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At the end of winter and early spring, every summer resident has an exciting time to prepare for planting tomatoes. In a large number of regions of Russia, the cultivation of heat-loving crops is possible only in greenhouses using the seedling method. The choice of early varieties is due to the fact that the number of sunny days during the growing period is very limited. Consider the popular tomato varieties with a short growing season and talk about the features of their cultivation.
Growing tomatoes in greenhouses
The number of greenhouses is growing today. This is due to the fact that many gardeners began to grow vegetables for sale in large quantities, and not just for themselves. For growing tomatoes in greenhouses, it is required to equip special greenhouses. What is important when growing tomatoes?
- Sunlight (there should be a lot of it, do to the greenhouse he must all day);
- good conditions for ventilation;
- soil preparation;
- optimal modes of temperature and humidity.
Preparatory work
Experienced summer residents know that the constant cultivation of crops in the same greenhouse after several seasons will lead to the fact that the plants will start to hurt. The soil must be properly cultivated or alternated with cucumbers. However, growing two crops at the same time is not recommended.
The soil preparation process takes place in several stages:
- the top layer of soil is removed by 10 centimeters;
- copper sulfate is added to boiling water at the rate of 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water, and this solution is used to treat the soil hot;
- a week before planting the finished seedlings, prepare beds with a height of 25-30 centimeters.
The width between the beds largely depends on the selected tomato variety or hybrid. Early and ultra-early varieties are very popular today. They keep up quickly, caring for them is simple.
The tomato is pollinated with the help of insects, however, it is extremely difficult to attract them to the greenhouse. That is why greenhouse tomatoes are demanding for airing. To do this, you need to equip several windows. As a rule, hybrids that are resistant to unfavorable growing conditions and diseases are referred to as super early greenhouse ones.
The best early varieties of tomatoes for indoor use
Early varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses are suitable for those who are not used to spending a lot of time on plants. Of course, you won't be able to completely forget about your seedlings, but exactly early ripening tomatoes generally undersized, not requiring the formation of a bush. Consider several popular hybrids and varieties that will delight you with an early harvest.
Hybrid "Aurora"
The high-yielding and ultra-early ripening hybrid "Aurora" will be appreciated by those gardeners who get tired of tying tall tomatoes.
It is permissible to leave 40-50 centimeters between the beds, and plant up to 7 bushes on one square meter. Care is standard, the harvest will ripen after only 78-85 days after the first shoots appear.
Fleshy red fruits, excellent taste.Due to the fact that the tomatoes themselves are medium in size, they can be used both in salads and for salting, cooking sauces and other dishes. The fruits do not crack, are perfectly transported and have an excellent presentation. The plant is not afraid of Alternaria and TMV. The yield is about 15 kilograms per square meter.
Hybrid "Andromeda"
As a rule, it is the varieties of tomatoes for the greenhouse that bring large yields, since in greenhouses they are least susceptible to diseases. A variety of this hybrid with a pink color of the pulp ripens before anyone else, 80 days are enough for it, for tomatoes with red pulp it takes 85-95 days.
The height of the plant is only 70 centimeters, the yield in the greenhouse is high (almost 13 kilograms per square meter), planting of medium density is encouraged, which is 6-7 plants per square. The Andromeda hybrid is more suitable for warm climates, it tolerates heat well.
Taste qualities of tomatoes are excellent, resistance to major diseases allows you not to worry about the harvest. Due to the rapid maturation, the hybrid is not afraid of late blight. Fleshy fruits, some specimens weigh up to 180 grams. The presentation is excellent, it can be transported subject to storage conditions.
Hybrid "Aphrodite"
The earliest tomatoes are always pleasing to the eye. This hybrid ripens very quickly. From the moment the first shoots appear and until full maturation, only 76-80 days pass. Determinate bush, low, reaches no more than 70 centimeters in height. The garter is required only to preserve the fruit, because up to 8 tomatoes are formed on the brush, under their weight the branches can break off.
Fruits are small in size, about 110 grams each with good taste. As a rule, they are consumed fresh. The hybrid is resistant to pillar, late blight, TMV, fizariosis wilt. The yield is friendly. The yield in the greenhouse reaches 17 kilograms per square meter.
Variety "Arctic"
Some early maturing varieties are attractive in their appearance. The "Arktika" variety is known for its decorative qualities. The bush is low, does not require a garter, the tomatoes are formed on it small, weighing 25 grams. They are well suited for salads, pickling and canning, have a pleasant aroma and excellent taste. On one brush, up to twenty round fruits are formed at once. When ripe, they turn red.
The ripening period is only 78-80 days, the yield does not exceed 2.5 kilograms per square meter.
