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When choosing determinant early tomato varieties ripening times, you need to pay attention to whether they are intended for the southern or northern regions.
Southern varieties They are distinguished by thick, powerful foliage that can protect tomatoes from the scorching sun. The growing season for southern tomatoes is long. Life processes are not as intense as in the northern ones, but the “southerners” are more resistant to climatic conditions.
Northern varieties of tomatoes adapted to hot but short periods. They grow, develop and yield very quickly. But in the south, these tomatoes are not recommended to grow with all the external advantages. In the southern latitudes, they will not please with either a good harvest, or high-quality fruits, or a long growing season.
Northern tomatoes have a small amount of foliage arranged so that the fruits receive maximum sunlight. Under the southern sun, such bushes age quickly and cannot provide the fruits with the necessary nutrients. In addition, the tomatoes themselves often get sunburn and grow ugly and small. Often also half dry.
Producers often do not bother to indicate which region the tomato seeds are intended for, which sometimes leads to failures when buying a new tomato variety. Agrofirms located in Siberia produce tomato seeds for their region. These are usually superdeterminate and determinant tomatoes.
Tomato seeds of foreign companies and those produced by companies in the European part of Russia are more suitable for the Middle Belt. But northerners can grow these varieties of tomatoes in greenhouses in "warm" beds.
Determinant tomato varieties can be ultra-early, early-maturing and mid-maturing.
Early maturing varieties of determinant tomatoes
Holland offers many new early-ripening tomato varieties, which are hybrids of the first generation and suitable for greenhouses and open field. Some of them give good yields when grown outdoors, even in the northern regions of the Russian Federation.
Variety "Townsville F1"
A powerful determinant bush that gives medium-sized rounded tomatoes weighing up to 200 g. Ripe red tomatoes with excellent taste. Can be stored for up to three weeks.
The height of the tomato bush reaches 1.2 m. The variety is high-yielding, so the bush needs a garter. Branching and leafiness are average. The variety is recommended for growing almost all over Russia, including the Urals and Siberia. In the southern regions it can grow in open ground, to the north it needs greenhouse conditions.
The growing season is 67 days. Up to 9 kg of tomatoes are removed from 1 m². Resistant to pathogenic factors.
Agrotechnics
The seeds of the hybrid are sown in March, covered with foil and placed in a warm place. The film is removed after germination of the seeds and the tomato seedlings are rearranged to a well-lit place, maintaining the temperature at 17 ° C for a week. Later it is raised to +22. Forty-day seedlings are planted in a permanent place.
Variety "Polonaise F1"
New early determinant hybrid.The tomato bush is very powerful. It is recommended to plant at the rate of 3 bushes per square meter. Suitable for growing in the south of Russia. When grown outdoors, the variety produces good ovaries.
Tomatoes weighing up to 220 g. Ripen 65 days after transplanting. Ripe tomato of uniform red color without a green spot at the stalk. The pulp is firm. Possesses good taste.
The variety is resistant to major diseases and has good transportability.
Variety "Polbig F1"
The earliest of the Dutch determinant hybrids. The crop can be harvested after 58 days.
The height of the bushes reaches 0.8 m. The tomatoes are round, red, and medium in size. In the open field, the weight of a tomato is up to 130 g, in greenhouses it can grow up to 210. The yield per bush is up to 4 kg with a planting density of 5-6 bushes per unit area.
The purpose of the variety is universal. Can be used as a salad tomato or for processing and preservation.
The variety can be grown in open beds, greenhouses or plastic shelters. Relatively cold-resistant, shows good ovary formation even at low temperatures.
The advantages of this variety of tomatoes include:
- early ripening of tomatoes, due to which the crop is harvested before the appearance of phytophotorosis;
- resistance of the tomato bush to low temperatures;
- resistance to pathogenic microflora (it simply does not have time to multiply);
- good keeping quality of tomatoes and resistance to cracking;
- high transportability of tomatoes;
- leveled fruits.
