strip of nonwoven fabric or a bandage. It is better not to use "non-breathable" material. The tomato is a vine, in which case the stems will take root under the bandage. The stems grow together for two weeks.
The tomato bush grows much more powerful and fertile, so that during further work not to damage the plant, the support must be installed simultaneously with planting tomato seedlings.
Ablating on the ground
A similar operation can be carried out on tomatoes already planted in the ground. But in this case, tomato varieties are used that give stepchildren, since in fact, in such conditions, it is not the stems of the seedlings that are spliced, but the stepsons of neighboring bushes.
The scheme is generally the same. Differs in the need to immediately put props, attaching stepsons to them below and above the place of the scion. Below the vaccinations, the stepsons are attached separately for ease of use. Above - together. For insurance, both stems are also fixed just below the splice so that the branches do not disperse and the efforts are not wasted.
In the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe fusion, it is better to remove the leaves for better ventilation and ease of manipulation.
As with splicing two bushes, if the spliced stepchildren are to be grown into one stem, the stock or weaker stem is removed. If two, then both stepsons pinch the top.
Ablactation video
Not all determinant tomato varieties have stepchildren for using the second ablation option, so it is better to do it by splicing the main stems of two young tomatoes.
Have a good harvest!