Hybrid "Biathlon"
This hybrid is said to be ideal for salads. Its taste is good, the size of the fruit makes it possible to pickle tomatoes. The bush of the plant is determinate, quite tall and sometimes can reach a meter. The yield is fast and friendly.
Since the bush is compact, you can plant seedlings quite tightly, up to 7-9 bushes per square meter. The yield will be approximately 9 kilograms from this area. The plant is resistant to TMV and Fusarium. Due to the fast ripening period, it does not have time to get sick with late blight. The ripening period does not exceed 85 days, it can be grown successfully in open ground and in greenhouses.
Hybrid "Daria"
Very beautiful scarlet tomatoes ripen in just 85-88 days and give a large harvest of delicious tomatoes. From one square meter, 15-17 kilograms of high-quality fruits can be harvested. Resistance to TMV, Fusarium and Alternaria is a big plus.
The height of the bush reaches one meter, sometimes a little higher, you will have to tie them up. There are very few leaves on the plant, it is due to this that rapid ripening occurs. Fruits with excellent taste are suitable for pickling and salads.
Dolphin hybrid
It is represented by small fruits with excellent taste. They are round in shape with a characteristic pointed top. The bush of the determinant type of growth, which stops growing after the beginning of flowering, reaches a height of 80 centimeters.The brushes form five to six fruits, which are used for fresh consumption.
The ripening period is 85-87 days from the moment the first shoots appear, the yield is high (up to 15 kilograms per square meter). "Dolphin" is resistant to Fusarium, Alternaria and black bacterial spot.
Variety "Sanka"
Describing the best early tomatoes, one cannot but say about "Sanka". Today it is perhaps the most popular tomato in Russia. They are so fond of gardeners that in February it is sometimes difficult to find an extra bag of seeds on the counter of the store. Why is Sanka tomato so popular?
The ripening period is only 78-85 days, the pulp of the tomatoes is red fleshy, the taste is excellent. You can use the fruits in any quality. The tomatoes themselves are medium and do not exceed 150 grams.
The bush is of a determinant type, does not exceed 60 centimeters in height, the yield is high, reaching 15 kilograms per square meter. It is recommended to plant no more than 7 plants per square. The yield is long-lasting, it can bear fruit until frost from new shoots that grow after the first recoil of fruit by the plant.
Hybrid "Captain"
Those looking for a rich harvest are often advised not to pick super early tomatoes, the greenhouse varieties described above refute this claim. Almost all of them are represented by a rich harvest, the same can be said about the Captain hybrid. The yield per square is approximately 17 kilograms. In this case, the bush is determinant, low (up to 70 centimeters). You can plant 7 bushes of seedlings per square meter.
Ripening period is 80-85 days, fruits weighing 130 grams are leveled. Fruiting is amicable, the fruits are strong, well stored. With excellent taste, they are used mainly for salads. Resistance to bacteriosis, TMV, late blight and fusarium is an excellent quality for tomato.
Hybrid "Yesenia"
In the greenhouse, you can collect up to 15 kilograms of tomatoes with excellent taste. They ripen on low bushes up to 70 centimeters in height. Fruit weight 135 grams, they are aligned, have a red color. Since tomatoes have a high presentation, they are often grown on an industrial scale. Caring for them is standard.
Since the bush is compact, you can plant the plants quite densely, 7-9 plants per square, however, this can affect the yield.
Grade "Carbon"
The most interesting tomatoes are always eye-catching. The variety of American selection is interesting in that rather large fruits have a dark cherry color. They are very tasty and have a sweetish taste. The average weight of one tomato is 250 grams. The pulp is fleshy, juicy. Purpose of table tomato.
The bush of the plant is indeterminate, spreading, requires a garter and pinching, which takes a lot of time for a summer resident. The ripening period is only 76 days. It is recommended to plant no more than 4 seedling bushes per square meter.
Tips for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse
Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse poses a problem of pollination. That is why it is impossible to grow varieties intended for open ground in a greenhouse. Self-pollination is an important feature.
When growing seedlings, they are placed separately, each tomato is grown in a glass. Planting into the ground is carried out without damaging the rhizome. It is very important. The seedlings are considered ready when they reach about 20 centimeters in height. After transplanting, you need to fill the beds with water.
Do not feel sorry for the stepsons and the lower leaves, they require strength from the plant, which has a negative effect on yield. A good video about growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is presented below:
After airing in the morning, the plants can be lightly watered. Do not forget that tomatoes are very responsive to the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Without this, it will be impossible to achieve the maximum yield.
Today, a huge number of varieties and hybrids of tomatoes, including ultra-early ones, are presented on the market. In some cases, you can manage to get two crops in a row at once in one season, if you grow seedlings in a separate room.
Do not forget that high yields require special knowledge, patience and a lot of work from the gardener.