The gardeners considered the disadvantages of tying up the stem and fruiting shoots that could break under the weight of the tomatoes.
Variety "Torbay F1"
A mid-early hybrid developed by the Dutch in 2010. Certified in Russia in 2012.
A tomato bush in the open air grows up to 85 cm, in a greenhouse it can be up to 1.5 m high. The growing season is 65 days. Standard grade.
Ripe Torbay tomatoes are pink, round, weighing up to 210 g, sweet and sour in taste.
Advantages of the variety:
- friendly return of the harvest;
- the ability of tomatoes for long storage;
- high portability;
- resistance to pathogenic microflora;
- high ripening capacity of tomatoes during storage.
The disadvantage of the variety is the need for increased attention to the bushes at the initial stage of cultivation: feeding and loosening the soil.
The yield of the variety is up to 6 kg per bush. Planting density: 4 bushes per unit area.
A variety of multi-purpose tomatoes. Tomatoes are used both for salad dressings and for cooking and juicing. They are also good for winter preparations.
Features of agricultural technology
The variety grows very well outdoors in the southern regions of Russia, showing the best results in this climate. In the middle lane, it requires film shelters, and in the northern regions it can only be grown in greenhouse conditions. Greenhouses must be heated.
The "Torbeya" bush requires a mandatory tie and reinforcement of the branches with props to prevent them from breaking off. You can form a tomato bush into two stems, but usually it is formed into one to get larger tomatoes.
At the initial stage, the variety requires a large amount of phosphorus and potassium. Later, it is fed on a par with other tomatoes.
Features of agricultural technology of Dutch tomato varieties
- Dutch determinant hybrids are intended for industrial cultivation. Of course, they can be grown in subsidiary plots, but, for example, in a greenhouse, hybrids will show the best result when using hydroponics, which is unlikely to be used by a private owner.
- The hybrids are self-pollinating, but the manufacturer recommends using bumblebees for best results. For a private trader, this is also not very convenient.
- Using Dutch agricultural technology, 65 kg of tomatoes are obtained from one square meter.With normal cultivation, available to the amateur gardener - 15 kg of tomatoes.
- Proper cultivation of seedlings of hybrid varieties is mandatory: a mixture of peat and sand is used for sowing, and the seedling cassettes equipped with drainage are placed in a well-lit place with optimal temperature and humidity.
Of the Russian firms, perhaps the earliest tomato varieties are offered by Siberian producers. At least the bulk of the varieties of such tomatoes, which is due to the conditions of their breeding.
Variety "Far North"
An early standard variety with a growing season of 90 days. The tomato bush is erect, powerful. Round tomatoes, up to 80 g. Does not need pinching, perfectly adapts to unfavorable weather conditions. Even in areas of risky farming, this variety can be sown directly into the soil, bypassing the seedling stage. It is used in salads and marinades.
Resistant to pathogenic microflora.
Variety "Legionnaire"
Early ripe. Determinate bush, spreading, slightly leafy. It can be grown in greenhouses and in open beds, but the tomato is zoned for the southern regions. Grows to the north only in greenhouses. The variety is fruitful. Gives up to 17 kg / m².
Ripe pink tomatoes, round, weighing up to 150 g. If they have good taste, they are recommended for fresh consumption.
The advantages include a friendly return of the crop and resistance to pathogenic microflora and cracking.
Variety "Parodist"
Early maturing, vegetation period of 85 days. Bushes up to half a meter high. Suitable for greenhouses and open beds, but the cultivation method is slightly different: the variety does not need to be formed in the soil, in greenhouses the tomato is grown in three stems.
The variety is included in the State Register as zoned for the North Caucasian and Central Black Earth regions. Recommended there for growing in subsidiary plots.
Relatively frost-hardy, it forms ovaries well in almost any natural conditions. Does not suffer from fusarium and cladosporiosis.
Planting scheme for this tomato: up to 6 bushes per sq. m. Productivity 3.5 kg per bush, that is, up to 20 kg / m².
Ripe red tomatoes. The shape is rounded, flattened from the tops. Weight up to 160 g. Taste good for early ripe tomatoes. They belong to the group of lettuce tomatoes.
What does tomatoes need to form a good harvest
Of course, the nutrients that tomatoes get from soil and fertilizers. There are three main elements: phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen.
Phosphorus
Stimulates root growth and improves frost resistance. Along with potassium, it is necessary for tomatoes from the first day of planting seedlings in the ground. Up to the point that a pinch of phosphorus is put directly into the holes prepared for seedling, sprinkling with a little earth so that the phosphorus does not touch the bare roots.
With a lack of phosphorus, the stems and leaves acquire a red-violet color.
Tomatoes grow painful. The situation can be corrected by adding liquid superphosphate. With a lack of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium are not absorbed well enough, therefore it is advisable to add phosphorus to all dressings.
Potassium
The element also improves frost resistance during transplanting. In addition, the simultaneous introduction of potassium and phosphorus stimulates the growing season of tomatoes and accelerates fruiting.
It is advisable to add additional potassium during the "milky" ripeness of tomatoes to improve the taste of tomatoes and their keeping quality.
With a lack of potassium, the foliage first turns dark green, and then a yellow-brown border of dead tissue forms along the edges. The stems stop growing, blotch appears on the fruits, the crop ripens unevenly.
Nitrogen
The most important ingredient for tomatoes. Without it, there will be no harvest, since nitrogen contributes to the formation and growth of tomatoes. Nitrogen is added to the soil several times during the growing season of tomatoes. For high-yield varieties, this is done a little more often.
On poor soils, tomatoes are fertilized with mullein solution every two and a half weeks. If you do not want to mess with organic matter, you can feed the tomatoes with ammonium nitrate or urea.Even in chernozem regions, it is necessary to apply nitrogen 2-3 times during the growing season.
With a lack of nitrogen, the lower leaves turn yellow and die off.
It is equally important not to overdo it with nitrogen fertilizers. With an excess of nitrogen, tomatoes drive green mass and do not tend to form ovaries.
And it is much more difficult to remove an excess of an element from the soil than to add it. Moreover, if you really overdo it with the introduction of nitrogen, then the tomato will even lose its decorative appearance. Young leaves will begin to curl and tear when you try to unroll them with your hand.
Calcium
Usually this element is not given special attention, but with its deficiency, neither potassium, nor phosphorus, nor nitrogen, nor magnesium are absorbed. This problem is especially acute in suburban areas older than 10 years, since constantly adding the first three elements, summer residents usually forget about calcium and magnesium. The land of old summer cottages contains very small amounts of Ca and Mg.
With a strong lack of calcium, the leaves and flower brushes of tomatoes begin to curl. Old foliage becomes dark green, on young foliage a light yellow spot appears. Fruits are affected by apical rot.
In this case, the tomato must be fed with calcium nitrate foliar method.
If all the troubles associated with the lack of elements have passed you and the tomatoes promise you a good harvest, help them grow it. Tomatoes bloom almost to the last. Flowers and ovaries that appear too late will not have time to ripen, but will take away the nutrients they need from growing tomatoes. As a result, the harvest will be worse and the tomatoes are smaller. It is better to cut off excess flowers and ovaries. How to do it correctly, you can watch the video.
Conclusion
Thus, when selecting a fruitful and suitable tomato variety for specific purposes and conditions, it is important not only to describe the variety on the manufacturer's packaging, but also its zoning, as well as compliance with agricultural technology required for a particular tomato variety.
Dutch tomato varieties with their high yield, they are quite capricious and are more suitable for greenhouses. Domestic ones are often less productive, but they are able to grow outdoors without any problems.
